w

-a-

Pref

Surface form of Benefactive -aG-, see below.

Pref

Variant or surface form of -aG-, -a- 'ground', see below.

Pref

Noun-class prefix, punctual series, for Ana noun class.

Pref

Variant of wa-, pronominal prefix on verbs for 1Sg/1Sg/1P1→2Sg.

Pref

For verb =a-n^y in cpd. see =yi-/=w₁u- 'to give'.

(Entry on page 150 of printed dictionary)

wa!

(pronounced wall!)

to arrive, appear (at camp). 40.15.4.

Associated with verb =w₂ala- and probably related etymologically.

(Entry on page 150 of printed dictionary)

=w₂a-

VTrN^ga3

(=w₂a-n^ga:-', etc.; for =w₂a-n^g the stem can be this one or =w₂u- 'to hit, kill') to bite; to hold (object) in teeth. 22.1.6 A6 2.1.7, 142.2.3rdp, 143.9.1, 162.14.4.

Recip:

=w₂a-n^gi-n^yji- VIntrI2 (also functions as Reflexive).

Rf appears to be gad!.

In cpds. can mean 'to bite' or 'to eat' (replacing =n^gu-), and in -yiga=wa- apparently replacing =na- 'to burn' (which has same N^ga3 inflection):

-dir=ba-

to eat shit (swearing). See -gi=wa-. (-dirG-)

-duguj=ba-

(animal) to eat (fodder). 92.2.6.

-gala=wa-

to eat shit (in expressions meaning 'oops!' or 'excuse me!'). Regular forms are n^gunu-gala=wa-n^g (1Sg/1Sg/1P1→2Sg) and n^gana-gala=wa-n^g (1Sg/(1Sg/1P1→2P1) in sense 'excuse me!', with first syllable of prefix often omitted (nu-gala=wa-n^g).

Ex:

n^ga:='jarga-n^y nu-gala=wa-n^g 'Oops! I missed it!'.

Literal gloss with 'shit' not clear from form, based on analogy to more common synonym -gi=wa- (below).

-gi=wa-

to eat shit (in expressions meaning 'oops!' or 'excuse me!'). Sense and forms (including prefix truncation) as described above for -gala=wa-, hence nu-gi=wa-n^g 'excuse me!' for Sg addressee, n^gana-gi=wa-n^g or na-gi=wa-n^g (P1 addressee). Common as a strong 'excuse me!' or 'oops!' form (literally 'I ate shit', or rather 'I ate your shit'); it may be used, for example, when a man accidentally approaches an avoidance relative. 11.7.1/2, 13.36.2, 5.14.5, 13.38.3, 25.5.3, 34.7.3.

Cf:

-dir=ba- and -gala=wa-, above.

-janda=wa-

to bite (person, animal) in the back.

Ex:

n^ganu-janda=wa-n^ga-na 'I will bite him in the back'.

-lha=ba-

to bite (something), to hold (it) in one's teeth. (-lhaG-)

-lhan^galm=ba-

to eat (something cooked improperly).

-malbij=ba-

(note correction of 1 to 1) to bite sinew/tendon of (animal, etc.). 162.13.4.

-ran^ga=ba-

to bite (wood, tree). (ran^gag)

-rigu=wa-

or -rugu=wa- to eat (something) raw. 45.5.2rdp, 117.2.1. (See digu)

-ambam=ba-

(headache) to afflict (person, direct object).

-yan^g-gawa-ga=wa-

(internal rdp.) to talk a lot, chatter.

-w₁ud=ba-

to drink up the last bit of (something).

-yiga=wa-

to set (fire). 15.6.1, 15.7.1, 16.9.1, 16.9.2rdp, 163.16.4rdp. Cf. =na- 'to burn', etc.

-awu=ba-

to detest, hate, dislike (person, object). 29.6.3.

-wawul=ba-

(possibly Intr) (fire) to rage (in bush, trees).

Cf:

ambam-ba-n^ga-j (related to -ambam=ba-, above). Another possible cpd. is =lhurba- (q.v.), with same unusual conjugation.

(Entry on page 168 of printed dictionary)

aba

Particle

just now, just then (temporal immediacy).

Short form of adaba. Discussed in Grammar.

(Entry on page 168 of printed dictionary)

=w₁aba-

VTrA1

to wrap up (e.g., in paperbark). 5.19.4, 13.20.3, 50.1.4rdp, 50.1.5, 51.2.1, 108.6.6, 116.12.5, 152.1.2, 153.1.2, 153.1.5rdp.

Mult:

-w₁ara=(w)aba- or -w₁ara:='ba-. 163.12.2rdp.

-bira=(w)aba-

to wrap up 'rear end' (i.e., base) of (object). 108.3.1/3 (basket).

-jimun^g=gabi-

to tie (coolamon) together. 116.13.3, 132.9.1, 127.1.4, 157.3.5. (cf. jimun^ggumun^gu, lhabara).

-lhabara=(w)aba-

to tie (coolamon) together. 129.1.3. Less common than preceding cpd.

-lhan^gaj=gaba-

to wrap up or tie up entrails of (animal). 1.7.2rdp.

In this sense the direct object is either Mana class (unmarked form) or agrees with class of term for the animal. Can also mean 'to tie up bait' with AnaØ direct object. See two entries lhan^gaj and -lhan^gaj- for the two initial elements.

-lan^g=gaba-

to wrap up the head of (person). 14.4.2 (with string belt, bu:dhun^g).

-liba=(w)aba-

or -liwa=(a)aba- to wrap up in paperbark (liba). 116.12.1/3.

-mulun^g=gaba-

to wrap up several (objects). 99.3.3rdp.

-n^gagara=(w)aba-

to wrap up bones of (person, e.g., in mortuary proceedings). 137.1.1.

-w₁ala=gabi-'-

(Ref1) to wrap up one's own neck, to put

(something, unspecified in verb) around one's neck. 149.2.5.

-w₁uln^g=gabi-

(Listed under stem =abi-, below)

-w₁urij=gabi-'-

(Ref1) to have chest wrapped up. 94.1.4.

-yigurun^g=gaba-

to wrap up (bundle, e.g., containing foods or perhaps bones of dead person). 116.12.5.

Cf:

-yigurun^g-, -aryi-, =w₁amadha-, =rad-bu-, =ambamadha-.

(Entry on page 168 of printed dictionary)

=aba:bi-

VIntrI1

to go along slowly, to sneak along.

Rdp:

-aba:='ba:bi-.

Compare =abi- 'to jump', rdp. -aba:='bi-.

(Entry on page 169 of printed dictionary)

a-badbir

NAdj

or NcAnaWu (See w₂adbir).

(Entry on page 169 of printed dictionary)

abal

NAdj

excellent (performer, e.g., in singing or dancing); owner (of clan country, dog, etc.). (For this semantic range compare English 'master').

HumSg:

abali-jun^g (suggesting stem abaliG-). 89.1.1/6.

P1:

aba:-'bal.

These forms, notably na:-'ball-jun^g (with MSg noun-class prefix na-) are used as exclamations of approval or congratulations, cf. 'bravo!' or 'fine job!' in English.

lhal-abal

NAdj owner or boss of country (said of members, esp. senior men, of the patrilineal clan associated with the territorial estate involved). P1: lhala-lhal-abal. Contrast jun^ggayi.

an^ga:-'bal

NAdj (rightful) owner of camp. (In context may mean 'rightful husband', 'rightful owner of woman').

These cpds. take same HumSg ending as abal, hence an^ga:-'bali-jun^g79.2.7.

Other terms of congratulations or praise: lamabu, namir, w₂alaj, radhar, lhamugar, mirabal, madbal. Note that the last two of these also end in -bal, suggesting etymological segmentation of abal as *a-bal (*aG-wal, cf. Ngandi -wel) (leading to a further connection with another of the terms, w₂alaj). madbal is related to a verb =mad-bu-.

For semantics cf. also bun^ggawa, ambalaman, mamalan^g.

(Entry on page 169 of printed dictionary)

abala

NcAnaWu

plain (topography), open area; (ritual) clearing. 65.9.2.

abala-yarayara

NcAnaWu clearing (ground); clear sky.

Occurs also in following entry.

Cf:

wumayamaya, ambarar.

Etym:

May contain-aG- 'ground'.

(Entry on page 170 of printed dictionary)

abalamiyamiya

(abala-miyamiya)

NcAnaWu

open area, clearing. 7.16.6.

Mainly a songword; regular word is in preceding entry.

(Entry on page 170 of printed dictionary)

aban

NcAnaWu

ground, dirt, earth. 1.10.7, 5.12.8, 9.13.1, 12.8.5, 20.16.4, 97.3.4, 95.5.4(unusual predicative NAdj use), 119.7.2, 132.2.2, 143.4.3, 156.4.6.

As cpd. initial -(w₁)aban-: =ma:ndha-, =w₂alga-, =w₂ann^ga-.

aban-galalij

NcAnaWu wet ground. (w₁alalij)

However, aban is replaced by -aG-/-a- (see below) in many cpds.

Etym:

aban may contain this cpd. initial -aG-/-a-.

(Entry on page 170 of printed dictionary)

=abandira-

VIntrA2

to become daylight, (day) to become light out.

Grammatical subject is Ana class as with most impersonal weather terms and the like: wa:='bandiri-n^y 'It became daylight'.

-lhud=gabandira-

to make loud noises at night or just before daybreak.

Cf:

=lalma- (much more common), =rurdi-, =magaribada-.

Etym:

Conceivably involves aban 'ground' and =yira- 'to decorate' (phonology not fully regular, but cf. mand-irija s.v. yirija).

(Entry on page 170 of printed dictionary)

-a=bann^garayi-

VTrI1

(Benef. of =w₂ann^garayi-).

Cf:

also =n^garaya-, mabargu.

(Entry on page 170 of printed dictionary)

-w₂a:bara

NAdj

(This may be the root in dirba:bara, q.v.)

(Entry on page 170 of printed dictionary)

w₁aba:ru

NAdj

smooth-surfaced, clean (lacking hairs, etc.).

Mult:

w₁ara-waba:ru. 125.5.3pred.

Fact:

=w₁aba:ru-wa- to clean surface of (object).

ambal-waba:ru

or ambal-aba:ru bald (having clean head).

(Entry on page 170 of printed dictionary)

=abaralhara-

VIntrA2

to poke around (e.g., with a pole in river, to try to locate a crocodile). 104.3.2/3rdp.

(Entry on page 170 of printed dictionary)

-w₁abar=milha-

VIntrA2

(See =milha-).

(Entry on page 170 of printed dictionary)

=abi-

VIntrI1

to jump; to shift position quickly. 15.5.3ff., 17.3.5/7, 40.11.4, 41.17.4, 71.13.3, 111.4.8.

Rdp:

-aba:='bi- (homophonous to unreduplicated stem =aba:bi-, see above).

Mult:

-n^gara=gabi-, -n^garan=gabi-. 11.9.1/2, 35.12.3.

Mult:

of Caus: -w₁ara:='bi-jga-. 167.6.1 (problematic form)

-jan^ggal=abi-

to move (a short distance) on foot (e.g., to step out of a room).

-w₁uln^g=gabi-

(animal) to move out (from one zone to another).

Ex:

ana:-'rjambal wu-wuln^g=gabi-n^y a-ra:r-wuy 'The kangaroo moved out into the burnt-out grassland'.

-yiga:='bi-

(fire, i.e., spark) to jump up.

Cf:

=garaja-, =gala-bu-, =jarara-.

(Entry on page 170 of printed dictionary)

abidi

NcAnaWu

a place belonging to the N^galmi clan, containing a sacred grove of fruit trees.

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

abidi

or wabidi

NcAnaØ

large rays (general term).

NcAnaØ

sharks (general term).

Uncommon in both senses; sense 1 more common than sense 2.

Cf:

maln^gar.

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

=abidin^gudha-

VIntrA2

to calm down, become calm or quiet. 69.14.2.

Cf:

=mudadba-, =da:dha-.

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

=abin^yburda-

VIntrN^ga1

to protrude, stick out, bulge (e.g., something which is buried in sand but whose outline is visible). 11.6.5.

VTrA2

to bury or cover (in sand).

Possibly related to =burda-.

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

=abiraragi-

VIntrI1

(sky) to get light (in morning). Subject is Ana.

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

-abirin^y=bulwula-

VIntrA2

(See =w₂ulwula-).

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

-a=buda-

VIntrN^ga1

(See =w₂uda-).

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

abulu

NAdj

dirty (water), muddy (water); dusty. 1.6.4.

NcAnaWu

dust; muddy area (in water, after being stirred up).

ar-abulu

NAdj dirty (water or saltwater).

As cpd. initial: see =lhan^gadba-, =lharma-.

Cf:

lhagabunulg, gabala, and following entry.

Etym:

May contain -aG- 'ground'.

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

=abunuwunun^ygarma

VIntrA1

(water) to become muddied.

Cf:

preceding entry and other forms listed there.

Etym:

Form appears to be *-aG- 'ground' plus reduplicated stem *=b/wunun^ygarma-, itself possibly segmentable.

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

aburuyulyul

NAdj

wet, muddy (ground).

Etym:

May contain *-aG- 'ground'.

Cf:

preceding entries.

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

adha:dhari

NcAna(Adv),

rarely NAdj behind (someone or something else, esp. in motion). 4.5.5, 17.3.2, 33.3.2, 41.2.3, 45.7.1, 62.2.5, 68.4.4, 69.13.5, 112.3.2, 166.16.1, 168.5.3. As NAdj: 112.2.4 (with Mana class prefix).

malan^ga-gadha:dhari

quite a bit or somewhat behind. (-malan^gaG-)

mal-gadha:dhari

later time, subsequently. 74.3.2. (malG-)

Syn:

amagari (rare). Cf. =lhamara-, cpds. with -gari-.

For 'later (in time)' see wurugu.

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

adhagag

NcAnaWu

young bony bream fish, 'bonefish' (miliya). 64.1.4, 110.1.2.

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

=w₁adhalaliga-

VIntrA1

(person) to be oblivious (of danger, etc.), to be unconcerned or blithe (e.g., despite a dire warning or an unfortunate event); to not react; to not give a damn. 7.10.2, 10.17.4, 13.26.1.

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

=adhamaragan^yji-

VIntrI2

to do (something) together.

(Entry on page 171 of printed dictionary)

=wadhanga-

VIntrA1

to fill up (an area or container). 95.9.5.

Cf:

=damadhan-ga-.

(Entry on page 172 of printed dictionary)

wadhan^gani

NcAnaWu

shovel spear. (rare word)

Syn:

la:ma (common), etc.

(Entry on page 172 of printed dictionary)

=adhan^gujijura-

VTrA2

to incite, urge on (e.g., man in fight).

Etym:

May contain =jura- 'to push'.

(Entry on page 172 of printed dictionary)

=w₁

VIntrI1

to refuse, say 'no!' (rejecting request).

VTrI1

to refuse (person), to say 'no!' to (person).

-yan^g=gadha:ri-

to say 'no!' (verbally) to (person). Ex: n^gani-yan^g=gadha:ri-n^y 'He told me no.'

-maran^g=gadha:ri-

to refuse (person) by making a negative sign with the hand.

Cf:

next entry, also =lha:bi-.

(Entry on page 172 of printed dictionary)

=w₁adha:ri-mi-

VIntrI1

to say 'no!' (rejecting request).

-w₁urij=gadha:ri-mi-

to have one's doubts (about something said). Unusual derivative of preceding entry.

(Entry on page 172 of printed dictionary)

adhara

NAdj

few (in number); small amount. 13.6.3pred. malan^ga-gadhara rather few, rather small amount.

(Entry on page 172 of printed dictionary)

adharwara

NcAnaWu

late afternoon, dusk, twilight. 125.15.3, 162.1.4, 162.19.1.

Rdp:

adha:-'dharwara. 5.15.2 (with Allative -wuy), 163.19.5.

Inch:

=adharwara-ma- VIntrA1 'to become dusk' (subject is Ana class). 118.4.1rdp, 163.7.4.

Cf:

=amulugugura-.

(Entry on page 172 of printed dictionary)

=(w)adhin^gga-

VIntrA1

to stun (fish, with chemical poison, in small ponds). 139.12.3rdp.

Syn:

=w₁ajaliga-.

(Exact form needs checking; just one ex. in data)

(Entry on page 172 of printed dictionary)

adhiridhirig

NAdj

low-lying (area, land).

(Entry on page 172 of printed dictionary)

=adhuga-

VTrA1

to stab, to jab into. 17.8.3, 35.5.2, 71.24.3rdp, 73.3.2rdp, 88.3.7, 102.1.6, 117.2.3, 125.3.5, 131.3.2, 144.3.1, 161.25.4.

Ex:

n^gan^gga:='dhuga-n^y ana-mada 'The (blade of) grass jabbed or pricked me'.

Recip:

=adhuga-n^yji-. 73.3.5.

Rf:

jarg!. Cf. =ra-.

(Entry on page 172 of printed dictionary)

adhuwayu

or adhuwayun^g

NcAna(Adv)

for a while. 7.3.4.

Ex:

n^ga=ya:-ri: adhuwayun^gn^gijan^g n^gand=a:gi-n^y 'I am going (away) for a while, (then) I will come back again'.

Cf:

lhamungur (mal-dhamungur).

(Entry on page 172 of printed dictionary)

=w₁adhuwi-

VIntrI1

to be reluctant, unwilling.

(Entry on page 172 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ada-

VIntrA2

(bone) to break; (object) to snap, to break or collapse suddenly, to give way. 43.12.2.

Common in cpds. either in this form or as invariable rdp. -w₂ada=wada-:

-w₁ara-wada=wada-

to be aching (all over), to be exhausted (from hard work). 163.22.4 (punctual aspect).

-gulu=wada-

to go around corner, to turn a corner; to go into a corner. 166.29.1.

-dun-n^gu-gulu=wada-

(preceding cpd. plus -dun-) (water) forms a bay or inlet.

-mariyar=bada-

(person, animal) to make slight noises while walking on twigs and dried grass. (mariyarg)

-murn^y-bada=wada-

to make bubbles. (cf. murn^ymurn^y)

-n^gagara=wada-

(person, animal) to break a bone, to have a broken bone. 136.1.4, 137.1.3.

-lhuganda=wada-

(person, animal) to break one's leg. 136.1.1.

-ani=bada-

(fire) to be burning well, crackling, blazing (said of campfire). 96.2.2, 118.1.6. (anig)

Caus:

-ani=badi-(j)ga- VTrA1 to make (fire) burn well. 109.4.2rdp.

Possibly also present in =rarwadawada-.

(Entry on page 172 of printed dictionary)

=adada-

VIntrA2

to go up slope (esp. from edge of water up shore or bank). 14.14.4, 18.12.5, 18.14.2, 25.6.3/4, 26.2.2, 27.4.4, 111.3.3/5, 113.9.1, 162.4.4, 163.8.4, 167.2.3, 102.1.3.

Mult:

-n^gara=gadada-. 26.2.3, 20.5.5.

-lan=n^gadada-

to have one's knee out of the water, to be only about knee-deep in water. 27.6.2.

-w₁urij=gadada-

to go up slope. 162.5.2.

Cf:

arwar, arwagarwar, =w₂ida-. Opposite: =rararba-.

Related formally to transitive =adadi- (below), adadin.

(Entry on page 173 of printed dictionary)

=adadi-

VTrI1

to take (someone, something) up slope or onto shore. 125.2.2ff.

Functions as transitive form of preceding entry; cf. also following entry. Forms =adadi-n^y, =adadi-Ø can be from =adada-.

(Entry on page 173 of printed dictionary)

adadin

NcAnaWu

side of water (bank of river, shore of lake or sea). 41.20.2, 41.22.4, 102.1.5, 125.2.3.

Cf:

-n^garg-, dhagala:lij. Related to preceding entries.

(Entry on page 173 of printed dictionary)

adag

or wada^g

NcN^gara

black-striped grunter fish (a perch), Amniatibiapercoides.

Syn:

mandag.

(Entry on page 173 of printed dictionary)

wadanawadana

NcNa

brownish hawk sp. said to be smaller than gargaj (q.v.). Syn: baligujanigujani (less common).

(Entry on page 173 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ada=wada-

VIntrA2

(See =w₂ada-).

(Entry on page 173 of printed dictionary)

adbar

or wadbar

NcNa

grevillea with very long, thin leaves, Grevilleapteridifolia. Text 140.

(Entry on page 173 of printed dictionary)

=adbar-wu-

VTrMa1

to spill, to tip out (esp. nonliquid); to dump or throw down.

Ref1:

=adbar-wi-'-. 17.1.6.

-ru=wadbar-wi-'-

(person) to have one's tears drip down. 43.3.2/3.

Note that root takes form =wadbar-wu- in this cpd.; the w is not present in the simple form (n^gand=a:dbar-wa-n^g 'I spilled it'). Syn: =dhilila-.

(Entry on page 173 of printed dictionary)

=adi-

VTrI1

to take (object) out (usually from fire; also from water, from container). 117.2.5, 118.2.2, 119.4.4, 120.4.4,. 124.2.3, 125.3.6, 125.4.1rdp, 156.3.1 (water).

Cf:

=rabali-, =ma-. Opposite: =yaba-, =bura-.

(Entry on page 174 of printed dictionary)

adi

NcMana

road, path. 13.5.1, 40.1.5, 40.4.2, 40.13.5, 95.2.3, 163.7.6, 163.9.4.

As cpd. initial usually -w₁adi-: see =lharma-, =w₂awalha-, =yu-.

NCder:

track (of particular animal).

Cf:

mu:n 'foot' (hence 'footprint'), -dhagarijgaba:ban^yjuj, =lhan^ggarurbi-.

(Entry on page 174 of printed dictionary)

adija

NcAnaWu

one of the two local kurrajong tree spp., Brachychitondiversifolium. 42.2.1.

Other kurrajong: yarawug.

(Entry on page 174 of printed dictionary)

=w₂adja-

VTrA2

to hit (hard); to kill.

Used only as cpd. final, replacing =w₂u-.

Mult:

-w₁ara=wadja-. 93.1.5, 93.2.3, 97.5.2.

-ba=badja-

to hit (someone) in the eye. 71.9.4.

-gari=wadja-

to throw or shoot something behind (person).

-lhar=badja-

to hit (someone) with a stick.

-lam=badja-

to hit (person) on the top of the head. 16.10.4, 16.20.2. (la:n^g)

-mara=wadja-

(lightning) to strike (ground).

Ex:

niwu-mara=wadji-n^y ana:-'ban 'It (lightning) struck ground.'

Subject is implied yamin^yji (q.v.).

-rulbu=wadja-

to hit (someone) in the back. 7.15.1ff.

-w₁adji=wadja-

to kill (freshwater game). 59.7.3/5.

-ambal=wadja-

to hit (someone) on top of the head. 7.13.2ff., 83.1.3.

-ar=wadja-

(person) to hit (water), to land in (water). 161.7.5.

-w₁urij=badja-

to hit (person) in the chest. 7.16.6.

(Entry on page 174 of printed dictionary)

=adjara-

VTrA2

to clean (shellfish flesh). 103.2.5rdp.

(Entry on page 174 of printed dictionary)

-w₁adji-

Pref

freshwater game (tortoises, file snakes, etc.).

Used only as cpd. initial: see =lharma-, =w₂adja-.

Cf:

nun^ggariyiwuj.

(Entry on page 174 of printed dictionary)

=ada-

VIntrA2

to shout, to yell; (bird, flying fox, etc.) to call. 5.4.6, 3.2.2rdp, 18.13.7 (irregular rdp. punctual), 37.3.1, 65.12.3 (flying fox), 99.1.2 (bird), 161.5.3.

Benef:

-a=gada- to shout to (person, etc.). 3.3.3rdp, 7.14.4, 18.19.1ff., 69.4.3 (nonhuman indirect object), 161.22.1.

Recip:

of Benef: -a=gadi-n^yji-. 47.2.5.

(Entry on page 174 of printed dictionary)

w₂ada

NAdj

proficient or successful at gathering vegetable foods.

HumSg:

wada-yun^g. P1: normally unreduplicated wada to avoid confusion with noun wadawada. 116.3.7.

wada:-'ri

poor or unsuccessful food gatherer. (-ari)

Cf:

w₂alaj, manajgari, abal.

(Entry on page 174 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ada-

VTrA2

to knock, tap (hard or hollow object); to crack, break (shell, etc.). 29.1.4, 29.3.6, 65.3.5, 65.8.3.

Ref1:

of Benef: -a=badi-'-. 28.10.3.

-rulbu=wada-

to knock (something) on its back. 103.2.2.

Onomatopoeia (for tapsticks): dar!

Cf:

wilbilg, =w₂ilbila-.

(Entry on page 174 of printed dictionary)

adaba

Particle

just now; just then (temporal immediacy). Short variant: aba.

Discussed in Grammar.

(Entry on page 175 of printed dictionary)

=adabadaba:dha-

VIntrA2

(long time) to pass, to be a long time.

Subject is Ana class: 51.2.5.

Ref1:

=adabadaba:dhi-'- VIntrI1 (same translation).

Cf:

badag, w₂uguwuguni.

Related to next entry.

(Entry on page 175 of printed dictionary)

ada:bilhan^gu

NcAna(Adv)

long time, (for) a long time.

Related to preceding entry.

Cf:

badag, w₂uguwuguni.

(Entry on page 175 of printed dictionary)

wada:bir

NcWara

goanna lizards, especially the large sand goanna, Varanusgouldii. Text 25, 45.7.4, 58.3.3, 59.7.2, 93.1.3, 97.1.1.

Young:

wilamawilama. Colour form: rulbu-n^gain^galu.

Cf:

wuguj. Other goannas: gabayayag, galamu, jurgubadu, dabulun (some also with special juvenile terms).

Cf:

also =ijga-.

(Entry on page 175 of printed dictionary)

=ada:da-

VTrA2

to chew (something) noisily, sloppily, hurriedly. Ex: wa:='ri n^gaya n^gand=a:dada-n^g 'I do not chew (it) sloppily'.

In some forms (non-punctual) can be confused with rdp. -ada:='da- from (intransitive) =ada- 'to shout, call'.

(Entry on page 175 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)adada

or NAdj

This root possibly present etymologically in wurijgadada (q.v.).

(Entry on page 175 of printed dictionary)

=w₁adadarga-

VIntrA1

to make noises by stepping on twigs and dry grasses while walking.

Syn:

-mariyar=bada- (s.v. =w₂ada-).

Cf:

dar!.

Possibly related to dadarg.

(Entry on page 175 of printed dictionary)

=w₂adaddhi-

VIntrI1

-ragar=badaddhi-

to hold spear ready to throw, to brandish spear (with woomera). 69.5.1. (-ragarG-) Cf. =w₁alhalha-.

(Entry on page 175 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ada:digan^yji-

VIntrI2

(hair, rope) to get tangled up; (person) to be anxious, fretting (i.e., have brow furrowed or contorted).

-yal=ada:digan^yji-

(person, animal) to be unruly, badly behaved.

-yi=wada:digan^yji-

or -yi=yada:digan^yji (person) to have one's face furrowed or contorted (expression of anxiety or fretting).

NAdj derivative: see next entry.

(Entry on page 175 of printed dictionary)

-ada:-'digan^yju-j

NAdj

mun^g-ada:-'digan^yju-j

(having) tangled up or dishevelled hair. Derived from preceding entry.

(Entry on page 175 of printed dictionary)

adag

NcN^gara

a large rock-cod fish, said to resemble the groper fish (maldhana).

(Entry on page 176 of printed dictionary)

wadag

NcMana

algae, pond scum.

(Entry on page 176 of printed dictionary)

=adalaga:ga-

VTrN

to go with (person), to accompany. 95.8.8.

Cf:

-an^yji=ya- (s.v. =ya-).

(Entry on page 176 of printed dictionary)

=adalala-

VIntrA2

(person) to have a grim or serious look on his face.

Syn:

-yi=wura-.

(Entry on page 176 of printed dictionary)

w₁adalg

NcMana

waves (of water).

NCder:

hence (an-)u-gadalg waves (freshwater); ma-gadalg waves (saltwater). (Cf. gu:gu, lhagayag).

Distinct from w₂adalg (next entry).

(Entry on page 176 of printed dictionary)

w₂adalg

NAdj

set aside, reserved (food, etc.).

Cf:

=yadha-.

(Entry on page 176 of printed dictionary)

=adanda-

VTrA2

to send word or message to (person).

Recip:

=adandi-n^yji- to pass the word around. 47.2.1, 51.3.5.

(Entry on page 176 of printed dictionary)

wadawada

NcMana

jungle tree with very large leaves, Macarangatanarius.

(Entry on page 176 of printed dictionary)

w₂adawadad

NAdj

strong, firm, solid, hard. 47.14.1, 54.4.3, 123.2.2, 123.3.3, 127.3.1, 132.11.7pred, 161.26.1.

Mult:

w₁ara-wadawadad. 132.8.1pred.

Inch:

=w₂adawadan-ma-. 115.4.2, 163.1.5.

Fact:

=w₂adawadad-ga-. 132.4.3, 139.8.9, 157.7.2 (emend by adding = sign after prefix wiri), 157.15.2.

Benef:

of Fact: -wa:=badawadad-ga-. 45.6.3rdp, 45.8.1rdp (exact form and sense not clear). Contrast cpd. below.

a-badawadad

NAdj or NcAnaWu hard ground, solid earth. 97.3.1 pred, 18.6.5, 163.6.2pred, 164.3.5pred. (-aG-/-a- 'ground') -a=badawadad-ga- (Fact). 163.7.1.

(Cf:

possibly -a=wadawadan-ma- Inch, 116.6.1, but the connection to this form is doubtful.)

bari-wadawadad

NAdj strong walker, strong at walking.

-bari=wadawadad-ga-

(Fact). 157.15.1.

lhan^gun^y=badawadadNAdj or NcAnaWu strong (wind).

w₂an-badawadad

NAdj unfriendly, antagonistic, disgruntled.

Syn:

dambilharu, didid, nimbinimbi, lhurlhurg (all less common than w₂adawadad).

Opposite:

bil-wilwilu-j, ninig, mun^yur.

(Entry on page 176 of printed dictionary)

=w₂adbada-

VTrA2

to knock, tap, hit (hard surface). 52.6.4.

Etym:

Frozen rdp. of =w₂ada-, now formally dissociated.

(Entry on page 176 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ad=bara-

VTrA2

(See =w₂ara- VTrA2).

(Entry on page 176 of printed dictionary)

w₂adbir

NAdj

dry, dried-out; arid; cautious, careful (person). 108.2.2pred.

HumSg:

w₂adbir-yun^g. P1: wadba-wadbir.

Inch:

=w₂adbir-ma- (substance) to dry up. 47.16.4, 143.3.6.

a-badbir

NAdj dry (ground), esp. at end of dry season. 8.6.5, 18.6.4, 33.4.4, 108.6.5.

-a=badbir-ma-

(Inch) (ground) to dry up. 93.1.2.

NCder:

dried-up substance (of some object, e.g., honeycomb). (from a-badbir)

yam-badbir

NAdj reticent, taciturn, short on words. (ya:n^g)

Cf:

rarndar, ra:r, bujbuj, dadarg, =rira-, w₂ulbul.

111:

.2/3rdp. (exact form and meaning need checking; may be related to -w₂ad=bara-, s.v. =w₂ara-).

(Entry on page 176 of printed dictionary)

=w₁addha-

VIntrA2

to become stuck or bogged.

-mij=gaddha-

(person) to have something caught in his throat.

Related to =w₁adgaddha-. Syn: =yululba-. Cf. =n^gallha-, =w₂ardha-.

(Entry on page 177 of printed dictionary)

=w₂addhan^yji-

VIntrI2

to play with spear (dhi:ndi), throw toy spear.

(Entry on page 177 of printed dictionary)

=addhara-

VIntrA2

(wind) to die down, become still. 61.1.2.

Subject normally Ana class.

Syn:

=da:dha-, =badha-. Cf. =mudadba-.

-yan^g=gaddhara-

(person, crow, etc.) to make a harsh, squawking noise. Cf. =lhagarara-.

(Entry on page 177 of printed dictionary)

=w₁adgaddha-

VIntrA2

to become stuck or bogged.

Rdp:

-w₁adga:='dgaddha-.

Etym:

Frozen rdp. of =w₁addha-.

(Entry on page 177 of printed dictionary)

wadijirwadijir

NcAnaØ

small bird sp., perhaps a robin.

(Entry on page 177 of printed dictionary)

wadiri

NAdj

Wardirri (Yanyula, Anyuwa) person or language.

These people now live in and around Borroloola community.

(Entry on page 177 of printed dictionary)

adiya

NAdj

true (biological) mother (of particular child); expecting mother. (Not morphologically a kin term.)

HumSg:

adiyi-n^yn^g. P1: ada:-'diya.

Usual kin term for 'mother': see rigan^g, -w₂ibi(-yun^g).

(Entry on page 177 of printed dictionary)

=wadjar

or waar

NcAnaØ

small freshwater eel-tailed catfish sp.

(Entry on page 177 of printed dictionary)

=w₂adji-wu-

VTrMa2

(Past₁ =w₂adji-wa-n^y) to strike (person, etc.); to hurt; to throw spears at (in public punishment ordeal). 7.16.3rdp.

-w₁ara=wadji-wu-

to punish (person) by beating him.

-ragar=badji-wa-n^yji-

(Recip) to set up (sails, rigging of ship). 167.3.2rdp. Cf. =n^g arilaga-, =jiriraga-, =lhigiraga-.

-wala=wadji-wu-

VIntrMa2 (note intransitivity) (buffalo, wind) to make a thrust (attacking something). 162.14.1.

-an^ga=wadji-wu-

to touch or make marks on (ritual trench). 62.4.7.

(Entry on page 177 of printed dictionary)

-adu-

Pref

spear, spearing; wound (by spear or gun).

Used only as cpd. initial: see =bura-, =jura-, =n^gawi-'-, =malambi-, =rabi-, =ya-.

Cf:

larda, -w₁aran^ggay-, -ragarG-, =ra-.

(Entry on page 177 of printed dictionary)

aduga!

Interjection

Oh my! (indicates pleasure and surprise, used especially as affectionate word with children).

(Entry on page 177 of printed dictionary)

adumu

NAdj

(sea) at high tide.

Ex:

ma:='dumu 'Sea is at high tide'. Cf. yalgu, =an^ggari-, maduwa. Opposite: mulurgu.

(Entry on page 177 of printed dictionary)

wadun^ggu

NcWara

the less salient of the two local flying foxes (fruit-bats), Pteropusgouldii, 'black flying fox'.

Syn:

wangujba.

Other flying fox: malban^ggari.

(Entry on page 178 of printed dictionary)

-aG-

or -wa:G-

Pref

Benefactive prefix (indicates that the object marked in the verb is an indirect object).

Discussed in Grammar; note possible confusion with following item. In some contexts can also be confused with -ar-, -ay- (a:y).

(Entry on page 178 of printed dictionary)

-aG-

or -a-

Pref

ground, earth, dirt.

Used only as cpd. initial: see w₂adawadad, w₂adbir, w₂ulbul, =w₂uda-, perhaps ji:bug.

Note that many nouns (listed separately, above and below) of related meaning begin with a- and thus may well contain this element etymologically (aban, abulu, =abin^yburda-, agaduj, agalhargalharg, etc.).

Most closely related noun semantically is aban. Cf. aln^ga.

Easily confused with preceding entry in verb forms.

(Entry on page 178 of printed dictionary)

wa:g!

none

(sound of crow cawing). 12.9.1/2.

Cf:

wuwag, warbarg.

(Entry on page 178 of printed dictionary)

waga-

NcAna(Adv)

(See waga-y, wagi-yaj, waga-waga, wagi-yan^gu).

(Entry on page 178 of printed dictionary)

=w₂aga-

VTrN

or VTrA1 to build dam or fishtrap (maraga) across creek; to catch fish (by herding fish into basket in fishtrap). 25.4.2, 110.2.2, 110.2.2/3rdp, 110.3.7, 116.4.4.

Cf:

maraga, magul. Verbs: =andhaga-, =yin^gala-.

(Entry on page 178 of printed dictionary)

=agabijga-

VTrA1

or VTrN to make room for (person), to move out of the way of (person, object).

Ex:

wiri:='gadharga-n-di 'They moved away from it (fire, as it got hotter)'. Cf. next entry.

(Entry on page 178 of printed dictionary)

=agadharga-

VTrN

to stay away from (fire). 120.4.3.

Cf:

preceding entry.

(Entry on page 178 of printed dictionary)

agaduj

NAdj

deep (water). 20.18.1.

Syn:

agararij, alagararij.

(Entry on page 178 of printed dictionary)

-aga:G-

Pref

Cpd:

initial attested with =w₁urama- (q.v.), perhaps also present in =aga:gudha-.

(Entry on page 178 of printed dictionary)

wa-ga-ga:-'la

NcAna(Adv)

(on) the far side. 13.1.3, etc.

Belongs to a special reduplicated demonstrative construction discussed in Grammar.

(Entry on page 178 of printed dictionary)

=aga:gi-

VIntrI1

to go backwards. 21.6.5/6, 21.9.4, 28.9.3, 98.7.1.

Rdp:

-aga:='ga:gi-.

Synchronically distinct from rdp. of =a:gi-, but perhaps etymologically the same.

(Entry on page 178 of printed dictionary)

=aga:gudha-

VTrA2

to put (object) on platform.

Cf:

=w₁alamalha-, mun^ggala.

Etym:

Probably =w₂udha- plus cpd. initial -aga:G- (if so, this suggests that *=w₁udha- or *=gudha- is an older form).

(Entry on page 178 of printed dictionary)

-aga:=gurami-'-

VIntrI1

(See =w₁urama-).

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

-agajij-

Pref

Occurs as cpd. initial: see =a:ru-,=lharma-, ala:di, w₂iriwiri, arara.

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

=agajirgarada-

VTrA2

to be unable to find (someone, something).

Perhaps -a-gajirG=w₁arada-, cf. =w₁arada-, =w₁ajirbadja-.

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

-agalhal-

Pref

season (of year). (Cpds. are NcAna(Adv))

agalhal-alir

NcAna(Adv) hot ('sun') season. 98.5.1.

agalhal-mariga

NcAna(Adv) early (cool) dry season. (mariga 'southeast wind', the dominant wind in this season)

agalhal-anbana

NcAna(Adv) rain season.

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

agalhargalharg

NAdj

dense, impenetrable (jungle, thicket).

Ex:

wa:='galhargalharg ana-lhaganar 'The scrub is too dense (to walk through)'. Syn: dhirimudhirimu(g).

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

agalgi

NcAna(Adv)

yesterday; the previous day (with some reference time other than today). 114.1.2.

Cf:

agaray, yimbaj.

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

=agalawaja-

VIntrA2

to go across (river, road, etc.). 16.7.1/2, 16.8.3/4, 19.2.5, 20.1.6, 163.8.2/3/5, 163.20.5.

Cf:

transitive counterpart, next entry.

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

=agalawaji-

VTrI1

to take (someone, something) across. 30.4.1.

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

w₁agamamaga

NAdj

absent, not in the area. 95.2.4.

Less common than -ari.

Possibly related to mamaga.

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

=a:gamba-

VTrA1

to 'roast' (meat, etc.) in 'oven' (lhanda), i.e., covered by sand or dirt and by paperbark in pit with burning embers and stones or antmound sections. 37.2.1, 37.3.3, 95.6.4ff., 95.7.2rdp, 95.10.1ff., 112.6.1rdp, 114.8.2, 119.4.2, 119.4.2/3rdp, 125.2.4.

Ref1:

=a:gambi-'- (meat) to be cooking in oven.

-lhal=a:gamba

to make (oven) for roasting meat. 116.8.6.

Cf:

=na- 'to burn', =buddha-.

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

-aganimij-

Pref

As cpd. initial: see galij.

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

=agan^gura-

VTrA2

to support (person) in work or fighting.

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

=w₁agara-

VTrA2

to head for, go toward (place, person, etc.). 15.4.2, 15.13.2, 18.9.5, 18.10.2, 18.11.7rdp, 20.2.5, 47.15.2, 47.17.3, 113.4.4.

Recip:

=w₁agari-n^yji- to head for each other, converge. 47.3.4, 113.1.4/5.

Syn:

=raganma-. Cf. =w₁arada-.

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

=w₂agaralhi-

VIntrI1

to grope along.

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

=agarama-

VTrA3

to cause trouble for (person), e.g., by making it look as though that person had committed an offence.

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

agararij

NAdj

deep (hole, water); steep (hill, slope, valley).

Syn:

agaduj, alagararij (q.v. for discussion).

(Entry on page 179 of printed dictionary)

agaray

or (rarely) agaraj

NcAna(Adv)

tomorrow; the next day (after some other reference time). 47.19.1, 47.12.6, 52.5.1, 164.1.1.

Cf:

yimbaj, agalgi.

(Entry on page 180 of printed dictionary)

waga-waga

NcAna(Adv)

(well) to the south (locative). 47.21.4.

Related to waga-y, wagi-yaj, wagi-yan^gu.

(Entry on page 180 of printed dictionary)

wagay

NcAna(Adv)

southward. 18.8.6, 163.20.3.

Cf:

waga-waga, wagi-yaj, wagi-yan^gu.

(Entry on page 180 of printed dictionary)

=agi-

VTrI1

to go and collect (people, money, foods, etc.--most often people, for ritual). 47.16.2, 48.2.2, 55.2.3, 115.5.6, 163.17.4.

Syn:

=manda:gi- (perhaps *-man- plus *=agi-).

Easily confusable with next entry, cf. also =aga:gi-.

(Entry on page 180 of printed dictionary)

=a:gi-

VIntrI1

to go back, come back. 1.8.1, 1.9.3, 5.7.2, 7.17.1, 9.12.5, 18.1.5, 19.4.4, 21.10.3, 65.13.3, 163.5.4, 164.3.1rdp, and others.

Comfit:

-an^yji:='gi- to go/come back with (something). 5.18.1, 7.3.5.

Mult:

-n^gara=ga:gi- or -n^garan=ga:gi-. 35.9.1, 166.29.1.

Mult:

-w₁ara:='gi-. 116.10.2.

Caus:

=a:gi-jgi- VTrI1 to send (something) back, take or bring back. 18.2.3, 161.2.4, 164.1.5. (Cf. cpd. with -malG-)

-lharu=ga:gi-

to walk back, to go back on foot. (lharug)

-mal=ga:gi-jgi-

(Caus) to go back to get (something). (-malG-)

-yan^g=ga:gi-

to make an echo. (ya:n^g)

Do not confuse =a:gi- with =agi- (preceding entry); note that rdp. of both of these roots is -aga:='gi-, which is easily confused with =aga:gi- (listed separately).

(Entry on page 180 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)a:gidhu

NAdj

w₂an-ga:gidhu

cranky (person); acting strangely. (w₂a:n)

(Entry on page 180 of printed dictionary)

wa:gilag

NAdj

a Ritharngu-speaking clan, inland to the northwest of the Nunggubuyu. 169.1.6.

(Entry on page 180 of printed dictionary)

=w₂agiwa-

(occasionally =w₂agiya-)

VTrA1

to snap, break, break off (by bending, twisting, or pulling); to turn (boat); to hit hard; to divulge (confidential or secret information). 11.1.1, 47.7.4, 62.4.6, 59.2.2rdp, 58.2.2, 58.1.5, 130.1.1, 132.8.6rdp, 161.9.3.

-dan=bagiwa-

to hit (someone) hard in the guts. 6.3.2.

-n^gal=wagiwa-

or -n^gal=agiwa- to break off. 100.2.1, 100.3.5.

-n^gul=wagiwa-

to break off (spear shaft, at point where prongs separate from shaft). 104.2.2, 104.4.1.

-n^gagara=wagiwa-

to break or smash bones. 162.23.4. (shooting)

-waraga=wagiwa-

to hit hard in upper back. 6.3.3.

-yina=bagiwa-

to break or smash head (or prow) of. 70.3.2/3.

Cf:

=w₂ada-, =w₂alga-, =w₂adji-wu-, =w₂u-, =lhilgi-wu-.

(Entry on page 180 of printed dictionary)

wagi-yaj

NcAna(Adv)

southward, toward the south. 13.6.1, 20.1.6, 20.4.6, 25.2.4, 33.2.4, 47.1.2.

Cf:

waga-y, waga-waga, wagi-yan^gu.

(Entry on page 180 of printed dictionary)

wagi-yan^gu

NcAna(Adv)

from the south. 18.13.3, 47.20.6, 52.4.4, 166.13.3, 166.22.1.

Related to wagi-yaj, waga-y, waga-waga.

Ends in irregular ablative suffix.

(Entry on page 181 of printed dictionary)

=agulhan^yji-

VIntrI2

to race, move swiftly. 69.6.7, 166.2.1, 167.3.1, 167.7.2rdp.

Syn:

=argi-n^yji- (Recip. of =argi-). Cf. aldha.

(Entry on page 181 of printed dictionary)

=agurgan^yji-

VIntrI2

to set fires in bush. 59.6.3, 95.9.1, 95.10.7, 113.4.7, 166.16.3.

Cf:

-yiga=na-n^yji- (s.v. =na- 'to see').

Etym:

Benef. *-aG-, noun *wurg 'bushfire', Fact. *-w₁a-, Recip. *-n^yji- (i.e., 'to cause bushfires to exist for each other'). Cf. wurg.

(Entry on page 181 of printed dictionary)

wa:guru

NcNa

type of string armband, said to have been worn originally by the gilyirin^ggilyiri ancestral beings.

waguwagu NcMana coastal whistling tree, Casuarinaequisetifolia (uncommon word).

Syn:

aragin^y (common).

(Entry on page 181 of printed dictionary)

-w₂aj

Suff

(ordinary) Pergressive case suffix: along, through, by, in.

With verbs: 'while'.

Discussed in Grammar.

(Entry on page 181 of printed dictionary)

-w₁aj

Suff

(retrospective) Pergressive case suffix: back along, back through, back in.

With verbs: (back) when.

Discussed in Grammar.

(Entry on page 181 of printed dictionary)

-waj

-waj-baj

Suff

With independent pronoun: Focus form of pronoun.

Discussed in Grammar.

(Entry on page 181 of printed dictionary)

-w₂aj-

Nc/Pref

food (esp. flour, sugar, porridge, vegetables).

Used chiefly as cpd. initial: see =bura-, =na- 'to see', =w₂argu-, =w₂idhi-, =w₂arwargu-.

NCder:

(not common in this form)

Competes with -w₁an^yja- as cpd. initial. Noun: marya.

(Entry on page 181 of printed dictionary)

aja

NcAnaWu

half-grown member of a shark sp. (lhamalguru). 105.1.1. Very young: lhababaragu.

(Entry on page 181 of printed dictionary)

=aja-

VIntrA2

to cease (activity), to stop doing. 5.20.7, 60.3.6.

Ex:

=n^ga=maya:-' =n^ga:='ji-n^y 'I was singing, I stopped' (i.e., 'I stopped singing').

Ex:

=n^ga:='ji-n^y ana-work 'I knocked off work'.

Cf:

ja:dug, =in^yga-.

(Entry on page 181 of printed dictionary)

=w₁/w₂ajala-

VIntrA2

to pull out roots of ya:gun^y (a sedge, Scirpuslittoralis) and shake loose mud off them. 7.1.3, 7.1.4rdp, 7.3.1, 157.10.3/4.

(Entry on page 181 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ajaliga-

VIntrA1

to catch fish by throwing branches of certain chemically potent trees (lhan^ggi, nidhun^g, q.v.) into a small pond, stunning the fish; (less often) to catch fish in pandanus baskets. 107.1.1/4, 107.1.2rdp.

Cf:

= (w)adhin^gga-, =lan^ggala-.

(Entry on page 181 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ajalwura-

VIntrA2

to splash around in water.

Cf:

=rayiba-.

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

w₂ajar

NAdj

nonparticipant in fight; person who remains quietly on sidelines or tries to cool down or protect persons engaged in a fight. 17.16.2.

HumSg:

wajar-yun^g. P1: waja-wajar.

Cf:

wun^ga:ri.

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ajarara-

VYa

(Gloss and transitivity unclear; put here in the hope of future clarification.)

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

ajarawalwal

NAdj

or NcAnaWu dry (plain).

Ex:

wa:='jarawalwal 'It is a dry plain' (topography).

Cf:

wumayamaya, w₂adbir, rarndar.

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

=ajarga-

VTrA1

to miss (person or object, with thrown object); to throw (spear, etc.) past (someone, unspecified in verb), to miss with (spear, etc.). 11.12.5, 13.33.3, 13.35.2, 17.13.4rdp, 17.14.2, 69.5.3, 69.9.2.

Ex:

nima:='jarga-n^y 'He missed with it (spear); He threw it (spear) past target'. Cf. =w₁ajirbadja-, below.

-mij=gajarga-

to get name of (person, object) wrong. 25.12.5.

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

ajargalig

NcAnaØ

young barramundi fish (yin^ggulbandi).

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ajbari-

VIntrI1

to make a choice, to choose or claim (something) for oneself. 106.5.2.

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

=ajbi-

VTrI1

or =aj-bu- VTrMa1 to weave (object), to make (net, dillybag, etc.). 108.2.3, 108.2.3ff.rdp, 108.8.3, 156.2.6, 156.3.3, 157.8.3, 157.8.3rdp.

Cf:

mabur, =ma:jga-, =ma:ndha-.

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ajgi-

VIntrI1

to put things into coolamon (lhabara). 117.1.6.

Should be distinguished from =ijgi-.

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

-w₁aji-

Pref

(several things) together, mixed together.

Attested as cpd. initial: see =n^gu-, =yala-, =yala-.

Should be distinguished from =w₁adji-, another cpd. initial

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

=ajidaga-

VTrA1

to give a small or inadequate thing to (person).

Ref1:

=ajidagi-'- to get or receive a trivial or inadequate thing or quantity.

Cf:

=manbaga-. Usual word for 'give': =yi-/=w₁u-.

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ajilga-

VIntrN

to go through. 21.8.1/2.

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ajirbadja-

VIntrA2

to miss (with thrown object).

Cf:

=ajarga-.

Perhaps analysable as -w₁ajirG- plus =w₂adja- 'to hit' (q.v.); for the initial segment compare =agajirgarada-.

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

=ajirbarga-

VIntrA4

to throw (something) wildly. Cf. =w₂arga-.

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

ajulu

NcAnaWu

skeleton, bones of dead person.

P1:

aja:-'julu. 40.7.5.

Cf:

n^gagara, -manabun-, badirin^ya.

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

=w₂alha-

VIntrA2

(See =w₂awalha-). Distinct from =w₁allha-.

(Entry on page 182 of printed dictionary)

w₁alhaga=lharma-

VIntrA3

(See =lharma-).

(Entry on page 183 of printed dictionary)

=w₁alhalha-

(preferred form), sometimes heard as =w₁alala- (also variants with w₂)

VIntrA2

to hold spear in hand with woomera, shaking them (as if just about to throw spear). 12.7.1, 153.1.6.

Cf:

-ragar=badaddhi- (s.v. =w₂adaddhi-).

-w₁ara=galhalha-

(same gloss, intensive).

-yina=galhalha-

to shake one's head.

(Entry on page 183 of printed dictionary)

=w₁alhara-

VTrA2

to stab or jab (with spear, knife, etc.); to poke.

Used chiefly in cpds., underlying form usually =w₁alhara- but sometimes =galhara- (-ar=galhara-, -n^gulha=galhara-):

-ba=galhara-

to stab or pierce the eye of.

Ref1:

-ba=galhari-'- to stab one's own eye. 14.19.2. (-baG-)

-lili=galhara-

(water, etc.) to make (person, direct object) feel queasy or bloated. 10.7.1/2. (initial not otherwise attested, presumably -liliG-).

-mun=galhara-

to jab or hurt the foot of (person). 102.1.5.

-n^gulha=galhara-

to poke a hole through the blade end of spear shaft. 153.1.3rdp. (-n^gulha-)

-(w₁)aban=galhara-

to pierce (ground). 13.39.2, 13.40.4, 121.1.2.

Cf:

-(w₁)aban=balga-, =lhida-.

-wala=galhara-

to poke at (coffin) in mortuary ritual. 52.3.1. (Do not confuse with next compound.) (walag)

-w₁ala=galhara-

or -w₁alwa=galhara- to stab or poke in the neck. 18.19.2, 19.4.2, 19.4.2rdp. (Cf. preceding cpd.) (See alwag.)

-w₂anja=(w)alhara-

to stab or poke in the arm.

-ar=galhara-

to drill for (water). Cf. =gudi-. (-ar-)

-w₁urij=galhara-

to stab or poke in the chest.

-yimun^y

=galhara- to stab or poke in the snout. 112.4.4.

Cf:

=w₂alga-, =w₂agiwa-, =w₂u-, =adhuga-, =ra-

(Entry on page 183 of printed dictionary)

=w₂alhi-'-

VIntrI1

(See =w₂awalha-).

(Entry on page 183 of printed dictionary)

alhilhi

NcNa

sea-sponge (light substance often found washed up on beach).

(Entry on page 183 of printed dictionary)

=w₁a:lhuda-

VIntrA2

(apparently also VTrA2) to clean up ground (preparing to make campsite). 28.13.2, 146.1.1 (apparent Tr ex. is 55.3.5).

Benef:

-a=ga:lhuda-. 16.21.4/5.

(Entry on page 183 of printed dictionary)

-w₂al-

Nc/Pref

stem, trunk; tough, fibrous, stem-like leaf. Possibly same as -wal- 'leg' (cpds. s.v. ninig, ji:bug).

Can be used as cpd. initial: see –w₂al-wara=ra- (s.v. =ra-).

NCder:

108.1.1/2 (ni-bal), 115.1.6 (ma-bal). Cf. abal, madbal.

(Entry on page 183 of printed dictionary)

ala

Particle

all right?

(Tag-question

form after imperative or suggestion, designed to elicit addressee's agreement; discussed in Grammar.)

Cf next entry.

(Entry on page 183 of printed dictionary)

ala

NcAnaWu

river. 8.6.5, 14.1.3, 30.5.5, 33.4.1, 34.4.1, 97.5.4, 102.1.3, 144.2.2/3.

Optional rdp. plural: ala:-'la.

ala-wirig

NcAnaWu small river.

P1:

ala:-'la-wura:yun^g. (See w₂irig, w₂ura:yun^g).

As cpd. initial: see also =lharma-. Cf. near-homophonous

-wala-

and wala, below.

Cf:

w₂anda, -lan^ggu-.

(Entry on page 183 of printed dictionary)

=ala-

VTrA2

(Variant of =ila-/=yila-).

See also (near-)homophonous entries below, including =w₁a:la-.

(Entry on page 184 of printed dictionary)

w₁ala

NcAnaWu

midriff (flesh under ribs on side of body).

As cpd. initial: do not confuse with ala or -wala- (this and preceding pages).

(Entry on page 184 of printed dictionary)

-wala-

Pref

Occurs as cpd. initial with =w₂adji-wu-. Possibly identical to w₁ala, preceding entry.

(Entry on page 184 of printed dictionary)

=w₁

ala- or =ala-

VIntrA2

Attested only in cpds.:

-mun=gala-

to leave footprints or tracks. 95.1.3rdp.

-malan^y=gala-

(fish) to have fins visible (i.e., sticking out of water). 110.1.1.

-raman=n^gala-

to be decorated with painted emu down and feathers (raman). 39.1.2 (also listed under =n^gala- above).

If -raman=n^gala- does belong with these other forms, it points to root =ala- (with epenthetic n^g); taken by themselves the other two cpds. point to =w₁ala-, though =ala- could be allowed as a minor irregularity. Distinct from =w₁a:la-, below.

(Entry on page 184 of printed dictionary)

-w₁ala

Suff

from (Ablative case suffix).

(Entry on page 184 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ala-

VIntrA2

to arrive (at a place, esp. a camp). 1.3.3, 5.11.6, 15.7.4, 18.10.7, 40.5.4/5, 47.23.5rdp, 161.12.3/5, 161.26.2 (boat), 163.17.4, 166.17.2. Rf: wa!. Cf. =rabala-.

Mult:

-n^gara=bala-. 40.8.1ff., 52.4.2, 166.17.4.

Mult:

-w₁ara=wala-. 161.26.2 (equipment).

Comfit:

-an^yji=wala- to arrive with (something). 7.7.1.

-badijan=bala-

to become angry or violent. (Cf. =yilbala- for form.)

-gal=bala-

(honey bees) to arrive. (-galg-)

-a-dhal=wala-

(See discussion of -a-dhal=wala- s.v. =w₂ala-).

Avoid confusion with =w₁ala-/=ala-, above, or =w₁a:la-, below.

Note that =w₁a:la- loses the no vowel in rdp.form.

(Entry on page 184 of printed dictionary)

=w₁a:la-

VTrA2

to put (several things) together (e.g., yams or other collected foods in a heap); to bring (people) together. 161.31.2rdp, 166.27.4.

Rdp:

w₁ala:='la- or w₁ala=(w)ala- (note short vowels).

Recip:

=w₁a:li-n^yji- to come together. 48.2.3rdp.

Mult:

w₁ara=wa:la- 166.13.3, or w₁ara=ga:la- 166.13.4.

Cf:

=agi-, =munduwa-n^yji-, =munduga-.

Easily confused with preceding items (notably =w₂ala- and =w₁ala-/=ala-, esp. in rdp. form with loss of vowel length).

Can also be confused with =yala- because w₁ becomes y in most cases after prefix ending in i.

(Entry on page 184 of printed dictionary)

ala:di

NAdj

bad. 18.19.4, 20.7.2pred, 47.13.3pred, 139.15.2pred, 161.13.3pred.

P1 (human and nonhuman): ala:-'la:di. 98.2.3/4pred.

Inch:

=ala:di-ma- to become bad. (uncommon, see below).

Fact:

=ala:di-wa- or =ala:di-ya- to make (something) bad. 47.4.6, 167.22.4/5.

Ref1:

of Inch: =ala:di-wi-'- or =ala:di-yi-'- to become bad, be ruined. (Functions like Inch, more common than =ala:di-ma-, see cpds. below.)

As cpd. final with nuclear noun as initial: see lamabu.

ba-gala:di

blind (having bad eyes), half-blind. 40.2.2pred, 47.13.3pred, 69.9.1. (-baG-)

lhamij-gala:di

bad-tasting. 117.4.3pred.

Cf:

w₁ayag.

lhawu-wala:di

bad (speech, words). 69.3.4pred.

lan^g-ala:di

touchy, irritable, easily angered.

-manda=gala:di-ya-

to ruin all (in group). 7.24.6. (Fact, with -mandaG-).

mud-gala:di

silent, reticent, quiet (person).

HumSg:

mud-gala:di-n^yun^g. P1: mu-mud-gala:di.

mun-n^gala:di

having bad feet.

ra:-'la:di

having bad teeth. P1: ra:-'la:-'la:di. 122.4.3.

run^g-ala:di

unenthusiastic, not lively (person).

agajij-gala:di

bad, improper.

-agajij=gala:di-wa-

(Fact) to ruin, make things bad for. 34.8.2/4.

-w₁ala=gala:di-yi-'-

(Ref1. of Fact) to have one's throat go bad, to lose one's formerly good singing voice. 67.1.3.

(See alwag.)

w₁alamin-gala:di

inactive, lethargic (person).

w₁anbur-gala:di

unattractive (in appearance), bad-looking.

(-w₁anburg-)

w₂un^ggan^y-gala:di

bad dancer, bad at dancing.

w₁urij-gala:di

unhappy, sad.

-yan^g=ala:di-yi-'-

(Ref1. of Fact) to have one's voice go bad, to have a bad (singing) voice.

yi:-'1a:di

having an ugly face.

Note:

Most of these cpds. can form plurals by replacing ala:di with its rdp. plural ala:-'la:di (hence yi:-'la:-'la:di, w₁urij-gala:-'la:di, etc.), but note special P1 for mud-gala:di.

Opposite:

ambalaman, mamalan^g.

(Entry on page 185 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)alag

NAdj

Attested only in these cpds.:

n^gunin^y-galag

NAdj sexually aroused, horny.

amba:-'mbuli-j-galag

NAdj shy, modest; ashamed. (cf. =ambula-)

w₂un^ggan^y-galag

NAdj good dancer. Opposite: w₂un^ggan^y-gala:di, above, this page.

(Entry on page 185 of printed dictionary)

=(w₁)alaga-

VTrA1

-gal=galaga-

(flowers) make (bees) happy, excite (bees). 98.4.6. (-galg-)

(Entry on page 185 of printed dictionary)

=walagagara-

VIntrA2

(flood, river) to flow, to run.

Cf:

warajara, n^gugu, ala.

May contain =ara-.

(Entry on page 186 of printed dictionary)

=w₁alagalan^yji-

VIntrI2

to carry (something) along; to hold something. (not very common)

Cf:

=w₂anaga-, =nima-, =w₂argu-.

(Entry on page 186 of printed dictionary)

=w₁alagalari-

VTrI1

to carry; to hold. (uncommon)

Cf:

preceding entry and vocabulary there.

(Entry on page 186 of printed dictionary)

alagararij

NAdj

deep (water, etc.).

Syn:

agaduj, agararij.

Probably related to agararij (perhaps contains ala 'river').

(Entry on page 186 of printed dictionary)

w₂alaj

NAdj

good or successful hunter. 143.16.5/6pred.

HumSg:

wala-jun^g. P1: wala-walaj.

w₂alaj-gari

NAdj no good or unsuccessful hunter. (-ari)

Syn:

of w₂alaj-gari : manajgari.

For other similar words see abal, lamabu, lhamugar, etc.

(Entry on page 186 of printed dictionary)

=w₁/w₂alala-

VIntrA2

(See =w₁alhalha-).

(Entry on page 186 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ala:lara-

VIntrN^gal

to be aloft (up on platform, in tree, etc.)

Less common than =w₂udha-, cf. also =w₁alamalha-, =mun^ggala-dha-, mun^ggala.

-lhan^ggu=wala:lara-

(meat) to be up (on platform, etc.).

-nuga:='la:lara-

(stone) to be up (in tree, etc.)

-man=gala:lara-

(two or more) to be up (in tree, etc.).

VTrA2

to put up (in tree, etc.).

Cf:

=lalaga-, =gujguji-, etc.

(Entry on page 186 of printed dictionary)

=w₁alaldha-

VIntrN^gal

to float. 18.2.4, 18.3.3, 18.6.1, 18.7.6, 166.9.4.

Syn:

=rijbi-. Cf. =w₁allha-.

-ran^ga=galaldha-

(wood) to float. (ran^gag)

-wargal=galaldha-

(puddles) to form on ground. 98.8.7. (wargalg)

VTrA2

to float (something), to cause (something) to float.

(Entry on page 186 of printed dictionary)

=alali-

VTrI1

to pick up (large number of items, from floor or ground). 112.5.6rdp.

Cf:

=ma-, =raga- 'to pick up'.

(Entry on page 186 of printed dictionary)

=w₁alamalha-

VIntrN^gal

to be on top (of flat surface, in tree, or on platform). 13.11.1, 43.2.2, 43.3.6, 43.5.5, 170.2.1/3.

Syn:

=w₂udha-, =mun^ggala-dha-, =w₁ala:lara-. Cf. also =landhirn^ginda-.

-ragal=galamalha-

to have a high voice. (ragalg)

VTrA2

to put up (on flat surface, etc.). 97.2.2.

(Entry on page 186 of printed dictionary)

alamarj

NcAnaØ

or NcAnaWu freshwater (whaler) shark.

Syn:

wujinma. Cf. yigama.

NCder:

ray(s), beam(s) of light (of particular celestial body - sun, moon, star). Attested as n^gari-galamarj NcN^gara rays of sun (ad dawn or sunset), cf. alir.

(Entry on page 186 of printed dictionary)

alan^yan

NcMana

cement made from sap of ironwood tree (yirbara) or of cypress pine (yimbid).

NCder:

cement-like substance (of particular object). 143.5.4 (war-u-galan^yan, of a honey bee sp.).

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

alariri

NcAnaØ

peregrine falcon (a hawk).

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

walar

NcNa

march fly (stinging fly sp.).

Covers several spp. including small march flies, but refers mainly to the large march fly, Tabanusstrangmanni.

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

=(w₁)alarma-

VIntrA1

-w₁ala=galarma-

to become bad in the throat (lose good singing voice). 67.1.4. (See alwag.)

Syn:

see cpds. of ala:di.

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

w₂alawalamag

NAdj

right-handed.

HumSg:.walawalama-jun^g.

Opposite:

balajagu, man^gandayayagu.

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

alawuj

NcAnaWu

skin irritation, rash.

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

w₂albalg

NAdj

wide. Possibly related to =w₂aldha-.

ran^ga-balbalg

wide, broad (stick). (ran^gag)

NcNa

dart (marine fish, Chorinemus spp.). 105.2.2.

Syn (as fish name): wandhalayun^g, yarwari. (wide-bodied fish)

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

walbalgi

NcN^gara

horse and rider (with saddle).

Cf:

yaraman.

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

=w₂albalma-

VIntrA3

to climb up (tree, etc).

Cf:

=w₂ida-. Cf. also =w₁alamalha- and synonyms.

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

albalan^g

NcAna(Adv)

(Variant of n^galbalan^g).

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

walbin

NcMana

forked stick, (used in mun^ggala platform).

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

-albun^guN-

Pref

both (together). Cf. =ya-, =jaryara-.

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

alburun^ggu

NcMana

plains turkey (bustard). 163.9.3.

Young:

da:gi (Eng. loan), n^gandug.

NcMana

tree used for firesticks, mainly Clerodendrumcunninghamii, sometimes interchanged with terms for C.

floribundum (buduga, lhuruman). 137.1.3.

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

aldha

NcNa

race.

Ex:

bani=na-yi: na-aldha 'Look at the race!'

As cpd. initial –w₁aldha-: see =yirbi-.

Cf:

=argi-n^yji-1(Recip. of =argi-), =agulhan^yji-.

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

=w₂aldha-

VIntrA2

(person, object) to be stretched out; (blanket, etc.) to be laid out.

-ana=waldha-

to have arm or wing(s) stretched out. 10.8.3.

-yina=baldha-

to hold head stretched out forward, to crane neck (and head) forward.

Probably related to w₂albalg. Cf. next entry and warambaldhu.

Cf:

=murgulha-, =mun^ymulha-.

(Entry on page 187 of printed dictionary)

=w₁aldha-

VTrA2

A root possibly extractable from =n^yin^ygaldha- (q.v.).

For =w₂aldha- see preceding entry.

(Entry on page 188 of printed dictionary)

w₁aldhaaldhan

or w₁aldha:ldhan

NAdj

separated, apart. (not common)

Cf:

w₁urag, w₁algal.

(Entry on page 188 of printed dictionary)

=w₁aldhin^ggi-

VIntrI1

to jump around (e.g., man dodging spears).

Cf:

=garaja-, =abi-, =manimaja-.

(Entry on page 188 of printed dictionary)

=w₂a:lga-

VTrN

to sneak up to (person, animal). 104.1.3, 112.2.1.

Cf:

midarg, =dulwa-.

(Entry on page 188 of printed dictionary)

=w₂alganma-

VTrA1

to give many things to (person, direct object); to be liberal or munificent to, to bestow profusely on.

Ex:

num=balganma:-' 'You gave it (e.g., pet wallaby, n^gargu) a lot (of fodder)'.

Cf:

=yi-/=w₁u-.

(Entry on page 188 of printed dictionary)

-w₂algara-

or -w₂algaragara-

Pref

all, everyone.

Uncommon Mult. prefix used with =ra-.

Appears to contain w₁ara-, -w₁aragara- (other Mult.

prefix allomorphs, used with other verbs); cf. also -lhagara-.

(Entry on page 188 of printed dictionary)

walgay

NcAnaWu

old-fashioned spear with three wooden prongs, similar to wingil, used mainly for spearing freshwater fish. 69.8.2/5.

(Entry on page 188 of printed dictionary)

=w₂algira-

VIntrA2

to make a continuous noise.

Cf:

=lhagarara-, =n^gururuwa-.

(Entry on page 188 of printed dictionary)

-w₂algu-

Nc/Pref

cord, strap.

NCder:

attested as (an-)u-balgu NcAnaWu umbilical cord.

(Entry on page 188 of printed dictionary)

algur

NAdj

kinsman, relative.

HumSg:

algur-u^yun^g. 69.2.3. P1: alga:-'lgur.

Recip:

of Inch: =algur-ma-n^yji- VIntrI2 (two or more persons) to be related to each other (by kinship ties).

Cf:

jawina, milg. (irregular verbal derivative)

NAdj

(?, used mainly without affixes).

Occurs in expression algur-yan^gi or (fuller form) algur a-yan^gi 'all, kinds (of something)' (literally an interrogative, something like 'what kinds?'). Form algur-yan^gi attested 9.8.1, 14.2.4, 29.12.4, 35.12.2, 139.5.3, 155.2.1, 163.16.3. Long form algur a-yan^gi in 170.3.6. Form ara-algur-yan^gi with Mult. prefix w₁ara-in 167.21.3.

Cf:

also derivatives of an^ybaj.

(Entry on page 188 of printed dictionary)

walibalig

NcAnaWu

a shellfish sp.

(Entry on page 188 of printed dictionary)

-w₂alij

Suff

couple, pair. (especially: married couple).

Ex:

dhudabadi-n^yum-balij 'white couple (husband and wife); pair of whites (not necessarily husband and wife)'.

Other exx.: see mandha:yun^g, (y)irija.

Possibly related to following item, but w₂ (rather than w₁) initial segment requires explanation in this case (analogy from Dual suffix =w₂a:?). Cf. Ngandi -galic 'other(s)'.

(Entry on page 188 of printed dictionary)

ali-jij

(dyadic) husband-and-wife couple.

P1:

mij-gala-jij.

Dyadic form of gulgu and related forms.

Root appears to be (-w₁)aliG-. See discussion of preceding item.

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

aliyun^g

Particle

all right? 143.11.2.

Tag-question

marker after imperative or suggestion, like ala.

Discussed in Grammar. Cf. yu:ga.

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

=w₁aljarba-

VIntrA2

to travel (to remote place). 71.2.1.

Cf:

=ya-, =jarara-.

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

waljawaljiri

NcAnaWu

bloody wound (e.g., from spearing). 73.3.3.

Cf:

ji:ji, yaralali.

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

waljurig

or waljurij

NcWara

frilled lizard, Chlamydosauruskingii. 93.1.5. Young: gangulugulu (Wara).

Name of human ancestral figure in myth: 15.4.5, 16.1.2.

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

=w₁allha-

VIntrA2

to be light in weight; to be bouyant, to float up (in air or water).

Mult:

-n^gara=gallha-. 18.15.5 (catfish people, in myth).

Mult:

with internal rdp.: -w₁ara-gallha:='llha-. 100.2.5(ants).

-lhan^g=gallha-

to have very light feet.

-w₂an=gallha-

to be afraid or frightened.

Derivative of this last cpd.: see wanga-wan-gallhu-j.

Cf:

=rijbi-, =w₁alaldha-, -dir=n^gawi-'- (s.v. =n^gawi-'-).

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

-w₁alma-

Nc/Pref

nest (esp. of flying fox, occasionally of bird).

As cpd. initial: see =w₂udha-.

NCder:

most common form ni-galma NcNa nest of flying fox (malban^ggari).

Usual word for 'nest': a:y. Cf. also gulmun^g, nigaburg.

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

walmadha

NcAnaWu

thin fog or mist. 13.42.2.

Syn:

wu:ji, wunurunuru.

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

almagara

or walmagara

NcAnaØ

small freshwater fork-tailed catfish, probably Hexanematichthysberneyi. 105.4.2.

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

alman

NcMana

wax or cement made from sap of manba tree.

Cf:

alan^yan.

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

almarug

or (rarely) walmarug

NcAnaØ

friarbirds, esp. silver-crowned friarbird.

Young:

galmarug.

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

almaraba

or (less often) walmaraba

NcMana

blue swimmer crab, Portunuspelagicus.

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

=w₂almbalndha-

VTrA2

to discuss (a matter), to talk about. 69.16.3rdp.

Etym:

Appears to be frozen reduplication, perhaps of *=baln-dha-.

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

-w₂alm=bula-ga-

VTrA1

(See =w₂ula-).

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

=walmida-

VIntrA2

(star, miyiri) to shine.

(Entry on page 189 of printed dictionary)

-w₁almun^y-

Nc/Pref

NCder:

honey bee.

Cf:

-galg-, lagu.

(Entry on page 190 of printed dictionary)

walmurun^g

NcAnaWu

small rainforest shrub with edible fruits said to be current-type, like those of Vitexglabrata (wu:n^g).

(Entry on page 190 of printed dictionary)

waln^gari

NcAnaWu

salmon fish, Eleutheronematetradactylum (perhaps also Polydactylusplebeius). 59.8.4, 105.4.1, 113.10.4.

Similar to julurbi, but the latter has much longer 'tassels' (streamer-like pectoral fins).

(Entry on page 190 of printed dictionary)

wain^gawain^garig

NcAnaWu

diamond trevally (large marine fish), Alectisindica.

(Entry on page 190 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ain^ggalndha-

VIntrA2

to go hunting (on land, without using bush fires). Variant: =w₁angandha-.

(Entry on page 190 of printed dictionary)

=walwalja-

VTrA2

to have a fight over (person or object, direct object). 5.20.4.

Cf:

wun^ga:ri.

(Entry on page 190 of printed dictionary)

=alwarwara-

VIntrA2

to twitch legs (common movement in wun^gubal dances). 25.1.2rdp.

(Entry on page 190 of printed dictionary)

-w₁/w₂alwara=ra-

VTr

(See =ra-).

(Entry on page 190 of printed dictionary)

a:l

NcMana

wooden floater attached to rope connected to spike of dugong harpoon (radhar).

With noun-class prefix usually the vowel cluster is not contracted: mana-a:l, ama-a:l.

As cpd. initial: see =barawuda-, =ara-, =yarba-.

(Entry on page 190 of printed dictionary)

-w₁al-

or –w₁ala-

Pref

(For –w₁al=n^gu-, -w₁ala=n^gu- see =n^gu-).

See also alwag for prefix-w₁alag-. 1

(Entry on page 190 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ala-

VTrA2

to apply or rub (something, not specified in verb)

on (direct object); to paint. 53.4.4/6, 142.5.6, 150.1.1

Recip:

=w₂ali-n^yji-. 43.1.3. Also 'stop self (from doing something)'.

-w₁ara=bala-

(person) to paint or smear (body, object); (substance) to be smeared on (surface); (person, animal) to brush against (other person or animal). 37.4.5, 43.3.4, 138.4.2, 138.4.2rdp.

Recip:

w₁ara=bali-n^yji-. 43.6.4.

-ran^ga=bala-

(gum, etc.) to be (smeared) on surface of tree. 121.1.2/3.

-lhamunu=wala-

to paint (someone) on the chin.

Ref1:

-lhamunu=wali-'-.

-maram=bali-n^yji-

(Recip) to paint (or rub something on) each other's hands.

-w₂anja=wali-n^yji-

(Recip) to paint each other's arms. 43.1.3.

-a-dhal=wala-

to come to the country of (person). 16.10.1, 16.20.1 (form and meaning not fully clear, very possibly a mistranscription of -a-dhal=wala- with =w₂ala- 'to arrive').

Syn:

=w₂al-bu- (q.v. for other vocabulary.

Distinct from =ala- (following entry); possibly connected with =w₁arawala-.

(Entry on page 190 of printed dictionary)

=ala-

VTrA2

to scratch (something).

Ex:

n^gand=a:li:-' 'I will scratch it (AnaØ)'.

Mult:

-w₁ara:='la- to scratch all over.

(Entry on page 191 of printed dictionary)

walabalag

NcAnaWu

hollow log/tree. (Uncommon, see walag NcAnaWu).

(Entry on page 191 of printed dictionary)

w₂alabalamij

NAdj

thin.

Syn:

w₂ala-yarayara (s.v. yarayara), yulug, a-n^g u-ji:bug (s.v. ji:bug), jagarabadjag.

(Entry on page 191 of printed dictionary)

=w₁aladha-

VIntrN^gal

to stand broadside (to something); to stand across (blocking a line of movement); to form a line or row (broadside to something). 13.34.3, 16.18.4, 163.14.5.

-gal=galadha-

(honey bees) to form a line, to line up. Attested with internal rdp. as -gal-gala:='ladha-. 98.4.5. (-galg-)

-lhagar=galadha-

to line up. (-lhagarG-)

-lhaj=galadha-

(chopped wood or wooden object) to lie across. 13.24.4, 13.34.3.

-mal=galadha-

to be late at night, time to sleep. (-malg-)

Ex:

wu-mal=galadha-n^ga-n^y 'It was late night, time to sleep'.

-mari=waladha-

(tracks or traces of something) to form a line (across path, etc.).

-mun=galadha-

(foot or footprints) to lie across.

-nuga=waladha-

(rock) to lie across path, to form a solid front. 15.6.6.

-rulbu=waladha-

to be across the back (body part). 13.42.2rdp.

-yamar=galadha-

to have one's side facing (something). 13.33.4.

(-yamarg-,

from yamar).

-yan^g=galadha-

to interrupt a fight by speaking.

Possibly also present in =yiraladha-, =lhan^garaladha-

Syn:

=lhagardha-, =malmalgi-, =lhaayi-.

Transitive counterpart: following entry.

(Entry on page 191 of printed dictionary)

=w₁aladhi-

VTrI1

to lay (something) across (path, line of motion, etc.). 71.19.1.

Functions as Caus. of preceding entry.

(Entry on page 191 of printed dictionary)

walag

NcAnaWu

hollow log or tree (hollowed by termites or ants); coffin made from hollow tree. 47.2.6, 43.15.6, 50.6.2, 52.2.1, 52.3.6, 52.5.7, 170.3.3. Syn: walabalag.

NcMana

coffin made from hollow tree. 51.4.3/6, 62.3.4ff.

There seems to be a tendency to use Mana class in the sense 'coffin' and AnaWu in the sense 'hollow tree', but some fluctuation occurs.

As cpd. initial: see =w₁alhara-, =arara-, =w₂awalha-, w₂a-wawalhu-j, =yabi-'-jga- (s.v. =yaba-).

Easily confused as cpd. initial with -w₁alag-/w₁alwag- 'neck' (cf.independent noun alwag).

(Entry on page 191 of printed dictionary)

-w₁alag-

or -w₁alwag-

Pref

(Form taken by alwag 'neck' as cpd. initial).

Cf:

preceding entry.

(Entry on page 191 of printed dictionary)

alagala

NcAna(Adv),

rarely NAdj halfway (between two points, in journey), along the route, along the way. 1.4.3, 2.5.6, 22.2.2, 28.2.2, 33.4.4, 100.4.4/5, 131.2.5, 163.1.4.

Infrequent NAdj use: ni=yalagala ni=bura:-' 'He is sitting (staying) along the way'.

False ex. as cpd. initial 67.1.3 reflects momentary confusion with -w₁alag- 'throat'.

mal-galagala

(See -malG- 'times').

NCder:

attested as human noun (war-)u-galagala 'people midway (in time, between ancestral beings and presently living people'). 139.13.5.

(Entry on page 192 of printed dictionary)

alaj

NcWara

(Variant of alwaj).

(Entry on page 192 of printed dictionary)

=w₁alalara-

VIntrA2

to be happy. 7.9.1, 69.14.4.

-w₁urij=galalara-

to be happy, be satisfied, Syn: =din^ggi-'- (s.v. =din^gga-), =bula-, =lalima-, -w₁uri^y=n^gduddha- (s.v. =n^guddha-).

(Entry on page 192 of printed dictionary)

=alalibi-

VTrI2

to turn (animal carcass) over (while cooking).

Ex:

wirin^ga:='lalibi:-ni n^gara-n^garugalij 'They turned over the carcass of the dugong'. (Also used with ray spp., etc.)

(Entry on page 192 of printed dictionary)

alalij

NcAnaØ

small freshwater eel-tailed catfish with long snout, perhaps Neosilurusrendahli.

NAdj

catfish people (group of yirija moiety, opposed to lhu:ru 'sleepy cod' people of mandha:yun^g moiety, both of them inhabiting the place wiyindan^gan^y in the myth of Emu, Gecko, and Little Boy). 17.9.5.

Possibly identical etymologically to following item.

(Entry on page 192 of printed dictionary)

w₁alalij

word-initially alalij

NAdj

wet, soaked.

Inch:

=w₁alalin^y-ma-.

w₁ara-galalij

wet all over.

As cpd. final: see also -lhaj-, aban. Cf. preceding entry.

(Entry on page 192 of printed dictionary)

-w₁alamin-

Pref

behaviour, conduct.

As cpd. initial: see =bura-, =n^guddha-, =yama-, =yamin^ggari-, ala:di.

Cf:

-run^g-.

(Entry on page 192 of printed dictionary)

walan

NcMana

the common coolibah-type tree in the area, found mostly on high ground, Eucalyptustectifica.

The true coolibah, E. microtheca, is found mostly inland and to the south; it may sometimes be called walan but is properly called wumudju.

Cf:

ran^ganbar.

(Entry on page 192 of printed dictionary)

alan^g

NcMana

pollen. 142.5.3.

Cf:

next entry.

(Entry on page 192 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)alan^g

none

Part of etymology of bagalan^g 'eye' (cf. -baG- 'eye'); variant of -galan^g- 'egg' (cf. gagalan^g). Possibly also related etymologically to preceding entry.

(Entry on page 192 of printed dictionary)

=alan^gara-

VTrA2

to restrain (fighters, etc.). 69.3.6.

Cf:

w₂ajar, wun^ga:ri.

(Entry on page 193 of printed dictionary)

-w₁alar-

Nc/Pref

stem (of a few sedges and similar plants, notably

madiga).

As cpd. initial: see =yi- 'to sleep'.

NCder:

usual form ma-galarNcMana.

Cf:

-w₂al-.

(Entry on page 193 of printed dictionary)

=w₂

alara-

VIntrN

to be full (of food).

Syn:

=din^ggi-'- (Ref1. of =din^gga-).

(Entry on page 193 of printed dictionary)

=w₂alarlha-

VIntrA2

to lie down on back; to turn over, be/become upside-down; (country) to extend, to stretch out. 10.16.2, 18.17.3, 28.17.3/4, 44.3.5rdp.

Caus:

=w₂alarlhi-jga- VTrA1 to flip over, turn (something) over or upside-down. 1.6.10rdp, 2.6.4, 156.3.5.

-n^gul=Walarlha-

or -n^gulu=walarlha- to lie on back (face-up). 10.9.3, 28.13.1, 28.4.1/2.

Syn:

=murgulha-, =mun^ymulha-. Cf. =alalibi-.

(Entry on page 193 of printed dictionary)

=w₂alavanga-

VTrA1

to annoy, pester (esp., by playing around).

(Entry on page 193 of printed dictionary)

w₂ala-yarayara

NAdj

(See yarayara).

(Entry on page 193 of printed dictionary)

=w₂alayida-

VIntrA2

to be pretty or handsome; to be smooth.

-w₁an=balayida-

to be attractive (in appearance), good-looking.

(Entry on page 193 of printed dictionary)

=w₂al-bi-'-

VIntrI1-

(See =w₂al-bu-, below.)

(Entry on page 193 of printed dictionary)

=w₂a1-bu-

VTrMa1

to apply (paint, paint fixative, etc.) to (surface) to apply, bandage to. (Direct object is surface or body.)

Ref1:

=w₂al-bi-'-VIntrI1 to apply (paint, bandage, etc.) to oneself. 33.3.4, 52.2.4/5, 65.7.5rdp, 65.9.6, 135.1.1, 170.1.4.

-dan=bal-bi-'-

(Ref1) to apply (paint) to one's belly. 170.1.2.

-lhan=bal-bu-

to bandage (someone), to apply bandage to (person).

-w₁ara=wal-bi-'-

(Ref1) to paint selves (all over). 170.4.2.

Syn:

=w₂ala- (possible etymological relationship as well).

Cf:

also =rara-, =wunal-bu-, =anar-bu-, n^gayag, w₂ulwula-.

(Entry on page 193 of printed dictionary)

albug

NcNa

type of woomera. Cf. wandag (most common type).

(Entry on page 193 of printed dictionary)

=w₂alga-

VTrA1

to pound (root foods, etc.) with stone (to soften them); to smash (something); to injure (person). 6.1.2rdp, 8.2.3, 107.1.2/4, 110.2.3, 114.6.3, 115.7.2, 115.7.3rdp, 132.6.3, 132.7.3, 139.7.4, 142.2.3rdp, 144.3.2/3 (rain), 144.3.4rdp (rain).

Benef:

-a=balga- to pound (something, unspecified in verb) for (person, indirect object). 132.6.4rdp.

Multi:

-w₁ara=walga- 139.5.5, with internal rdp.

-w₁ara-walga=walga-

11.9.2.

-mulum=balga-

to break up (carcass, by breaking bones). 99.4.2.

-n^gagara=walga-

to crush or smash bones of. 17.11.2.

-n^galba=walga-

(Intr !) to jump into water. 1.3.5, 8.7.2, 17.6.4, 38.1.2/3.

Multi:

-n^gara-n^galba=walga-. 33.4.1.

-raga=walga-

to smash or bang against (maraga fishtrap). 110.2.4.

-ran^y

=balga- to pound, beat (damper). 121.3.1rdp, 126.2.3, 126.2.4rdp.

-aban=balga-

to hit the ground (landing, from above). 5.11.4.

Cf:

=ralha-.

-andhula=walga-

(sores on head) to afflict (person).

Ex:

n^gan^gga:-'ndhula=walga-n^y 'I have gotten some sores on my head' ('sores' is subject). Cf. andhurumbulg.

-in^ygala=balga-

to lead (animal, person) with spear (i.e., to throw spear ahead of a running animal or person so that the spear will intersect its/his trajectory). (in^ygalag) Perhaps also present in =w₁unbalga-.

Cf:

=w₂agiwa-, =w₂adji-wu-, =w₂u-, =w₁alhara-.

(Entry on page 193 of printed dictionary)

w₁algal

word-initially algal

NAdj

separated, isolated, apart; different, of another nature. 59.4.3, 59.5.6, 59.10.3pred, 116.13.1pred, 157.2.1rdp.pred, 157.13.4pred.

yan^g-galgal

distinct (in voice).

Cf:

mamaga, w₁/w₂urag, w₂iriwiri, lhalga, w₁aldhaaldhan.

(Entry on page 194 of printed dictionary)

walgara

NcAnaWu

a fish,. probably the ox-eye herring.

Syn:

n^yun^ggala.

Possibly related to following entry.

(Entry on page 194 of printed dictionary)

-w₂algara

or NAdj (For gulmum-balgara see alphabetical listing.)

Possibly connected with preceding entry.

(Entry on page 194 of printed dictionary)

walgu

NcAnaWu

a small crab sp.; term also applied to immature mud crabs (murarbu). 16.1.2.

(Entry on page 194 of printed dictionary)

walgurg

NcNa

clam sp. found in brackish or salty water, said to be smaller than n^gabarn^gabar.

(Entry on page 194 of printed dictionary)

aligarbidhi

NAdj

salty (water). 163.18.4. (not very common)

Usual word: lhagayag.

(Entry on page 194 of printed dictionary)

-w₁alij

(See galij).

(Entry on page 194 of printed dictionary)

=w₁alima-

VIntrA1

to go get water. 10.6.3, 61.2.3, 63.3.2, 95.5.2, 119.4.5, 123.3.4, 157.1.3, 163.19.3, 163.19.4rdp.

Benef:

-a=galima-. 10.5.2.

-n^garan=galima-

to spoon out (honey, using lha:r). 142.3.2.

-ani=galima-

(Tr !) to spread out (fire) with stick or the like.

(Entry on page 194 of printed dictionary)

alin^ygina

NcAnaØ

a wading bird (cormorant sp. or similar).

NcAnaØ

sea-anemone.

(Entry on page 194 of printed dictionary)

alin^yn^gari

NcAnaWu

marine garfish.

(Entry on page 194 of printed dictionary)

alir

NcN^gara

sun. 4.3.5, 108.1.6, 115.3.5, 162.1.3.

As cpd. final: see -agalhal-.

Some vocabulary related to 'sun' and sunlight: -lhain^g-.

=lambala-,

=langada- (cf. -laN-), =milha-, alamarj, =yabi-'- (s.v. =yaba-), arara.

NcN^gara

starfish. (legs branch out like sun's rays)

(Entry on page 194 of printed dictionary)

=(w₁)aliwa-

or =(w₁)aliya-

VTrA1

-ani=galima-

or -ani=galiya- to open up or spread out (fire, coals) with stick. 125.2.5. Cf. n^gura.

(Entry on page 194 of printed dictionary)

alja

NcN^gara

water python, Liasisfuscus. 21.1.2, 21.2.5, 29.4.5, 59.7.4, 93.2.1.

Young:

aljina, yambarn^ga.

Cf:

majbarwar.

(Entry on page 195 of printed dictionary)

aljina

NcN^gara

young water python (alja, preceding entry).

Syn:

yambarn^ga.

(Entry on page 195 of printed dictionary)

aln^ga

NcMana

mud. 10.15.1/5, 163.2.1.

As cpd. initial: see =w₂ann^ga-.

=aln^ga-wi-'-

VIntrI1 (Ref1. of Fact) to get bogged in mud (not very common). Cf. =w₁addha-, =yululba-.

(Entry on page 195 of printed dictionary)

-w₁al=n^gu-

Vlntr

(See =n^gu-).

(Entry on page 195 of printed dictionary)

walumbu

NcAnaWu

a tree sp.

This term is applied in languages to the south to the bullwaddy, Macropterantheskekwickii, and the Nunggubuyu term may refer to this sp. as well.

(Entry on page 195 of printed dictionary)

alur

NcMana

(See alwur).

(Entry on page 195 of printed dictionary)

alwag

NcAnaWu

or NcMana neck. 47.18.2.

As cpd. initial -w₁alag- or -w₁alwag-: see =w₁aba-, =w₁alhara-, =(w₁)alarma-, =ala:di-yi-'- (s.v. ala:di).

This cpd. initial form easily confused with that of walag (q.v.).

NCder:

-galwag.

Cf:

yambiya, nindhagal.

(Entry on page 195 of printed dictionary)

alwaj

or alaj

NcWara

skink lizard (many spp.).

First form shown is usual for older speakers.

(Entry on page 195 of printed dictionary)

w₂alwal

NAdj

active, energetic (e.g., person who is constantly on his feet doing hunting or other activities).

HumSg:

walwal-yun^g. P1: wal-walwal (perhaps misheard for walwa:-'lwal).

lhagula-walwal

having active lips (eating vigorously, etc.).

bari-walwal

energetic at walking.

(Entry on page 195 of printed dictionary)

alwur

alur, or (rarely) walwur

NcMana

bark fibre from kurrajongs tree (esp. yarawug) used to make string or rope. 1.7.2, 116.12.5.

Fact:

=a1(w)ur-wa- VTrA1 to make (bark fibre, by stripping off kurrajong bark). 155.3.3, 157.5.5.

Cf:

mabur, n^gadugu, =w₂u-, =lhurwa-.

In addition to yarawug, other trees which can sometimes be used are adija and balbi.

(Entry on page 195 of printed dictionary)

w₁alya

NAdj

male (not female); man. Nonhuman exx.: 25.6.3, 101.3.2.

HumSg:

walyi-n^yun^g 'man' (usual word). 17.4.1, 14.12.3, 29.7.4 (applied to male dog). Du: walya-wa:. 14.12.3.

P1:

walya-walya. 43.17.7.

Syn:

min^yn^guyun^g (rare). Opposite: manun^g (human, nonhuman), w₁ujbi (nonhuman only).

Initial w₁ (not w₂) shown here on basis of one ex., needs checking to see if variant w₂ also occurs (cf. balya. Walya in languages to south).

(Entry on page 195 of printed dictionary)

wal-yulug

NAdj

(See yulug).

(Entry on page 195 of printed dictionary)

(-w₁)ama-

This may be the root in ni-gama-n^yij 'brother and sibling', n^gari-yama-n^yij 'pair of sisters' (q.v.).

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ama-

VIntrA3

to obtain yams or other edible roots from ground. 114.5.1, 157.12.1. (Form in these text exx. may be a variant =ama-).

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

=w₁amadha-

VTrA2

to wrap (something, someone) up, e.g., in paperbark (liba), to swaddle.

Ref1:

=w₁amadhi-'- to become wrapped up. 146.1.4.

-ba=gamadha-

to wrap up or cover the eyes of (person).

-w₂aran^g=gamadhi-'-

(Ref1) to have one's ears covered or wrapped.

Syn:

=w₁aba-. Cf. =n^gawa-, =w₂urdha-.

Probably related to =ambamadha-.

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

amadharn^gga

NcAnaWu

barracuda fish. 12.2.3, 12.3.3, 13.24.5.

Cf:

gurgin. Young: wingarga.

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

amagari

NcAna(Adv)

behind, (coming) later, at end (of moving group).

Ex:

wu:=ya-n^ggi amagari 'They went along behind'.

Less common than adha:dhari, cf. also =lhamara-.

Possibly related to cpd. initial -gari-.

Opposite:

ragij and related forms.

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

=amaja-

VIntrN^ga1

to steal (object unspecified in verb), to thieve. 73.3.1.

Ex:

n^garugalij nund=a:maji-Ø 'You stole some dugong!'.

(Possible transitive ex.: 3.7.2, perhaps misanalysed.)

Benef:

-a=gamaja- to steal from (person), to rob (person).

.3, 3.7.4, 4.1.3, 6.2.2.

Syn:

=guguda-. Cf. bagumid, da:rawa, =maraga-.

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

=ama:mi-

VIntrI1

to be by oneself, to be alone. 57.1.4.

Also Benef. -a=gama:mi- (still treated as Intr), same gloss:

ani:-'=gama:mi:-na

'He will be by himself, isolated'.

Cf:

w₁/w₁urag and related vocabulary.

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

=ama:muwa-

VTrA1

to be without (something), to lack.

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

-w₁aman-

w₁a:man-

Nc/Pref

hive (of honey bee).

Has short vowel as cpd. initial -w₁man-: see =lha- 'to stand'.

Has long vowel as NC_der -ga:man. 143.1.5. Cf. lagu.

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

amanamana

Particle(?)also,

too. (Heard once, sense unclear.)

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

amanin^gagara

NcAna(Adv)

hard, vigorously. Cf. an^gudu.

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)ama-n^yij

(dyadic) See ni-gama-n^yij, n^gari-yama-n^yij.

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

aman

NcAnaWu

liver. 95.6.1.

As cpd. initial: -w₁aman-.

NCder:

most often used in underived form aman.)

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

Wamba

NcMana

edible gum (on trees).

Possibly a recent loan (used in local creole).

Cf:

binan^g.

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

=ambada-

VIntrA2

(flower) to bloom, blosson; (object) to burst. 16.23.2, 65.10.3, 98.1.1/3, 98.2.1, 98.3.7, 98.11.2, 144.4.1.

Mult:

with internal rdp: -w₁ara:-'mba:='mbada-. 16.22.1.

-gulmun^g=ambada-

to have one's stomach burst. 16.22.3.

Cf:

=lalma-, =lhalabida-.

May contain =w₂ada-.

(Entry on page 196 of printed dictionary)

ambadhi

NAdj

unaware (of some event, etc.). 161.5.1pred.

Cf:

malala:di.

(Entry on page 197 of printed dictionary)

=ambagira-

VlntrN^gal

to still want (something).

Cf:

=n^gan^ybanda-.

(Entry on page 197 of printed dictionary)

=ambalalhi-

VTrI1

to hold (spear) ready to strike.

Cf:

=w₁alhalha-.

(Entry on page 197 of printed dictionary)

ambalag

NAdj

enormous, huge. (uncommon term)

Cf:

run^ggal and related vocabulary.

ambalal NAdj splendid, excellent, elegant. 52.4.5pred, 55.10.5pred.

Ex:

nund=a:mbalal adaba barawu mari ana:-'ra 'You are rich (in possessions) now, (having) a boat and things'.

HumSg:

ambalal-yun^g. P1: amba:-'mbalal.

ambalal-ari

NAdj poor, lacking nice possessions.

(Entry on page 197 of printed dictionary)

=ambalawali-

VTrI1

to wait (expectantly) for (something, someone).

Cf:

=nara-, =diwiriwa-, and next entry.

(Entry on page 197 of printed dictionary)

=ambalwirima-

VTrA3

to hang around waiting for (something).

Cf:

preceding entry.

(Entry on page 197 of printed dictionary)

ambal

NcAnaWu

(top, crown) of head.

As cpd. initial -ambal-: see =w₂adja-.

Fact:

=ambal-ga- VTrA1 to hit (with thrown object).

Syn:

of Fact: =mun^ggurbildha-, =ambildha-.

NCder:

head or crown (of object), foliage (of plants).

ni-gambal

117.1.4, 117.3.4, 108.1.2; (an-)u-gambal138.2.2, n^gari-gambal117.5.4.

Syn:

yinag, ambara, la:n^g, amburug, -ambaN-, -ambuluG-.

(Entry on page 197 of printed dictionary)

=ambalalha-

VTrA2

to go past, to go across. 41.5.7, 41.23.3, 94.4.2.

Ex:

ni=buri-Ø yuwa:-gu mari wuna:='mbalalhi-nY 'He was (sitting) over there, but they went right past him'.

Cf:

=yaldha-, =yalgiwa-.

(Entry on page 197 of printed dictionary)

ambalaman

NAdj

good (general word); good to eat, delicious. 55.5.4, 69.10.3pred, 70.2.6pred, 71.10.2pred, 103.2.7, 114.7.4pred, 118.4.3, 120.4.6, 132.11.4, 139.8.1, 130.1.5pred, 157.2.2pred, 162.19.2pred, 167.15.2.

Mult:

w₁ara:-'mbalaman. 100.7.5, 143.1.5. Cf. mamalan^g.

(Entry on page 197 of printed dictionary)

=ambamadha-

VTrA2

to cover (someone, something) up; to deceive. 13.9.4, 125.3.2, 15.8.3.

Mult:

-w₁ ara:='mbamadha-. 163.13.6.

-ar=ambamadha-

to cover up (water).

Syn:

=n^gawa-, =w₁aba-, =n^gawa-, =w₁amadha-, =w₂urdha-.

Perhaps a frozen cpd. including =w₁amadha-, but w₁ normally becomes g (not b) after a nasal.

(Entry on page 197 of printed dictionary)

-ambam=ba-

VTrN^ga3

(See =w₂a-).

(Entry on page 197 of printed dictionary)

ambam-ba-n^ga-j

NcAnaWu

headache.

Derivative of -ambam=ba- (s.v. =w₂a-).

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

amba:-'mbuli-j-galag

NAdj

(See -(w₁)alag. Related to =ambula-.)

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

-ambaN-

Pref

headache.

Occurs as cpd initial in -ambam=ba- (s.v. =w₂a-) and in its derivative ambam-ba-n^ga-j (this page, above).

Possibly related to ambal, ambara, -ambuluG-.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

=amban^gan^yji-

VIntrI2

(dugong, turtle) to come up to surface of water (to breathe, etc.). 59.5.3.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

ambara

NcAnaWu

head. (not very common)

As cpd. initial: see =w₂anaga-.

NCder:

7.1.2 (head of river).

Syn:

yinag (most common as independent noun), ambal, la:n^g, etc.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

=ambargala-

VIntrA2

(two or more) to sit down (in group). 18.20.2, 42.3.2, 65.1.4, 65.2.5, 65.9.4, 77.1.5.

Mult:

-n^gara=gambargala-.

Syn:

=bura- (no number restrictions).

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

ambarar

NcAnaWu

open country, fields (with grasses and occasional shrubs). 162.4.3, 162.21.5.

Cf:

abala, wumayamaya.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

ambarj

NcAnaWu

dream.

As cpd. initial: see =yi- 'to sleep'. Associated verb: =w₂rugara-.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

=ambidha-

VIntrN^ga1

(fruits) to bulge on tree, to abound on tree. 115.1.4/6 (cycads).

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

=ambildha-

VTrA2

to slap, to hit (with hand); to hit (someone) with thrown object. 1.2.5.

Cf:

=mun^ggurbildha-, =ambal-ga- (s.v. ambal).

Possibly related to =w₂ildha-.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)a:mbin^yin^y

-(w₁)a:mbin^ya-yan^g

(See ni-ga:mbin^yin^y, n^gari-ya:mbin^yin^y, ran^g-ga:mbin^yin^y etc.)

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

-ambirwir-

Pref

close together.

As cpd. initial: see =lha- 'to stand'. Cf. -an^ggara-, w₂arubaj.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

ambubug

NcAnaWu

brain.

Syn:

amburumburun^g.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

=ambula-

VIntrA2

to be ashamed; to be shy, timid.

For a NAdj derivative amba:-'mbuli-j- in a larger cpd., see -(w₁)alag.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

ambulbambul

or wambulbambul

NcAnaWu

feather headdress.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

-ambuluG-

Pref

head.

As cpd. initial: see =w₁uluda-, =w₁urya -. Cf. yinag and synonyms.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

=ambulumbulura-

VTrA2

to cover. Cf. =ambadha-, =n^gawa-, etc.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

=ambulwaddha-

VlntrN^ga1

(boat) to be in saltwater.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

=ambulwi-

VIntrI1

to be born. 45.3.2.

Mult:

-n^gara=gambulwi-. 47.22.5.

(Entry on page 198 of printed dictionary)

=ambunari-

VlntrI1

to wait.

Possibly related to =nara-.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

amburug

NcAnaWu

(top of) head. (not common)

Syn:

ambal, ambara, yinag, la:n^g. Cf. -ambaN-, -ambuluG-.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

amburumburun^g

NcAnaWu

brain.

NCder:

-gamburumburun^g.

Syn:

ambubug.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

amburuyuwuruyuj

NcAnaWu

a short grass sp., Sporobolusvirginicus.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

-amburu-

Pref

rainbow.

Attested only as cpd. initial: see =nagi-, =w₂urlha-.

Cf:

ma:rn^y.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

amijgalag

NAdj

messy (said of a pile of rubbish or garbage, etc.).

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

amilmil

NcAnaWu

light westerly breeze.

Cf:

ba:ra.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

=amulugugura-

VIntrA2

to be twilight, dusk. 7.10.1, 13.19.2, 40.8.1.

Subject is Ana class.

Cf:

adharwara.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

=w₁amunma-

VIntrA3

to have poor eyesight, to have trouble seeing.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

amun^ggu

NcAnaWu

a marine fish, the sweetlip emperor. 16.4.3, 64.3.3.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

a:mun^y

NcNa

the common bush fly. 8.2.3, 15.11.1.

Usual forms with noun-class prefix present: na-a:mun^y, yi:-ya:mun^y (no vowel contraction).

Possibly related to -w₁amuy- (variant -w₁amun^y-), see below.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

-w₁amun^y-

Pref

(See -w₁amuy-, below).

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

a-muri

(your) father's father or his sister.

P1:

mi-da-muri.

For 1st person possessor form see mu:ri, for 3rd person and dyadic forms see following entries.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

a-muri-j

(dyadic) pair consisting of a person and his or her mu:ri (father's father or his sister).

P1:

mi-da-muri-j.

See preceding and following entries and mu:ri.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

a-muru-yun^g

(his/their) father's father or his sister.

P1:

mi-da-muru-yun^g.

See preceding entries.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

amuwan^gga

NcAnaØ

or NcAnaWu a type of coral. 64.6.4.

Other types: nijura, argalharuwa.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

-w₁amuy-

or -w₁amun^y-

Nc/Pref

scraps, pieces, bits (e.g., of rubbish).

Used as cpd. initial, form usually -w₁ amuy- but occasionally w₁amun^y- before a nasal: see =munl^ymhua-, =ma-.

As independent noun can take the form NC_der-gamuy, but is more often NC_der-gamuymuy with a distinct stem form (showing partial internal reduplication) -w₁amuymuy.

Syn:

-lharin^y-, -n^gumij-. Cf. a:mun^y.

(Entry on page 199 of printed dictionary)

-w₁amuymuy

(See discussion of preceding item).

(Entry on page 200 of printed dictionary)

anhuma

NcAnaWu

seed pod of a mangrove tree sp. (ana, Rhizophorastylosa). (uncommon word)

Syn:

wumuluri (common).

(Entry on page 200 of printed dictionary)

-aN-

Pref

There are a few verb doublets which suggest that a prefix of this type may be segmentable etymologically: =w₂ada- vs. =ambada-, =w₂amadha- vs. =ambamadha-, =w₂ildha- vs. =ambildha-, perhaps =w₂alhalha- and variants vs. =ambalalhi-. No simple or consistent gloss can be suggested. There are many other stems beginning in -aN- where N is some nasal which also. seem to be (on the basis of an internal rdp. pattern, for example) candidates for segmentation (amburuyuwuruyuj, =ambalawali-, etc.). Note also the numerous words for 'head' (ambara, ambal, amburug, cpd. initials -ambaN-, -ambuluG-) and 'brain' (ambubug, amburumburun^g). Distinct from kinship -an^g-.

(Entry on page 200 of printed dictionary)

w₂a:n

NcAnaWu

temple (of head), area inside ear.

As cpd. initial may refer to hearing or disposition as well as this body part: see =muda-, w₂adawadad, =barlha-, =w₁aya-.

Also in the derivative w₂anga-wan-gallhu-j (listed alphabetically below), and probably identifiable in several forms (listed below without segmentation) at least etymologically.

Cf:

w₂aran^g, =yan^ga-, =w₁awan^ggi-, =w₂angi-, =yan^ga-.

(Entry on page 200 of printed dictionary)

anara

NcNa

mangrove tree sp., Ceriopstagal.

Syn:

wuruguri (uncommon).

(Entry on page 200 of printed dictionary)

=w₂an-bu-

or =w₂a:n-bu-

VTrMal

to make (person, animal) warm by building a fire next to him; to warm (person, with a fire); (fire) to warm (someone) up; (fire) to be uncomfortably hot for (person) with excessive heat and smoke. 120.3.6, 132.3.2, 132.3.3rdp.

Ref1:

=w₂an-bi-'- or =w₂ a:n-bi-'- VIntrI1 (person) to warm oneself up at a fire. 65.14.6.

Cf:

=murmbula-, =ralma-.

(Entry on page 200 of printed dictionary)

wanbunuru

NcAnaWu

thick fog.

Cf:

wu:ji and related vocabulary.

anburugu or wanburugu NcAnaWu or NcAnaØ glossy ibis (bird).

Syn:

malan^yjurjurg.

(Entry on page 200 of printed dictionary)

-w₁anburg-

Nc/Pref

appearance, looks, outward aspect.

As cpd. initial: see ala:di, n^gun^yju.

NCder:

similar in appearance (to someone), the spitting image (of someone). Can take human forms:

HumSg:

ni-ganbur-jun^g the spitting image (of some other man).

Possibly related to guburg. Cf. n^gun^yju (and n^gun^yju-n^gun^yju).

(Entry on page 200 of printed dictionary)

w₁andha-

word-initially andha-

Pref

obsessed with (getting), always trying to get, greedy for.

Used only as cpd. initial creating NAdj derivatives with the

following noun stem denoting the object of the craving:

(-w₁)andha-mananun^g

lusty for women, lecher.

(-w₁)andha-marya

(always) craving food, glutton.

(-w₁)andha-wun^ga:ri

always getting into fights, violent.

Cf:

=n^gan^ybanda-.

(Entry on page 200 of printed dictionary)

=andhadha-

VIntrN^ga1

to sit up (straight). 28.15.4/5, 28.16.4, 71.5.2, 101.1.2, 132.2.5.

VTrA2

to set or put (someone, something) upright, sitting up.

Cf:

=bura-, =lalaga-.

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

=w₂andhadha:ra-

VIntrA2

to not hear (about some news), to be unaware (of some news).

Cf:

w₂a:n, ambadhi, malala:di.

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

=andhadi=

VIntrI1

to do something for a while. (not common)

Ex:

=n^ga=ya-n^ggi n^ga:='ndhadi-n^y 'I went (along) for a while'.

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

=andhaga-

VTrA1

to set out (fishtrap). 110.1.5.

Cf:

maraga, magul, =lharga-, =w₂aga-, =yin^gala-.

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

-w₂andhagalalur

NCder:

froth, bubbles.

Cf:

murn^ymurj.

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

wandhagalan^ymir

NcAnaØ

a marine fish sp. (in the general class of tuna, swordfish, or the like).

One of a class of terms used mainly as songwords for several fish of this type: see also dan^ymiri, yalabura, etc.

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

=andhagulalarwala-

VIntrA2

to dribble (saliva), slobber.

Appears to contain lhagula 'lips' (hence root *=larwala-).

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

=andhalhara-

VTrA2

to go in pursuit of (person, animal). 162.24.1.

Cf:

=lharma- and its compounds, =ragu-, =lhamara-.

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

wandhalayun^g

NcNa

dart (marine fish), Chorinemus spp.

Syn:

walbalg.

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

w₁andha-marya

NAdj

(See -w₁andha-, above).

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

=andhar-wu-

VTrMa1

to fill (container, etc.); to load (object, into container).

Cf:

damadhan, =lhada-.

Ref1:

=andhar-wi-'- VIntrI1 to be/become full. 13.9.3, 108.5.4, 143.3.2, 143.6.1/5.

-gara:='ndhar-wi-'-

(Ref1) (hole) to become full. 13.9.3 (possible ex.)

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

-an=dharma-

or w₁/w₂an=dharma-

VTrA3

(See =lharma-).

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

-andhij-

Pref

(See =w₂ulululha-).

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

andhiri

NcAnaWu

heart. 17.3.5.

As cpd. initial -andhiri- or- w₁andhiri-: see =w₂ilibilin^gi-.

NC_der-gandhiri.

Etym:

cf. nalthir (= n^galthir) 'liver' in languages to north (Ritharngu and other Yuulngu languages).

(Entry on page 201 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)andhula

hat; end part, last section.

Attested only as NC_der-gandhula.

Cf:

wubalmana, -dhig-.

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

-andhula-

Pref

sores on head.

Attested only as cpd. initial with =w₂alga-.

For related independent noun see andhurumbulg, below.

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

andhurg

NAdj

straight. 13.24.3 (Pergressive -andhur-gaj-).

Ex:

n^gand=a:ndhurg n^gan^y=ja:-ri: 'I will go straight'.

Ex:

ma:='ndhurg mana:-'di 'The road is straight'.

Fact:

=andhur-ga- VTrA1 to straighten (something).

Syn:

banban, =dururuga-, =lhara:lha-. Cf. lha:lun.

Opposite:

See =bara- and derivatives.

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

andhurumbulg

NcAnaWu

sores on head. 132.9.5.

Cf:

-andhula=walga- (s.v. =w₂alga-).

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

=wanda-

VTrA2

-an^ga=wands-

to make (camp, an^ga). 145.1.4.

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

andalal

or wandalal

NcWara

a swamp plant, Philydrumlanuginosum.

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)andar

(See discussion of magandar).

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

=wandaragala-

VIntrA2

to be in a crowd or herd. 163.15.2.

Cf:

garn^yirimba, -raN-.

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

=a:ndira-

VTrA2

to refuse to accept (something), to disdain, to not want (something). 43.17.4. Cf. =lha:bi-, =biligaga-, -awu=ba-.

-ij=ga:ndira-

to refuse (verbally); to protest at. 13.13.4.

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

wangadura

NcAnaØ

freshwater fish, perhaps a sp. of rainbowfish.

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

w₂an-ga:gidhu

NAdj

(See -(w₁)a:gidhu).

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

-w₂an=gallha-

VIntrA2

(See =w₁allha-. For derivative see w₂anga-wan-gallhu-j, below.)

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

=w₁angandha-

VIntrA2

(Variant of =w₁ain^ggalndha-).

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

w₂an-garar

NAdj

(See -(w₁)arar).

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

w₂anga-wan-gallhu-j

NAdj

afraid, frightened.

Derived from –w₂an=gallha- (s.v. =w₁allha-).

Cf:

-dir=n^gawi-‘- (s.v. =n^gawi-'-), mindhimindhu.

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

=w₂angi-

VIntrI1

to have one's ears perked, to listen attentively.

Probably related to w₂a:n. Cf. =yan^ga-, =w₁awan^ggi-.

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

-w₂angidi-

Nc/Pref

flesh of rays (less often, of sharks).

NCder:

106.3.2 (uG-). In cpds. –w₂ingidi-: see =a:yu-.

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

-w₂an=gululudha-

VIntrA2

(See =w₁ululudha-).

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

-wanguri=yambi-

VIntrI2

(See =yambi-).

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

-ani=bada-

VIntrA2

(See =w₂ada-. Initial is anig.)

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

anig

NcAnaWu

coals, embers, heart of fire. 119.7.1.

As cpd. initial may mean simply 'fire': see =n^gawi-'-, =w₂ada-, =w₁aliya-, =(w₁)ara- VTrYa, =yara-.

ani-dhabarj

NcAnaWu big fire. (lhabarj)

Cf:

n^gura, -yiga-, n^gargan.

(Entry on page 202 of printed dictionary)

aniji

NcAnaWu

a type of liquor associated with Macassans.

Other type: baliji.

(Entry on page 203 of printed dictionary)

an=jama-

VIntrA1

(See =yama-).

(Entry on page 203 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)anja:njij

Attested as NC_der-ganja:njij small barbs or hooks on spear or harpoon.

Cf:

jimindi, lhalun^ggu, etc.

(Entry on page 203 of printed dictionary)

=anjarda-

VIntrA2

to go into or through scrub. 99.3.5rdp.

(Entry on page 203 of printed dictionary)

anji

NcN^gara

jabiru (crane-type bird). (the common term) Text 10.

Young:

gulmirimiri.

(Entry on page 203 of printed dictionary)

w₂anjilira

NAdj

recluse, person in ritual seclusion (in Gunabibi ritual).

HumSg:

w₂anjilira-yun^g. P1: w₂anja-wanjilira.

(Entry on page 203 of printed dictionary)

anjiriwi

or wanjiriwi

NcN^gara

female euro (rock kangaroo, murbungula).

Syn:

bayir.

(Entry on page 203 of printed dictionary)

wanjurjurg

NcAnaØ

large sandpiper-type beach birds with moderately large bills.

Cf:

munjirg.

(Entry on page 203 of printed dictionary)

=anma-

VTrA1

to go out gathering (shells, yams, etc.). 3.8.2, 11.2.4, 11.3.3, 98.1.5, 98.7.3, 155.3.2, 161.34.3.

-ar=anma-

to look for water. 163.19.2.

(Entry on page 203 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ann^ga-

VIntrA1

to dance. (most general term) 28.10.4, 9.3.lff.rdp, 9.2.lydp.

Benef:

-a=bann^ga-. 69.12.5.

Caus:

=w₂ann^gi-jga- VTrA1 to dance the (totemic) dance of (totem, direct object). 52.3.6. (note special semantics)

Cf:

wun^ggan^y, =malmala-, =magurlha-, =alwarwara-, abal.

VTrA1

to step on, trample; (rarely) to kick (something). 13.11.3, 11.7.3, 145.1.4rdp.

-gari=wann^ga-

(father) to beget (another daughter, after the first one). 74.3.4rdp.

Recip:

-gari=wann^ga-n^yji- VIntrI2 (men) to keep having more daughters. 74.4.3rdp.

-laga=wann^ga-

(father, less often mother) to have (second daughter). 73.4.3. Cf. preceding cpd.

-n^gagara=wann^ga-

to step on bones (of someone).

-aln^g=a=wann^ga-

to step in (mud). 10.15.1, 10.15.3rdp.

-aban=bann^ga-

to tread on (ground), to hit (ground). 5.12.7, 5.16.5, 13.32.4.

-ay=wann^ga-

to step on the nest of (something). 11.8.1, 13.11.3.

-w₁urij=bann^gi-'-

(Ref1) to fail, be unsuccessful in attempt; to lose heart, to not go through with a planned action. 161.9.4.

(Entry on page 203 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)anun^g-

Nc/Pref

shoot, sprout, small plant.

As cpd. initial: see =yu-.

NC_der-ganun^g.

(Entry on page 203 of printed dictionary)

anun^ggu

stringybark spear (stick with sharpened point).

Noun class not recorded.

Cf:

lhu:n^y.

(Entry on page 204 of printed dictionary)

wanun^ggura

NAdj

Nunggubuyu (term used by Groote Eylandt people, here as pronounced by Nunggubuyu).

Cf:

w₁ubuy.

(Entry on page 204 of printed dictionary)

anuwa

NcAnaØ

flatback turtle, Cheloniadepressa.

Syn:

gariwa (more common), jadiwan^ggani.

(Entry on page 204 of printed dictionary)

-w₁an-

Pref

(For w₁an=balayida- see =w₂alayida-).

(Entry on page 204 of printed dictionary)

ana

NcMana

the most prominent mangrove tree sp., with large. buttressed roots, Rhizophorastylosa; (loosely) mangroves, mangrove jungle.

Seed pod: wumuluri or anhuma. Sapling: lirjal.

Do not confuse with following item.

(Entry on page 204 of printed dictionary)

ana

or wana

NcAnaØ

or NcAnaWu wing (of bird).

As cpd. initial can mean 'wing' or 'arm': see =ma-, =nima-

(-ana=nima-

with retroflexion spreading), =w₂aldha-, =w₂irbiri-.

Cf:

ara, w₂anja.

Do not confuse with preceding entry.

(Entry on page 204 of printed dictionary)

wanabana

NcMana

a tree or shrub sp.

Informants disagree on which sp. or spp. are designated; for some this is an uncommon synonym of banar (q.v.).

(Entry on page 204 of printed dictionary)

=w₂anaga-

VTrA1

to hold, grasp; to be in charge of (people, country, ritual). 9.8.4, 10.16.1, 10.15.6, 14.13.4, 23.3.1, 29.7.1, 40.1.2, 54.1.4/5, 68.1.4, 161.1.3, 163.14.5, 168.9.3.

(Now beginning to occur in some English calques involving.

'to have', since this is the closest Nunggubuyu verb.)

Mult:

-w₁ara=wanaga-. 113.2.6, 55.9.5.

Benef:

-a=banaga-. 111.1.2ff.

-janda=wanaga-

to hold (someone) by the back. 25.5.4.

-lhal=wanaga-

to hold or be in charge of (country). Attested with internal rdp. as -lhal-wana=wanaga-. 139.13.4.

-lhawu=wanaga-

to hold (i.e., know) the words (knowledge of rituals, etc.). 47.15.3.

-laga=wanaga-

to hold (fish, dugong, etc.) by the tail area. 23.3.2, 23.3.3rdp, 111.2.4rdp, 112.4.3rdp.

-lan=banaga-n^yji-

(Recip) to hold knees together, to have each other's knees together. 13.33.5.

-manda=banaga-n^yji-

(Recip) (group) to stay together, to hang together.

-maram=banaga-

to hold (someone) by the hand. (maran^g)

-n^yalaj=banaga-

to hold onto the back of (someone). 26.1.4.

-rulbu=wanaga-

to hold onto the back of (someone). 1.6.9, 25.6.1.

-andagu=wanaga-

to hold by the arm. 40.2.3, 40.12.3.

-w₂anja=wanaga-

to hold (someone) by the arm. 71.5.2.

Cf:

=nima-, =bilharga-.

Possibly related to ana 'wing'.

(Entry on page 204 of printed dictionary)

-w₁anam=biin^gin^yja-

VIntrA2

(See =w₂iln^gin^yja-).

(Entry on page 204 of printed dictionary)

-w₁anan^g-

Nc/Pref

stem, stalk (of some plants with edible roots including ya:gun^y, mandhabi, lhawumag, sometimes water lilies).

As cpd. initial: see =ara-, =w₁iin^gin^yja-.

NCder:

114.1.5 (Ana class), 114.9.2 (Mana).

Cf:

w₁alar-, -w₂al-.

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

w₁anan^g=gara-

VIntrA2

(See =ara-).

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

anan^y

NcAnaWu

digging stick, yamstick. 13.29.1, 14.13.4, 143.4.5, 143.5.1, 166.12.3.

NcAnaWu

a wattle tree, Acacia sp. (possibly A. aulacocarpa) with hard wood from which yamsticks are made.

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

anarag

or wanarag

NcN^gara

young tree goanna (gabayayag, q.v.). 93.1.6.

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

=anar-bu-

VTrMa1

to paint (person) on the forearm.

Ref1:

=anar-bi-'- to be painted on the forearm. 170.3.1.

Related to noun anarg.

Cf:

=wunal-bu-, =w₂al-bu-, =w₂ala-, =w₂ulwula-; =rara-.

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

anarg

NcAnaWu

painting the arms, painted design on arm. 170.3.1.

Related to preceding entry.

Cf:

wunalg, n^gayag.

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

anbalan^y

NcAnaWu

a decoration made from feathers of red-collared lorikeet (lindi:rij). 65.7.6.

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

anbana

NcAnaWu

or NcN^gara rain; raincloud. Exx. of NcAnaWu are 60.1.1ff., 93.1.3, 98.6.5, 98.8.3, 98.9.2, 163. 23.5. Exx. Of NcN^gara are 163.14.5, 36.1.1/2, 98.11.1, 144.3. lff.

Usual verb for 'it is raining': w₁ara=rabi- (s.v. =rabi-) with Ana or N^gara subject marker.

Cf:

(-w₁)arawulubulug, wumin^yiriri. For 'cloud' see n^gubunun^g.

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

anbar

NcMana

western brown snake, Pseudonajanuchalisnuchalis.

Poisonous sp. with black markings on head.

King brown snake: n^guda-lhardharg.

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

=w₁

anbi-

VTrI2

to do it (unspecified action) to (someone, something, direct object). 28.9.4, 44.1.6rdp and 44.4.5ff.rdp. (euphemism for 'to copulate with'), 69.16.3rdp, 120.5.1, 139.15.2, 13.11.4.

Ref1:

=w₁anbi-'- VIntrI1 to do it (unspecified action). 19.3.1, 47.4.2, 47.22.8rdp, 122.2.4. (Note nonreflexive meaning.)

Mult:

of Ref1: w₁ara=(w)anbi-'-. 138.4.1.

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

-anbul-

Nc/Pref

(sharp) stick or branch.

As cpd. initial: see =lhaayi-.

NCder:

normally ma-ganbul.

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

andhardharg

or wandhardharg

NcNa

a grass-like herb with reddish seeds found in wet areas, Leptocarpusspathaceus.

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

anda

NcAnaWu

joint of front flipper (of turtle).

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

=anda-

VTrA2

to wound (someone) slightly, to just graze (someone) with spear or other weapon. 42.4.5ff.

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

w₂anda

NcAnaWu

creek, branch (of river).

NCder:

branch (of tree, etc.).

Cf:

also -w₁ubanda-. Related to this form and perhaps also to cpd. initial -andagu- (s.v. =w₂anaga-).

Do not confuse with wandag (following entry).

(Entry on page 205 of printed dictionary)

wandag

NcNa

Woomera (spearthrower). (most common type) 170.3.6.

Syn:

man^galn^g (less common word).

Other types: albug, murugu. Cf. -n^galn^g, -(w₁)anja:jij, -n^galn=jaba- (s.v. =yaba-), =w₁alhalha-.

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

-andagu=wanaga-

VTrA1

(See =w₂anaga-).

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

anda:lburu

NcN^gara

female antelopine kangaroo (arjambal). (the common term) 53.3.3, 59.6.5, 95.10.4.

Less common synonyms: yalarba, mawulgamin.

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

=andanda-

VTrA2

to move slowly. 112.2.1.

Direct object is AnaWu.

Ex:

n^gawa:='ndandi:-' 'I move slowly'.

Cf:

w₁urugurij, mindig.

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

andaran^g

or wandaran^g

NAdj

Warndarang (language and people). 157.13.3, 168.3.1.

The Warndarang language was spoken chiefly in the area between the Rose and Roper Rivers on and near the coast.

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

wandarja

NcAnaWu

an uncommon type of boomerang with a sharp curve in the blade.

Usual type: wulmuwari.

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

=andarma-

VIntrA1

to nod (in agreement), to signal assent; to shake, quiver. 47.14.3. Cf. =yaljala-, =w₂arawararbi-.

Caus:

=andarmi-jga- VTrA1 to shake (object, person). 4.7.3ff.

Mult:

of Caus: -w₁ara:='ndarmi-jga-. 4.7.2.

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

andi

NcMana

a crawling vine with edible taproot, probably Ipomoeagraminea. 98.8.8.

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

wandulbandul

NcAnaWu

a jungle plant.

Syn:

dhun^yjira.

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

wandulu

NcAnaWu

walking-stick, cane. 10.2.2

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

-w₁angalg

word-initially angalg

NAdj

having magical powers, medicine man, witch doctor.

HumSg:

angal-jun^g. P1: anga:-'ngalg.

Syn:

mirara, galababala (loan), dugdabala (loan).

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

angamun^y

(your) father's mother or her brother.

P1:

mi-dangamun^y.

For 1st person possessor form see mu:mu, for 3rd person see next entry below, for dyadic form see ramu-n^yij.

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

angamu-n^yun^g

(his/their) father's mother or her brother.

P1:

mi-dangamu-n^yun^g.

See preceding entry for other forms.

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

angi

(my/our) wife's father or his sister; FaMoBr's child.

For other forms see following entries.

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

angi-j

(dyadic) pair consisting of a person and his/her (brother's) wife's father or wife's father's sister, or a person and his/her father's mother's brother's child. Cf. preceding and following entries.

(Entry on page 206 of printed dictionary)

angiyaj

(your) wife's father, etc.

P1:

mi-dangiyaj.

See angi, angi-yun^g.

(Entry on page 207 of printed dictionary)

angi-yun^g

(his/their) wife's father, etc.

P1:

mi-dangi-yun^g.

For other forms see three preceding entries.

(Entry on page 207 of printed dictionary)

wangujba

NcWara

black flying fox (fruit-bat), Pteropusgouldii.

Syn:

wadun^ggu.

More common red flying fox: malban^ggari.

(Entry on page 207 of printed dictionary)

wangurag

NcMana

bandicoot (small animal). Text 37, 11.4.3/4, 59.7.2.

Young:

balwal, yuluguja. Female: jurguldumbul.

(Entry on page 207 of printed dictionary)

=ani-

VIntrI1

(imperative only) come!.

Sg:

ba:='ni-n^y or ba:='ni:-na. 7.14.5, 11.10.2.

Du:

nimbina:='ni-n^y, etc (MDu). 14.14.3/4. nimbin^ga:='ni-n^y, etc. (FDu).

P1:

usually numbura:='ni-n^y, etc. 47.16.3. Less often numburu=wani-n^y. 166.22.5.

Possible ex. of Benef. -a=gani- : 25.5.2.

Mult:

form of P1: numburu-n^gara=gani-n^y '(You all) come!'.

Note that root normally contracts with prefix if the latter ends in a vowel, and the result is usually a: (even where regular rules would produce i:, as in Du forms). It is possible that =w₁ani- should be recognised as an alternate stem shape (e.g., in numburu=wani-n^y).

There is no nonimperative verb for 'to come'; the usual expression is 'to go' (=ya-, =ruma-) plus a demonstrative adverb like ba-ga:-'la 'from there to here'.

(Entry on page 207 of printed dictionary)

=anibi-

VIntrI1

to get lost, to be/become lost or forgotten. 15.9.7, 28.5.3, 40.6.2rdp, 65.6.4, 65.12.8, 101.2.3, 104.3.3.

Caus:

=anibi-jga- VTrA1 to lose; to forget.

-w₁arawuj=ganibi-(j)ga-

(Caus) to conceal one's smell. 53.4.7.

Cf:

-w₁aran=dhalhara- (s.v. =lhalhara-), -w₁aran=dhalabi- (s.v. =lhalabi-), -mi=dagu- (s.v. =ragu-).

(Entry on page 207 of printed dictionary)

w₂anja

NcAnaWu

arm.

As cpd. initial: =lhara:lha-, =w₂ali-n^yji- (s.v. =w₂ala-), =w₂anaga-.

NCder:

arm-like appendage; wing (of bird). In form ma-banja means 'sleeve (of shirt)'.

Cf:

w₂anda, (w)ana, lhaman, anarg, ara.

(Entry on page 207 of printed dictionary)

=w₁anmarda-

VTrA2

to crave (something), to want something) badly, to be very eager for (something). Cf. =n^gan^y banda-, w₁andha-.

Ex:

n^gan^gu=wanmardi-n^y "I want her badly (e.g., as my wife)' (past punctual here in perfective sense).

-gara:='nmarda-

to want a hole or burrow. 36.5.1.

-ruluj=ganmarda-

to want shade. 44.3.2.

(Entry on page 207 of printed dictionary)

w₁anmur

NAdj

underwater. For cpd. see =na- 'to see'.

(Entry on page 207 of printed dictionary)

ann^galbiya

or wann^galbiya

NcAnaØ

a large, dark-coloured, freshwater eel-tailed catfish, Neosilurusater. 52.3.4, 98.6.1/3, 107.2.3, 108.4.3.

(Entry on page 207 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ann^garayi-

VIntrI1

to shield oneself (with mabargu club).

Benef:

-a=bann^garayi- to shield (someone).

Related to =n^garaya-.

(Entry on page 208 of printed dictionary)

ann^ginaj

(your) husband.

P1:

mi-dann^ginaj.

For 1st person possessor form see gulgu ('husband', also 'wife'), for 3rd person possessor see following entry, for dyadic form see ali-jij.

(Entry on page 208 of printed dictionary)

ann^gina-yun^g

(her/their) husband. 14.3.1, 73.5.3, 74.2.6.

P1:

mi-dann^gina-yun^g.

For other forms see preceding entry.

(Entry on page 208 of printed dictionary)

=ann^yalin^yaliga-

VTrA2

to stir (tea in billycan, etc.).

Cf:

=yula-.

(Entry on page 208 of printed dictionary)

a:n^g

or wa:n^g

whatchamacallit?, what's-it?

Noun-phrase

filler used when speaker has forgotten name or other noun. Can take noun-class prefixes if speaker remembers noun class, but usually it occurs without prefix. Can take case suffixes, e.g., a:n^g-guy 'to whatchamacallit (place)?'.

Many exx. in texts, e.g., Text 24, 157.6.4.

Strong form: (w)a:n^gyagu, often pronounced (w)a:n^g jagu 20.4.3, 157.6.5. Also (w)a:n^g-manamana. 35.12.1.

NCder:

whatchamacallit? (Used for body-part of animal or part of object, where the noun being looked for is likely to be in the NC_der- form.) 13.19.4, 53.1.3.

(Entry on page 208 of printed dictionary)

-an^g-

Pref

(Variant of kin-term prefix -ran^g-, used with certain kin terms listed below, see a-n^gan^ggur, an^g-a:n^gguraj, etc.).

Cf:

-aN- for a similar element used mostly with verbs.

(Entry on page 208 of printed dictionary)

-an^ga-

Pref

(For -an^ga=muda- see =muda-; for other instances of -an^ga- see next entry.)

(Entry on page 208 of printed dictionary)

an^ga

NcAnaWu

camp, camping place, temporary dwelling or group of dwellings. 13.18.2, 14.2.1, 40.7.2, 57.1.1.

As cpd. initial: see =bura-, =ma:jga-, abal, =w₂adji-wu-, =wanda-.

NCder:

ritual trench (for particular cerenmoy or totem); camp (of animal). In sense 'ritual trench' takes form (an-)u-gan^ga NcAnaWu for madayin ritual 60.2.3; ma-gan^gaNcMana for gunabibi or ya:di ritual; ni-gan^ga NcNa in increase rite for northwest wind ba:ra 62.2.1/2.

For -an^ga=muda- see preceding entry.

(Entry on page 208 of printed dictionary)

an^gadajun^g

NcAna(Adv)

vigorously, hard.

Cf:

an^gudu, lhu:d.

(Entry on page 208 of printed dictionary)

=an^galha-

VTrA2

to spear (fish) in magul fishtrap. 113.10.3, 166.29.2/4.

(Entry on page 208 of printed dictionary)

-an^ga=muda-

VIntrA2

(See =muda-).

(Entry on page 208 of printed dictionary)

a-n^gan^ggur

(your), mother's mother or her brother.

P1:

mi-da-n^gan^g gur.

For 1st person form see ga:gu, for 3rd person possessor form see a-n^gan^ggur-yun^g, for dyadic form see an^ggur-yij.

(Entry on page 208 of printed dictionary)

an^g-a:n^gguraj

(your) sister's daughter's child, (woman's) daughter's child.

P1:

mi-dan^g-a:n^gguraj.

For 1st person possessor form see ga:gula, ni-ga:n^ggura (MSg), n^gari-ya:n^ggura (Fsg); for 3rd person see next entry.

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

an^g-a:n^ggura-yun^g

(his/their) sister's daughter's child, (her) daughter's child.

P1:

mi-dan^g-a:n^ggura-yun^g.

For related forms see preceding entry.

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

a-n^gan^ggur-yun^g

(his/their) mother's mother or her brother.

P1:

mi-da-n^gan^ggur-yun^g. 55.1.7.

For other forms see a-n^gan^ggur (preceding page, bottom).

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

=an^gara-

VTrA2

(For -lhal=an^gara- see =ran^gara-).

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

-an^ga=wanda-

VTrA2

(See =wanda-).

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

=an^gga-

VTrA1

to cause (sky and clouds) to fall. 5.17.2/3, 7.14.3. (Used in threat by Emu in myth.)

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

-an^ggara-

Pref

together.

See =ya- 'to go'.

For verb stem of this shape see next entry.

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

=an^ggara-

VTrYa

to sing songs of (ceremony or totem) with boomerang clapsticks (in gunabibi or mandiwala ritual).

Direct object often Mana (i.e., gunabibi or mandiwala).

Cf:

=min^ybarja-, wulmuwari. Distinct from =an^ggari-.

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

-w₁an^g=garan^gga-

VIntrA1

(See =w₁aran^gga-).

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

=an^ggari-

VIntrI1

(tide, saltwater) to come in, to be coming in. 13.43.1, Text 18 passim (e.g., 18.2.3, 18.8.1).

Cf:

adumu, maduwa

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

=w₂an^ggira-

VIntrN^ga1

to wake up (punctual aspect); to be awake, stay awake, stay up all night. 55.9.1.

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

-an^g=gurama-

VIntrA1

(See =w₁urama-).

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

an^ggur-yij

(dyadic) pair consisting of a person and his/her mother's mother or mother's mother's brother (ga:gu).

P1:

min^y-n^gan^ggur-yij (note stem change).

For related forms see a-n^gan^ggur(-yun^g).

Morphologically related forms occur also for the reciprocal kin category 'sister's daughter's child': see an^g-a:n^ggura (this page, top) and forms listed there.

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

wan^giriwan^giri

NcNa

young crow.

Adult:

wuwag, warbarg.

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

an^gudu

(possibly a-n^gudu)

NcAna(Adv)

forcefully, vigorously, hard. 1.9.2, 18.9.2, 43.7.1, 66.2.6, 73.8.3, 162.8.2.

Ex:

an^gudu ba=yambi:-na 'Speak (more) loudly!'

Possible segmentation a-n^gudu suggested by occurrence of

NCder:

attested as (an-)u-n^gudu-ruj 'deeply (into country)" 21.1.3. (However, a- in a-n^gudu is not the Ana class prefix.)

Cf:

an^gadajun^g, lhu:d.

(Entry on page 209 of printed dictionary)

a-n^gu-ji:bug

NAdj

(See ji:bug).

(Entry on page 210 of printed dictionary)

-w₂an^y=a-

VTr

(See =na- 'to see').

an^ybaj NAdj different, other. 12.1.1, 13.20.1, 13.27.2, 18.10.1, 35.11.3/4, 47.23.4, 17.1.6pred, 65.11.2pred, 66.3.6pred, 69.1.1, and others.

HumSg:

an^yba-jun^g. 12.8.3, 16.1.1, 16.22.4, 20.8.3.

P1 (human or nonhuman): mulun^g-an^ybaj. 13.3.3, 17.16.4, 66.3.5, 125.7.1.

Inch:

=an^ybaj-ma- VIntrA1 to become different, to change. 73.6.2ff.

Fact:

=an^ybaj-ga- (less common than =an^ybij-ga-, listed as separate entry below).

Ref1:

of Fact: =an^ybaj-gi-'- to change, become different. 97.6.2. (See also Ref1. of =an^ybij-ga-, separate listing below).

Some special uses of an^ybaj : an^yba-duj or a:-'n^yba-duj 'at another place, somewhere else' (Ana class, same class as lha:l 'country') 13.3.2, 43.5.1; ama:-'n^yba-duj 'the next day, another day (later)' (Mana class, like min^yn^gan^ga 'night', the usual unit in counting days) 63.4.4.

an^yba(j)-gan^ybaj

NcAnaWu many kinds, all sorts. 13.30.4, 93.1.5.

ana:-'n^ybaj-gana:n^ybaj

NcAnaWu (already includes noun-class prefixes) many kinds, all sorts (e.g., of animals). 59.7.2, 59.8.4, 69.11.2/3, 69.12.5, 108.4.4. This and the preceding item are highly unusual reduplications. The form ana:-'n^ybaj-gana:n^ybaj is really a rdp. of the entire form ana:-'n^ybaj 'other one (Ana class)', while an^yba(j)-gan^ybaj is the same irregular reduplication with the ana- prefix missing (in both halves).

As cpd. initial: see also -malG-, lha:l.

malan^ga-gan^ybaj

quite different, rather different.

Cf:

w₁algal.

(Entry on page 210 of printed dictionary)

-an^ybal-

Pref

(Occasional cpd. initial form of an^yjabal).

(Entry on page 210 of printed dictionary)

=an^ybij-ga-

or (in some cpds.) =w₁an^ybij-ga-

VTrA1

to change (something), to make (something) different. 65.11.3, 65.15.5.

A slightly irregular Fact. form for an^ybaj, above.

Ref1:

=an^ybij-gi-'-. 73.6.5. (In some cpds. =w₁an^ybij-gi-'-.)

-lhawu=wan^ybij-gi-'-

(Ref1) (words) to change. 73.6.5.

-ij=gan^ybij-gi-'-

(Ref1) (words) to change. 73.6.4.

(Entry on page 210 of printed dictionary)

=w₂an^ygala-

VIntrA2

(fish) to move around rapidly in water. 24.2.5.

Mult:

-n^gara=ban^ygala-. 24.2.6, 24.3.1.

(Entry on page 210 of printed dictionary)

-w₁an^yja-

Nc/Pref

food.

As cpd. initial in this sense (can be cross-referenced by a more specific noun phrase in the sentence designating a particular plant, animal, etc.): see =bura-, =mamara-, =n^gun^ymaa-, =arawindi-ma- (s.v. arawindi), =yu-.

As cpd. initial either with this sense, or as a meaningless filler cpd. initial: see -ari.

NCder:

edible part (of plant, etc.). Not common in this form.

Cf:

marya, dha:gadaj, lhan^ggu, -w₂aj-.

(Entry on page 210 of printed dictionary)

=w₁an^yja-1

VTrA2

to perform dance and songs for (totem, direct object). 52.2.6.

Cf:

next two entries.

(Entry on page 211 of printed dictionary)

=w₂an^yja-2

VTrA1

to uproot, to pull up or out.

-jir=wan^yja-

to pull out body hair or feathers of (animal). 95.5.2rdp.

-mada=wan^yja-

to uproot (grass, herb). 116.4.3, 125.8.1, 163.4.3rdp.

-nin^y=ban^yja-

to pull up (grass, herb) by the roots. 132.8.6.

-raga=wan^yja-

to pull up (grass for) maraga fish trap. 110.1.4ff.rdp.

Cf:

=n^gargiwa-.

(Entry on page 211 of printed dictionary)

=w₂an^yja-3

VIntrN^ga1

to smell (intr.), to emit a smell; to stink, to smell bad.

-n^ga:l=wan^yja-

to smell foul, slimy.

-w₁arawuj=ban^yja-

to have a scent; to stink, to smell bad. 16.18.5, 53.4.7.

-w₁uril=wan^yja-

to have a scent; to stink, to smell bad. 16.18.6.

For NAdj derivative see -w₂an^yja-wan^yja-n^ga-j, listed below.

Cf:

=yara-, -w₁arawuj-, -w₁uril-.

(Entry on page 211 of printed dictionary)

an^yjabal

NcAnaWu

armpit; corresponding part of animals (pectoral fin of fish, area behind head of rays). 12.3.1, 109.6.3/4. Variant n^gan^yjabal (NcMana).

As cpd. initial -(w₁)an^yjabal-, or shortened -an^ybal- or -an^yjal-, all attested with =a:yu-.

NC_der-gan^yjabal.

(Entry on page 211 of printed dictionary)

an^yja:bu

NAdj

or NcAna(Adv) together, in one group. 17.9.4, 41.6.4, 139.1.4, 113.3.3.

Ex:

wura:='n^yja:bu 'They are together'.

Ex:

wa:='ri ana:-'n^yja:bu amburu=buri-Ø 'They were not (sitting) together'.

For an^yja:bu-n^yun^g see an^yja:bugij, below.

As adverb 'together' often with Locative suffix: an^yja:bu-ruj 22.5.5, 157.16.1.

bari-wan^yja:bu-ruj

or bari-yan^yja:bu-ruj NAdj or NcAnaWu in one group.

Ex:

of this cpd.: numburu-bari=wan^yja:bu-ruj 'You(P1) will be together in one place'. (It is unusual for a Locative suffix to occur in a predicate NAdj expression; it would seem that -ruj is treated here as more or less a frozen part of the stem.) Cf. -an^yji-, =an^ggara-, milgi, and following entry.

(Entry on page 211 of printed dictionary)

an^yja:bugij

NAdj

one (numeral); single, by oneself. 69.5.5. HumSg: an^yja:bu-n^yun^g (note form). 20.6.1, 69.2.1.

P1:

an^yja:-'n^yja:bugij one by one. 73.2.3, 162.17.3. (Note that this P1. form is semantically specialised, and it can itself be reduplicated once or twice further):

an^yja:-'n^yja:-'n^yja:bugij

one by one. 118.4.2, 161.30.2-3.

an^yja:-'n^yja:-'n^yja:-'n^yja:bugij

one by one. 17.13.2 (with Pergressive case suffix -gaj).

As cpd. final: see maran^g, -malG-.

(na-)an^yji-yan^yja:bu-n^yun^g

(with Comit. -an^yji-) (man) having one (wife). 166.18.1. Cf. w₂ulalwulal for other ex.

(Entry on page 211 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)an^yjagan^yja

Nc/Pref(?)

(See discussion of gan^yjagan^yja).

(Entry on page 212 of printed dictionary)

-an^yjal-

Pref

(Occasional cpd. initial form of an^yjabal).

(Entry on page 212 of printed dictionary)

w₁an^yja:='ri

NAdj

(See -ari).

(Entry on page 212 of printed dictionary)

an^yjawalayun^g!

Interjection

poor fellow!

(Exclamation of pity or nostalgia.)

(Entry on page 212 of printed dictionary)

-w₂an^yja-wan^yja-n^ga-j

NAdj

having a smell, scented.

Attested in cpds.:

arawuj-ban^yja-wan^yja-n^ga-j

having a smell. 132.8.4.

Also present at least etymologically in jirijban^yjawan^yjan^gaj, listed separately. Derivative of verb =w₂an^yja- 'to smell'.

(Entry on page 212 of printed dictionary)

-an^yji-

Pref

with, accompanied by.

Comitative (Comit.) prefix in verbs; person accompanied is not specified in the verb form.

For use (infrequent) with nouns see exx. with root an^yja:bugij (this page, top) and with w₂ulalwulal.

(Entry on page 212 of printed dictionary)

-ar-

Pref

water (freshwater or saltwater).

Cpd:

initial form of gu:gu 'freshwater' (Ana class agreement) or lhagayag 'saltwater, sea' (Mana class).

As cpd. initial: see =barawuda-, =gudi-, =lhuddhulwa-, lhagabunulg, abulu, =w₂adja-, =anma-, =yabi-'- (s.v. =yaba-), =yi- 'to sleep', w₂ulun^ga.

ar-mawura:duj

NcAnaWu cold water. Attested in rdp.

ar-ma-mawura:duj

123.2.2. (Perhaps really arma:-'r-mawura:duj)

ar-mun^ggaran^g

NcAnaWu clean water.

(Entry on page 212 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ar-

Pref

(For -w₂ar=na- see =na- 'to see').

(Entry on page 212 of printed dictionary)

a:r

NcAnaWu

damper (food) made from nuts (bagaraag) of the cycad tree (n^gadhu). 116.13.1/2.

Usually ana-a:r (uncontracted) with noun-class prefix.

For cpd. initial -ar- see separate listing, above.

(Entry on page 212 of printed dictionary)

ara

NcAnaWu

arm.

As cpd. initial -w₁ara-: see w₁ulgulg, =yaba-, =lhamara-.

Cf:

w₂anja, (w)ana, lhaman. Distinct from w₂ara, below.

(Entry on page 212 of printed dictionary)

=(w₁)ara-

VIntrA1

or VIntrYa or VIntrN

-gulmun^g=gara-

to have a hole in one's belly. 156.3.5. (Al or Ya)

-a=gara-

(with -aG-) or -aban=gara- to be deep in ground/hole. (N)

Cf:

=dunbijga-. Related to gara 'hole'.

(Entry on page 212 of printed dictionary)

w₂ara

NAdj

not involved, not participating (in activity, fight, etc.).

lhagula-wara

clean-speaking, not prone to swearing.

ma:l-bara

not in (marriageable) kinship relation. (gloss here needs checking). (ma:lg)

Cf:

w₂ajar.

Possibly also present in yilbara (cf. yilg).

(Entry on page 212 of printed dictionary)

arabarabalu

NcAna(Adv)

outside, in the open. (not common)

Cf:

mawungarara, arari.

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

ar-abulu

NAdj

or NcAnaWu (See abulu).

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

=w₁arada-

VIntrA2

to go (to a place or object).

Ex:

nun^g=garada-n^gi ama-barawu-wuy 'You went to the boat'.

VTrA2

to go to (something), to head for or look for (something). 95.1.1, 108.5.3.

Possibly related to =agajirgarada-.

Cf:

=w₁agara-, =raganma-.

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

-w₁araga=ragu-

VTrU4

(See =ragu-).

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

aragu

NcN^gara

half-grown male dugong (n^garugalij).

In form nun^g-garagu NAdj or NcMana

uncircumcised boy(s).

See nun^g-garagu (separate listing) for full details.

As cpd. initial -aragu- uncircumcised boys; boy novices in circumcision ritual (mandiwala): see =w₂ayama-, =yarba-.

For parallel dugong/human relationship see female counterpart n^galan^yji.

Circumcised boy: w₁ulmur. Usual term for small boy or girl: w₂irig or w₂in^yig plus regular human suffixes.

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

waragu

NcAnaWu

modern metal axe. 8.1.2, 15.10.1, 50.2.1/2, 71.17.3, 104.4.3, 143.10.2, 161.25.2.

Syn:

ban^ggilijina.

Old stone axe: badan^gu, yijburu.

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

warajara

NcMana

flood, floodwaters. 98.6.7.

Cf:

n^gugu.

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

-w₁ara=lhamara-

VIntrA2

(See =lhamara-).

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

waralwaral

NcN^gara

young whistling tree-duck (yililij).

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

=w₂arama-

VIntrA1

(Form taken in cpds. by =barama-).

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

warambaldhu

NcMana

hammerhead shark. 64.3.1.

Evidently contains w₂aran^g 'ear' alluding to the laterally elongated head; remainder may be related to =w₂aldha- 'to be stretched out' (for construction compare rulbu-n^galn^galu).

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

-ar=ambamadha-

VTrA2

(See =ambamadha-).

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

-w₂aran=dhalhara-

VIntrA2

(See =lhalhara-).

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

-w₂aran=dhalabi-

VIntrI1

(See =lhalabi-).

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

a-randar

NcAnaWu

(See rarndar).

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

w₂aran^g

NcMana

ear. 66.3.1, 112.1.3.

As cpd. initial may also refer to hearing, forgetting, etc.: see =lhalabi-, =lhalhara-.

NC_der-baran^g.

Cf:

w₂a:n. Probably present in warambaldhu. Cf. =w₁argarguddha-.

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

aran^gay

NcN^gara

tall grasses which must be burned out at end of wet season, Sorghum spp., esp. S. plumosum.

(Entry on page 213 of printed dictionary)

-w₁aran^ggay

and -w₁aran^ggi- Pref spear (shaft).

As cpd. initial -w₁aran^ggi-: see =ma-, =lha- 'to stand', =ruruga-.

NCder:

ordinary (unmarked) form ma-garan^ggay. 69.5.6 (emend n^g to n^gg), 71.23.1, 13.20.2.

Cf:

larda.

(Entry on page 214 of printed dictionary)

-w₁aran^ggi-

Pref

(See preceding entry).

(Entry on page 214 of printed dictionary)

arara

NcMana

certain trees (family Verbenaceae) growing in wet areas (jungle, swamp, riverbank) with small white flowers, used for firesticks. 139.9.4.

Applied focally to Clerodendruminerme (but not other Clerodendrum spp.) and to Premnaacuminata, but is also applicable to the other Premna sp. I know of in the area, P. obtusifolia.

For Clerodendrumfloribundum and C. cunninghamii see buduga, alburun^ggu, and lhuruman (these three terms are sometimes interchanged among themselves, but in my experience are never applied to the arara spp. listed above). These two Clerodendrum spp. are, unlike arara, also used for medicinal purposes as well as for firesticks.

(Entry on page 214 of printed dictionary)

=w₂arara-

VIntrA2

to be slow; to be unable (e.g., to get food); to balk at doing something, to not go through with a plan or impulse.

Possible textual ex.: 138.5.5 (not clearly audible).

(Entry on page 214 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ararg-

Nc/Pref

small twigs or sticks (esp. in fire).

Can be used as cpd. initial.

NC_der-bararg.

Possibly related to mariyarg.

(Entry on page 214 of printed dictionary)

=ararja-

VTrA2

to pour (something) out. Possibly related to =rarja-.

-lha=gararja-

to pour (something) into one's mouth.

Benef:

-a-dha=gararja- to pour (something, not specified in verb) into the mouth of (someone, indirect object). 45.4.1/3.

Cf:

=w₁urya-.

(Entry on page 214 of printed dictionary)

=w₂arawararbi-

VIntrI1

to sway (e.g., boat in storm), to be rocked about; to shake, be shaken around.

-lam=barawararbi-

to shake head (in negative response). (la:n^g)

-yina=barawararbi-

to shake head (in negative response). (yinag)

Cf:

=lha:bi-, =biligaga-, =a:ndira-, =andarma-, =yaljala-.

(Entry on page 214 of printed dictionary)

warbarg

NcNa

crow.

Syn:

wuwag (about equally common), wuragurag (rare).

Young:

wan^giriwan^giri, ganduralbana. Call: wa:g!.

(Entry on page 214 of printed dictionary)

warbirin^yjina

NcNa

grey-crowned babbler (bird).

Syn:

gulan^gan^gag and variants (more common term).

(Entry on page 214 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ardha-

(Eng. 'work')

VIntrA2

to work (mainly in European sense of paid employment). 161.18.3/5, 138.4.3rdp, 143.7.4rdp, 161.29.3rdp.

Rdp:

-w₂a=wardha-.

Mult:

-n^gara=bardha-. 161.32.4rdp.

Do not confuse with =w₁addha-.

(Entry on page 214 of printed dictionary)

warda

NcAnaWu

a vine with edible taproot, Ipomoea ?abrupta (or velutina). 98.8.8, 98.10.2, Text 126, 157.7.6, 166.24.4.

(Entry on page 215 of printed dictionary)

=w₂argalha-

VTrA2

to do something repeatedly to (person or thing, direct object), especially to spear or shoot repeatedly, to riddle with spears or bullets. 32.2.1, 32.2.2rdp, 44.6.1, 44.6.2rdp, 45.11.1ff.rdp, 59.5.3, 59.8.6, 109.1.3rdp, 109.5.2rdp.

Recip:

=w₂argalhi-n^yji-. 70.1.6/7.

Syn:

=manbaga-, =midhugan^yji-.

(Entry on page 215 of printed dictionary)

-ar=galhara-

VTrA2

(See=w₁alhara-).

(Entry on page 215 of printed dictionary)

=w₁argarguddha-

VTrA2

to be unable to hear (something).

-w₂aran^g=gargarguddha-

to forget (something).

Cf:

-w₂aran=dhalhara- (s.v. =lhalhara-), -w₂aran=dhalabi-(s.v. =lhalabi-).

(Entry on page 215 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)argayag

juice, honey.

Attested as NC_der-gargayag. 116.13.1 (ma-gargayag, juicy pulp of cycad tree, n^gadhu).

Possibly related to -ar- 'water' and gayag 'bees eggs'.

(Entry on page 215 of printed dictionary)

ari

Particle

maybe.

Sometimes combined with muga in same basic meaning.

Possibly identical etymologically to next entry.

(Entry on page 215 of printed dictionary)

-ari

NAdj

absent, missing; nonexistent.

Occurs only in predicative forms and as cpd. finals.

Exx:

as predicative NAdj: 13.15.2, 15.9.7, 28.10.7, 76.2.2.

Ana form wa='ri also used as basic negative preverb 'not' in past and present tense (except potential), and as general one-word negative answer 'no'. Probably related to ari (above).

Inch:

=ari-ma to become absent. 139.2.4.

Fact:

=ari-wa- or =ari-ya- to cause to be absent, to make (something) disappear.

Caus:

=ari-jga- (attested in cpd., see below, with -lhud-).

Rdp:

form -ara:-'ri (often heard as -arari- without long vowel): 49.1.4ff. (cf. discussion of nigararij).

Inch:

of rdp. form: -ara:='ri-ma-. 97.8.1(punctual aspect). (Rdp. form seems to be simply an intensive, rather than a P1 or aspectual marker.)

As cpd. final may have usual meaning 'absent, nonexistent', but with stems implying praise for skills ('good hunter', etc.) it is used to reverse the meaning ('bad hunter'). For the latter usage see w₂alaj, perhaps malajgari.

-w₁an^yja:-'ri

absent, nonexistent. (Used sometimes specifically for foods, as usual with -w₁an^yja-, but elsewhere in general sense with other nouns as an intensive form of -ari). 58.1.2pred and 120.1.7 (foods), 47.8.1 (abstract), 166.15.1 (rope).

mun^g-gari

NAdj bald, lacking hair. (mu:n^g)

(Entry on page 215 of printed dictionary)

wa:='ri

none

(literally 'it is absent, it does not exist) no, not.

General negative word or preverb with present and past tense (except potential). Counterpart with potential, future, and imperative: yagi. Interjection: girjag!.

See -ari.

(Entry on page 215 of printed dictionary)

ariyar

or wariyar

NcNa

a wattle tree with pods shaped like the outline of an ear, Acaciaauriculaeformis (was also applied by informants to less common wattles which likewise grow in swamps and jungle fringes, including A. tanumbirinense).

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

warjar

NcAnaØ

a small freshwater eel-tailed catfish, said to be yellowish, larger than alalij.

Variant:

wadjar.

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

arlhag

NcNa

a eucalypt sp.

Used by some speakers as a synonym for wilin (ghost gum, locally 'whitebark', E. papuana) and/or for wun^gurug (woollybutt, E. miniata), but others indicate that it applies more strictly to E. grandifolia (slender trunk, smooth white bark, with very large and broad leaves), perhaps also to E. latifolia (leaves large but not quite as much as for E. grandifolia).

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

warma

NcAnaWu

a dark-coloured, smallish freshwater perch sp.

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

armag

NcMana

transitional season (change from one season to another).

Cf:

agalhal-.

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

-ar=malan^yji-

VIntrI2

(See =malan^yji-).

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

ar-mun^ggaran^g

NcAnaWu

(See -ar-).

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

warmurn^g

NcNa

wild cucumber (vine with small melons), Cucumismelo.

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ar=na-

V1ntr

(See =na- 'to see').

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

w₂arubaj

NAdj

or NcAna(Adv) close, nearby. 1.2.2, 8.3.2, 17.4.4, 17.5.1, 32.1.3, 41.16.1/3, 43.11.2pred, 65.7.3pred, 75.1.3, 161.7.1.

Opposite:

malan^ga-n^yanay.

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

=w₂aruma-

VTrA1

(Cpd. form of =baruma-).

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

-ar=warya-

VTrA2

(See =w₁arya-).

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

-ar=wudi-

VTrI1

(See =gudi-).

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

war!

Interjection

(shout by person flinging spear, or by bystander encouraging other person to throw spear).

Ex:

banu=ra-ya-n^gwar! 'Spear him! Pow!'.

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

-war

NAdj

Occurs only in cpd.:

bira-war

NAdj having sore rear end.

Related to verb=barlha-.

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

=ara-

VIntrA2

(water, river, etc.) to flow. 98.6.7.

-lhagula:='ra-

to overflow; to be brimming, on the verge of overflowing (from glass or other container). 1.10.3.

-w₁anan^g=gara-

(stem, e.g., of water lily) to lean with the current.

-al=ara-

(floater used with dugong harpoon spike) to float along with the dugong or turtle (to which the spike is attached). 112.3.2.

Perhaps also found in =walagagara-.

Cf:

=w₂ayama-. Note following (near-)homophonous stems.

(Entry on page 216 of printed dictionary)

ara

NcAnaØ

(person's) things, moveable possessions (clothing, blankets, etc.). 40.7.6.

Cf:

n^gurji.

Possibly identical to next entry at least etymologically.

(Entry on page 217 of printed dictionary)

-w₁ara-

word-initially ara-

Nc/Pref

heap.

As cpd. initial most often a Multiple (Mult.) prefix with verbs, translatable 'all' (referring to intransitive subject, transitive object, occasionally others, and almost always nonhuman) or 'all over, in several places'; such exx. are listed in the entries for the roots. Sometimes translatable as 'heap' as cpd. initial. Form usually –w₁ara-, but there are a few exx. of –w₁araG-, showing hardening of following consonant (see =w₂ala-, =w₁aya-, =w₁urya-).

NCder:

heap, pile (of things).

Can also be used occasionally as an emphatic P1. prefix with nouns designating broad flora-fauna categories: ara-n^gujija 'lots of/all kinds of fish', with noun-class prefix ana:-'ra-n^gujija (see also maln^gar).

Possibly identical to preceding entry (ara).

Do not confuse with –w₂ara- Nc/Pref 'damper' or wara 'lung'.

Other Mult. prefixes: -n^garan-/-n^garaG-, -lhagara-, -w₁aragara-, -w₂algara-.

(Entry on page 217 of printed dictionary)

=(w₁)ara-

VTrYa

-ani=gara-

to open up (native oven). 125.3.5. (anig)

Distinct from =ara- and =w₂ara-.

(Entry on page 217 of printed dictionary)

wara-

wa:-

Pref.

Noun-class prefix for Wara class and human P1.

With verbs: 3P1 subject on 3P1 object.

To be distinguished from Mult. –w₁ara- (word-initially ara-).

(Entry on page 217 of printed dictionary)

wara

NcAnaWu

lung(s). 95.6.2, 111.6.3.

(Entry on page 217 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ara-

Nc/Pref

damper (bread-like substance).

This can be made from cycad nuts, water lily seeds, etc., in addition to white man's flour.

As cpd. initial: see =nagi-, =ra-.

NCder:

including (war-)u-bara NcWara water lily damper (noun class as for ayag); ma-bara NcMana cycad damper (noun class as for n^gadhu and bagaraag).

Syn:

a:r (cycad damper).

Do not confuse with Mult. -w₁ara- or wara 'lung'.

(Entry on page 217 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ara-1

VIntrN^ga1

(Form of =bara- 'to be crooked' in cpds.)

See also next entry.

(Entry on page 217 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ara-2

VTrA2

-dhan^y=bara-

to drop (something), throw (it) down. 44.4.4, 162.14.2.

Mult:

-w₁ara-n^gu-dhan^y=bara-. 99.4.1.

-w₂ad=bara-

to drop, throw down, dump. 11.11.6, 44.2.3, 55.8.2.

Mult:

-w₁ara-wad=bara-. 13.23.3.

Ref1:

-wad=bari-'- to drop down. 24.4.3 (unclear), 63.2.5, 111.1.5.

Comit:

of Ref1: -an^yji-wad=bari-'-. 157.9.6.

-rugu-wad=bara-

to throw down (recently killed animal). 109.1.4.

Possibly also =galwara- (q.v.). Cf. =rabi-.

(Entry on page 217 of printed dictionary)

arabal

NcAnaWu

lightly forested area.

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

-w₁ara=bala-

VTrA2

(See =w₂ala-).

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

=w₁arada-

VIntrA2

to grow up, become full-grown. 92.1.3/4rdp, 92.3.4, 92.4.1, 101.3.4. Cf. =run^ggal-ma-, =yu-.

Caus:

=w₁aradi-jga- VTrA1 (mother, etc.) to raise (offspring). 74.2.6rdp.

The vowel-length difference between this and the next item does not appear to be consistently maintained.

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ara:da-

VTrA2

to scoop up (something).

-ba=gara:da-

to beckon to (someone), to signal to come.

See comment at end of preceding entry.

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

=w₁/w₂aradar-wu-

VIntrMa1

to eat breakfast, to have a little food (leftovers, etc.) early in the morning.

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

-w₁araG-

Pref

(Occasional variant of -w₁ara- ‘heap: Mult. Prefix’).

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

warag

NcNa

red-tailed black cockatoo.

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

araga

Particle

suddenly. 15.9.6, 119.2.1. Discussed in Grammar.

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

waraga

NcAnaWu

upper back (body part).

As cpd. initial: see =w₂agiwa-.

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

=w₂aragala-

VIntrA2

(objects) to be together in a bunch.

-nin^y=baragala-

(roots, etc.) to be in a bunch or cluster; (spears) to be bunched (sticking into object, such as crocodile which has been speared repeatedly). 45.11.6rdp.

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

=w₁aragalala-

VIntrA2

to be unable to walk.

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

-w₁aragara-

Pref

(Multiple prefix allomorph used with a few verbs: =lha- 'to stand', =a:ru-).

Other Mult. prefixes: -w₁ara-, -n^garaG-/-n^garan-, -lhagara-.

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

-w₁ara=gaya-

VIntrA2

(See =w₁aya-).

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

w₁ara-gayag

NAdj

(See w₁ayag).

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

aragin^y

NcMana

whistling tree found on coastal beaches, Casuarinaequisetifolia.

Distinct from wun^ggarar. Syn: waguwagu.

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

-w₁ara=gurya-

VTrA2

(See =w₁urya-).

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

=w₁arajgaraja-

VIntrA2

(quadruped) to trot or gallop along. 162.9.1.

Related to =garaja- (normal rdp. -ga=garaja-).

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

arama

NcAnaWu

cloud.

Syn:

n^gubunun^g (more common term).

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

aramalhamalha

NcAnaØ

moveable possessions (blankets, etc.) of deceased.

Perhaps related to ara.

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

-w₁ara:='mbulumbulura-

VTrA2

(Mult:

form of =ambulumbulura-).

(Entry on page 218 of printed dictionary)

=w₁aramilba:ladha-

VIntrN^ga1

to form a heap, to become heaped up. 149.2.3 (cycads).

VTrA2

to heap (things) up. 116.1.2ff. (cycads).

Appears to contain –w₁ara- 'heap'.

Cf:

-w₁ara=lhulhuwi- (s. v. =lhulhuwi-), =w₂uduwudanijga-.

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

aran^g

or waran^g

NcNa

young Saratoga fish (warmin).

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

aran^ga

NcMana

a species of water lily said to be common near the place waldhar, probably a Nymphaea sp. 59.10.4, 114.10.3, 114.11.1.

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

waran^galwaran^gal

NcNa

blowfly. 15.11.1.

Syn:

mambunun^gu (less common term). Cf. wargadjiga.

Blowfly larvae (maggots): ma:d.

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

=w₁aran^gga-

VIntrA1

to look (around), to look (at something). 5.15.3, 5.16.2, 10.12.5, 20.7.3, 13.22.3, 34.4.6rdp, etc.

Benef:

-a=garan^gga- to watch for (someone, something), to look for. 1.3.1rdp, 1.8.9, 13.23.2rdp, 18.22.5, 34.4.3, 40.4.3, 163.3.2rdp (nonhuman indirect object).

-w₁an^g=garan^gga-

to look around, to look all over. 94.1.5.

Related to =w₁aran^ggaran^gga- (listed separately, below).

Cf:

=na- 'to see', =garini-, =madhan^gada-, =n^gurni-.

For sense 'to search (for)' see =ragu-, =lharma-.

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

=w₁aran^ggaran^gga-

VIntrA1

to look around, to look all over (for something). 5.15.2, 7.10.3.

Etym:

Old rdp. form of =w₁aran^gga-, now dissociated formally (can now take punctual aspect forms).

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

aran^yann^gu

NcMana

edible fruits of the white mangrove tree, Avicenniamarina (lhalgur). 114.8.1, Text 118.

Syn:

n^gan^yjawalwal (uncommon, mostly songword).

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

arara

NcN^gara

sail (of Macassan boat or ship). 167.3.3, 167.4.2.

Ordinary word for 'sail': dhumbala.

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ara=ra-

VTr

(See =ra-).

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ararada-

VIntrA2

to be split or cracked.

-ra-wara=wararada-

(with internal rdp.) to have irregularly shaped 'teeth' (said of giant clam, nun^gga:ri). 103.1.4.

Possibly related to =bara-.

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

=w₁arararmararma-

VIntrA1

to be vibrating.

Possibly related to =badarma- (cf. -baG-).

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

=w₁arar-bu-

VIntrMa1

(See =w₁arar-bu-).

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)arar

NAdj

w₂an-garar

NAdj lively, eager.

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

arara

NcAnaWu

daytime. 71.4.1.

Inch:

=arara-ma- to be/become daytime.

Fact:

=arara-ga- to expose, reveal, bring to light.

-agajij=garara-ga-

(Fact) to expose.

Cf:

mawungarara (possibly related), =abandira-.

Opposite:

min^yn^gu. Cf. min^yn^gan^ga.

(Entry on page 219 of printed dictionary)

=arara-

VTrA2

to draw (design), to write (words); to make a picture or image of (photography, etc.). 7.21.6, 64.9.7, 161.35.6.

Ex:

n^gan^ga:=’rara-n^gi 'I drew (made a drawing of) '

-maln^guj=garara-

to make a picture of (someone, something).

-mari=yarara-

to make (marks).

-mij=garara-

to write (words, names).

-wala=garara-

to paint (coffin). 170.3.5. (walag)

-yan^g=arara

to write down voice (i.e., words). 64.9.8.

-yina=garari-'-

(Ref1) to have marks on one's face.

(Entry on page 220 of printed dictionary)

=ara:ragi-

VIntrI1

(full moon) to shine.

Subject is labama 'moon'.

(Entry on page 220 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ararawi-

VIntrI1

-maran^g=gararawi-

to gesture or signal with hand.

(Entry on page 220 of printed dictionary)

=w₁arar-bu-

or =w₁arar-bu-

VIntrMa1

(fish) to jump around. 110.3.1.

Mult:

-n^gara=garar-bu- or -n^gara=garar-bu-. 24.1.2.

Transcription (r vs. r) needs checking.

Cf:

=garaja-, =abi-.

(Entry on page 220 of printed dictionary)

arari

NAdj

public, not sacred.

Opposite:

gudugudu, madayin.

The term arbidi 'anyway, not special, unrestricted' can also be used in this sense.

(Entry on page 220 of printed dictionary)

=warariya-

VTrA1

to congratulate or praise (someone), e.g., by calling out yiririririri! to a dancer after a good performance.

Cf:

abal, etc.

(Entry on page 220 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)arawadgarawad

NAdj

(This may be the root in bagarawadgarawad, q.v.)

(Entry on page 220 of printed dictionary)

=w₁arawala-

VIntrA2

to have blood running down one's body. 83.1.3/4.

-maran^g=garawala-

to have blood running on or down one's hand.

Cf:

=w₂ala-.

(Entry on page 220 of printed dictionary)

-w₁ara=wa(wa)ruma-

VTrA1

(See =baruma-).

(Entry on page 220 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ara-wara-

VIntrN^gal

(Rdp. of =bara- in cpds.).

(Entry on page 220 of printed dictionary)

-w₁arawindi

word-initially arawindi

NAdj

many, much. 13.6.4, 17.14.1, 62.1.6, 64.1.5, 98.2.2pred, 157.12.2.

With suffix -lhan^gu. 160.1.3.

(-w₁)ara:-'rawindi

(rdp. or with Mult. w₁ara-). 41.1.6.

Inch:

=w₁arawindi-ma-. 58.3.2.

manda-garawindi

big (group). (-mandag-)

-w₁an^yja:='rawindi-ma-

(Inch). 58.2.5, 58.3.4.

Opposite:

adhara.

Synonyms (mostly more intensive): dha:lun, gan^yjagan^yja, garn^yirimba, guririguriri. Cf. =rama-.

(Entry on page 220 of printed dictionary)

arawuj

NcAnaWu

smell, odour. 45.10.1.

As cpd. initial –w₁arawuj-: see =lharma-, =w₂an^yja-, =anibi-.

NCder:

odour (of particular object).

For NAdj derivative see -w₂an^yja-wan^yja-n^ga-j.

Cf:

=yara-, =w₂an^yja-, -wluril-, =yimun^y-gi-'-.

(Entry on page 220 of printed dictionary)

-w₁arawulubulug

word-initially arawulubulug

NAdj

in small bits, scattered.

Ex:

n^gi=yarawulubulug 'It (rain, anbana) is light'.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

arawuwarg

NcN^gara

little black cormorant.

Young:

buralal.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

=wara:ya-

VIntrA2

(itch, rash) to clear up. 139.2.4.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

=w₁arayamawa-

or =w₁arayamaa-

VTrA1

to swear at, to abuse (someone) verbally.

Cf:

=ra-.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

waraybaray

NcNa

(Variant of waraywaray).

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

waraywaray

or (rarely) waraybaray

NcNa

varied lorikeet (nectareating parrot with red patch on crown).

Syn:

wiriwiri.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

arbarbira

or warbarbira

NcAnaØ

devil ray, Manta sp. 35.12.2.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

=w₂arbarlha-

VIntrA2

to be stiff, sore.

Mult:-w₁ara=warbarlha-

to be stiff or sore (all over).

Related to =barlha-, -war.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

=w₂arbi-

VIntrI1

(honey) to be shaken or stirred.

Caus:

=w₂ arbi-jga- to roll (honey) around, to stir (honey) up. 142.6.7.

-lhan^y=barbi-

to move tongue. 140.2.2.

-w₁urij=barbi-

or w₁uruj=barbi- to shake body vigorously (inmortuary or circumcision ritual). 52.6.6, 55.1.5.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

arbidi

NcAna(Adv)

nevertheless, anyway; in no special way, in just any way; of just any type, not special; haphazardly, without much attention. 57.3.1/3, 68.1.6, 71.32.1, 73.7.1, 84.1.3, 87.1.6, 106.4.2, 112.6.2. Cf. argargayag.

nun^g-arbidi

NAdj not special (person, name). 87.1.3/7pred.

-run^g=arbidi-ma-

VIntrA1 (Inch) to behave in just any way, without much attention. 73.7.2.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

arbidiyun^g

or warbidiyun^g

NcAnaØ

a large black water insect eaten by tortoises.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

ardha

NcAnaWu

tail (of dugong, whale, or porpoise). 62.2.6, 111.4.6.

As cpd. initial -w₁ardha-: see =lharara-.

NCder:

62.2.5 (ni-gardha, dugong-shaped 'tail' in trench for increase rite of ba:ra 'northwest wind').

Cf:

rabara, -dhanbarj-, laga.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

wardhambal

NcAnaWu

stone spear. 69.8.1, 71.4.2.

Syn:

la:ga (most common term), wariman.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

=w₁arda-

VIntrA2

to paw the ground. 5.3.4 (tape unclear).

-nin^y=gardha-

to paw at or scratch around grass roots. Attested as irregular rdp. -nin^ygi-nin^y-ga=garda- 7.19.4 (should be -nin^ygi-nin^y=garda-).

Not always clearly distinguished from next item by vowel length.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

=w₁a:rda-

VTrA2

to dig out (buried bones of man), to disinter.

See comment on preceding item.

(Entry on page 221 of printed dictionary)

ardan

NcAnaWu

broad armband made from ra:n vine (q.v.) or from the palm n^gabann^ga (q.v.).

Cf:

manba (usual term for armband from ra:n).

(Entry on page 222 of printed dictionary)

warga

NcNa

sawshark.

(Entry on page 222 of printed dictionary)

=w₂arga-1

VTrRa

(For form =w₂arga-y see =w₂argu-, below).

(Entry on page 222 of printed dictionary)

=w₂arga-2

VTrA1

to mend, sew up. 53.4.3/5rdp.

Rdp:

-w₂a=warga-. For cpd. -lha=barga- see =barga-.

Benef:

-wa:=barga-. 163.22.5.

(Entry on page 222 of printed dictionary)

=w₂arga-3

VIntrN

to throw (object unspecified in verb). 5.3.2, 7.15.4, 3.1.4, 12.8.2, 15.3.1, 15.11.3, 17.15.1, 43.15.3, 69.4.4, 70.3.9, 104.3.5.

Cf:

=barawuda-, =yarawa-.

VIntrN

to have or get a large object, large amount, many (object unspecified in verb). 15.1.4, 34.2.5, 59.4.1, 59.6.2, 59.6.6, 109.2.6rdp, 110.3.6, 143.3.1, 143.4.4, 157.9.1rdp, 163.11.3rdp.

(If senses 1 and 2 represent a single etymon, the semantic link may be that when one catches large quantities of fish, etc., one engages in throwing them vigorously (from water onto land or into boat).)

VIntrN

to move quickly along (in boat, etc.). 71.21.1 (possible ex.), 111.3.2, 163.22.5.

-jalala=warga-

(ray) to slide along bottom; (water) to gush up (in spring or well). 35.4.2.

-ram=barga-

(flying foxes, etc.) to fly along in a flock. 99.1.1ff.

(Entry on page 222 of printed dictionary)

wargad

NcAnaWu

vomit (regurgitated matter).

Semantically closest verb is =n^gan^yji-.

Formally related stem (next entry, below) shows partial semantic divergence.

(Entry on page 222 of printed dictionary)

=w₂argad-bu-

VIntrMa1

to belch, burp. 16.16.1rdp, 16.18.5.

Formally related to preceding entry.

(Entry on page 222 of printed dictionary)

wargadjiga

NcNa

a yellowish blowfly sp.

Common blowfly: waran^galwaran^gal.

(Entry on page 222 of printed dictionary)

argalharuwa

NcAnaWu

a type of coral.

Other types: nijura, amuwan^gga.

(Entry on page 222 of printed dictionary)

wargalg

NcAnaWu

rainwater on ground (including puddles). 98.6.6.

As cpd. initial: see =w₁alaldha-.

(Entry on page 222 of printed dictionary)

argali

NcAna(Adv)

in the west. 143.12.8, 162.4.2.

Often in rdp. form arga:-'rgali (often heard as argargali) '(far) in the west'. 13.6.1, 33.3.1, 16.18.3, 40.2.4, 117.4.6.

argali-n^yi

westward, (going) to the west. 16.13.4, 20.14.6, 29.6.5, 47.1.2, 113.4.6.

argali:-'la

(coming) from the west. 52.4.5.

arga:-'rgali-yaj

along through the west. 40.3.2.

(Entry on page 222 of printed dictionary)

argarg

NcMana

female darter, 'diver duck'. 59.5.6.

Syn:

wurubudug (less common).

Male:

yan^ggalan. Young: manan.

(Entry on page 223 of printed dictionary)

-w₁argarga

word-initially argarga

NAdj

destitute, lacking (something).

Ex:

ma=argarga 'It (boat) is without (sails)'.

(Entry on page 223 of printed dictionary)

argargayag

NcAna(Adv)

for nothing; anyway. (not common)

Cf:

arbidi.

(Entry on page 223 of printed dictionary)

argi

NcAnaØ

loose possessions (bedding, etc.). 146.1.2/3.

Cf:

n^gurji.

NAdj

some (as opposed to others), some others. 27.7.4, 33.4,2, 97.2.3, 156.2.4.

In form ana:-'rgi with Ana class prefix: sometimes, on some occasions (as opposed to others). 33.4,1, 55.8.4, 59.6.1.

P1 (most often human, sometimes nonhuman): mulun^g-argi 41.23.1, 55.4.2, 87.1.8, 164.1.3, or mulun^g-argi-yun^g66.1.2/4, 67.1.1, 35.9.1, 87.1.1.

(Entry on page 223 of printed dictionary)

=argi-

VTrI1

to pull. 1.10.5, 5.11.5, 5.11.6rdp, 11.11.4, 11.11.5rdp, 13.15.3, 104.4.2rdp, 108.6.2, 108.6.3rdp, 162.14.1, 166.9.2, 163.1.5rdp.

Recip:

=argi-n^yji- VIntrI2 to race (with each other). 16.13.7, 27.3.1/2, 43.15.5. For this meaning cf. aldha, =agulhan^yji-.

-mun=n^gargi-

to pull (someone) by the leg.

-ramar=argi-

to entice, tempt (someone).

Cf:

=n^gargiwa-, =n^garda-, =w₂an^yja- 'to uproot'.

(Entry on page 223 of printed dictionary)

w₂argu

NcAnaWu

shoulder (esp. upper arm just below shoulder joint). 161.33.4.

NCder:

(Possibly related to mabargu, q.v.).

Cf:

madun^g, mu:n, n^yalaj.

Perhaps related to verb =w₂argu-.

(Entry on page 223 of printed dictionary)

w₂argu-

none

VTrRa (including =w₂arga-y) to carry (something) on one's shoulder, back, or top of one's head (mostly fairly large or heavy objects). 3.7.1, 5.7.2, 44.1.4ff., 44.2.6ff.rdp, 50.2.1, 129.1.1rdp, 151.2.1, 157.10.2, 161.33.6.

Recip:

=w₂argu-ri-n^yji to carry each other (on back); to carry (load, unspecified in verb) on back or shoulder. 59.10.2, 108.8.1rdp, 110.3.5rdp, 161.33.6/7. Cf. =bududuga-, w₁/w₂arwargu-.

-lhaj=bargu-

to carry (firewood).

-n^gal=wargu-

to carry (object) over shoulders. 99.3.4 (flying fox).

-w₂aj=bargu-

to carry (food). 157.9.3.

-in^y=bargu-

to put (something) around one's head and shoulders.

(Entry on page 223 of printed dictionary)

=ariba-

VTrA1

to not see, be unaware of, lose. 10.6.1, 15.15.4.

-w₁anan^g=gariba-

to not see, miss (visually)(yam leaves).

(Entry on page 223 of printed dictionary)

arigari

NcMana

grass sp. whose soft white roots are used to eat honey with, Alloteropsissemialata.

Cf:

wulug.

(Entry on page 223 of printed dictionary)

w₂arigulag

NcAnaWu

bark (of tree). (rare except in form below)

NCder:

125.5.2 (war-)u-barigulag; 142.1.5 and 156.1.3 ma-barigulag.

Related to magulag (cf. lhagula).

As cpd. initial: see =lala-, =nini-ma- (s.v. ninig).

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

wariman

NcAnaWu

stone spear. 69.8.6.

Syn:

la:ga, wardhambal.

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

warin^ybarin^y

NcAnaWu

dense scrub.

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

wariyil

NcN^gara

ray sp. 59.8.5, 109.2.3, 109.4.4

Said by some speakers to be a female ga:mbuma, but perhaps zoologically a distinct sp.

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

warjara

NcNa

paperbark tree sp. found at the edge of billabongs or rivers, Melaleuca sp. 116.12.2.

Seen at wumajbar billabong but not identifiable; belongs to the general type M. leucadendron (sensus latus).

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

arjambal

NcAnaØ

antelopine kangaroo, Macropusantelopinus. (common) 53.3.3, 59.6.5, 71.22.3, 95.9.1, 125.6.1.

Female:

anda:lburu, yalarba, mawulgamin.

Syn:

lhaga:mbalag, gandargi, jadugal (all uncommon).

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

=w₂arlha-

VIntrA2

(See =barlha-).

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

armann^gal

NcNa

type of yellow clay used in painting.

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

warmin

NcNa

Saratoga fish, Scleropagesjardini. 52.3.3, 53.3.2, 98.6.4, 108.4.3, 108.7.3, 116.9.3.

Young:

waran^g or aran^g.

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

=w₁armun^ggu-

VTrRa

to carry (basket, dillybag) under shoulder, held by small strap slung over shoulder. 157.8.1.

Cf:

=w₂argu-, =w₂idhi-.

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

=w₂arn^gayu-

VTrN^ga4

to pity (someone), to feel sorry for. 17.12.5.

Cf:

=ma:rma-, an^yjawalayun^g

For abstract noun derivative see next entry.

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

warn^gayun^y

NcAnaWu

pity, feeling sorry. (not common)

Related to preceding entry.

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

warn^ggulg

spike of ray (also used as weapon).

Noun class not recorded.

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

arn^yal

NcMana

the most prominent local type of spinifex grass, common on sand dunes, Triodiamicrostachya.

Smaller inland sp.: ya:ln^g.

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

=a:ru-

VTrU2

to abandon, to leave behind or to the side. 3.2.4, 5.13.4, 8.6.1, 11.9.2, 11.12.1, 13.9.5, 13.12.3, 15.12.1, Text 18 (e.g., 18.5.7), 28.12.4, 47.17.7, 50.4.5, 68.1.4, 109.5.5.

Mult:

w₁aragara:='ru-. 18.16.4, 18.20.7, 29.11.5, 143.13.2.

Recip:

=a:ru-n^yji- to abandon each other (i.e., break up into small groups). 113.5.4rdp.

-agajij=ga:ru-

to abandon.

-n^garan-garagara:='ru-

(Mult) to leave all the honey.

Cf:

w₁/w₂urag.

(Entry on page 224 of printed dictionary)

arulg

NcAnaØ

honey bee, esp. of the nabi species (q.v.). 143.9.4/5.

Refers to the bee only.

(Entry on page 225 of printed dictionary)

warwada

NcAnaØ

snake-mackerel or similar fish.

Exact sp. identification unclear (used mainly as songword).

(Entry on page 225 of printed dictionary)

arwagarwar

NcAna(Adv)

or (rarely) NAdj above, on top; uphill, upstream. 40.7.6, 71.1.4, 117.5.3 (NAdj), 170.2.1.

arwagarwar-(w)ala-(w)aj

(going along) on top. 43.2.1, 43.4.4, 163.8.6.

As cpd. final: see magulag.

Etym:

irregular rdp. of arwar (q.v.).

(Entry on page 225 of printed dictionary)

arwar

NcAnaWu

above, on top; uphill, upriver, inland. 1.1.8, 1.10.3, 15.6.5, 15.15.2, 50.2.3/5, 57.1.4, 66.2.6, 10.6.1, 95.4.1, 109.2.2, 144.1.5, 161.27.5, 163.5.4.

arwar-(w)ala

from above, from inland, etc. 21.1.5, 25.4.4.

arwar-(w)aj

(going) on top, inland, etc. 57.4.3.

(For synonymous arwi-yaj see separate listing, below.)

Intensive form: arwagarwar (preceding entry).

Fact:

=arwar-ga- VTrA1 to put (something) on top. (uncommon).

Cf:

=n^gardha-, =lalaga-, =w₂ida-.

Opposite:

lhiribala.

(Entry on page 225 of printed dictionary)

arwaraj

NcAna(Adv)

softly, lightly, delicately (in context of touching, etc.).

Cf:

also arwar-(w) aj in preceding entry. Opposite: an^gudu, lhu:d.

(Entry on page 225 of printed dictionary)

w₂arwar

NcNa

thick low stringybark (E. tetradonta) scrub. 8.1.4, 40.3.4, 162.20.3.

Cf:

num-barwar for a related form and relevant discussion.

Place name yi:-warwar-(y) in^yun^g means '(place) of warwar'.

(Entry on page 225 of printed dictionary)

=w₂

arwara-

VIntrA2

(person) to feel a sudden twinge (usually a premonition of danger for some close kinsman who may be far away). 10.11.1, 10.11.2rdp.

(Entry on page 225 of printed dictionary)

w₁/w₂

arwargu- or =w₁/w₂ arwarwu-

VTrRa

to carry (several objects) slung over ones shoulder and back; to drag (several objects) along behind oneself. 145.1.3. Is w₁/w₂arwu- in some cpds.

Benef:

usually -a=garwargu- or -a=garwarwu-.

-w₂aj=barwarwu-

to carry (food) on head. 157.9.2/3.

Cf:

w₂argu-, etc.

(Entry on page 225 of printed dictionary)

arwi-yaj

NcAna(Adv)

upward, (going) uphill or upriver, (going) inland. 13.6.2, 13.43.3, 21.3.4, 27.5.5, 65.8.2, 125.13.3. Functions as a case form of arwar (q.v.).

(Entry on page 225 of printed dictionary)

w₁/w₂arwu-

VTrRa

(Occasional cpd. form of w₁/w₂arwargu-.)

(Entry on page 225 of printed dictionary)

arwululug

or garwululug

NcAnaØ

(small quails. Cf. jirgij.

(Entry on page 225 of printed dictionary)

w₁arya-

VTrA2

to carve (delicately), whittle (as in making wooden hooks for hook spear, lhalun^ggu). 13.19.1rdp, 13.20.1rdp (typo; emend ='ryara- to -'rya:='rya-), 166.12.2. Cf. =lharba-, =yu-.

-ar=warya-

to pour out (water).

(Entry on page 225 of printed dictionary)

waryagaryag

NAdj

insignificant, infrequent, not much. 73.4.1pred (only attestation).

Cf:

adhara.

(Entry on page 225 of printed dictionary)

-aryi-

Nc/Pref

bundle (wrapped up or swaddled).

As cpd. initial: see =yaba-.

NC_der-garyi.

Cf:

yigurun^g.

(Entry on page 226 of printed dictionary)

=w₂awalha-

VIntrA2

to be (wide) open, to be in the open.

Caus:

=w₂awalhi-jga- VTrA1 to open (something) up.

Mult:

of Caus: w₁ara=wawalhi-jga-. 139.11.4.

With cpd. initial the usual base form is =w₂awalha-, but is =bawalha- with -ar- (see below) and =walhi-'- (apparently with Ref1. suffix) with -wurugu- (see below):

-gara=wawalha-

(hole) to be open. 43.12.3, 43.13.2, 45.9.5, 112.1.3, 161.35.5.

-gara=wawalhi-jga-

(Caus) to open up hole. 108.4.1/2.

-lhal=wawalha-

(country) to be open (i.e., to stretch out before one's vision). 139.3.4.

-lham=bawalha-

(clouds) to be absent, (sky) to be open or clear.

Ex:

wu-lham=bawalhi:-' ana-n^gubunun^g 'Clouds are absent from sky'.

-ra=wawalha-

to open one's teeth. 103.2.3 (giant clam).

-ramadhan=bawalha-

to open one's mouth, to have one's mouth open, to gape.

-wala=bawalha-

(hollow log) to be open (at end). 43.15.5.

-ar-n^gu=bawalha-

(water, sea) to be clear. 42.5.4.

-wurugu=walhi-'-

to be vast, to stretch out for a wide area (subject may be wurugu 'billabong' but can also be a term for any land or water area). 10.4.2.

NAdj derivative: see -w₂a=wawalhu-j, below.

Cf:

=ralga-, arari, mawungarara.

Form =w₂alhi-'- possibly also present in =lhulmuwalhi- (q.v.).

(Entry on page 226 of printed dictionary)

=w₁awala-

VIntrA2

to tell a lie. 34.5.3/4.

(Entry on page 226 of printed dictionary)

awan-n^yij

or an-n^yij

(dyadic) father and child pair.

P1:

mij-bawan-n^yij, mij-ban-n^yij, less often mij-gawan-n^yij, mij-gan-n^yij.

Root best represented as (-w₂)awan-.

Cf:

baba, ni-n^yara.

(Entry on page 226 of printed dictionary)

=w₁awan^ggi-

VIntrI1

(or I2) to listen (to something), to heed. 16.20.1, 16.23.1rdp, 20.13.2, 21.4.4/6, 27.4.5, 33.2.5, 47.13.6, 47.10.3, 57.4.4, 65.2.6rdp, 165.1.7.

Mult:

with internal rdp: w₁ara:-'wa:='wan^ggi-. 47.10.3.

Cf:

=yan^ga-, =w₂angi-, w₂a:n, w₂aran^g.

(Entry on page 226 of printed dictionary)

=w₂awaruma-

VTrA1

(See =baruma-).

(Entry on page 226 of printed dictionary)

-w₂a-wawalhu-j

NAdj

wide open (in cpds.).

wala-ba-wawalhu-j

NcAnaWu open coffin. 52.2.2.

NAdj derivative of verb =w₂awalha-.

(Entry on page 226 of printed dictionary)

=w₂awayiwa-

or =w₂ awayuwa-

VTrA2

to smash, break, hit; to snap (e.g., match) in two. 161.25.4.

Mult:

w₁ara=wawayiwa- to break all over.

-ran^ga=bawayiwa-

to break up (pieces of wood). (ran^gag)

Cf:

=w₂u-, =w₂alga-, and related vocabulary.

(Entry on page 226 of printed dictionary)

=awu-ba-

VTrN^ga3

(See =w₂a-).

(Entry on page 227 of printed dictionary)

=(w₁)awulma-

VIntrA3

This root possibly identifiable in =bagawulma- (q.v.).

(Entry on page 227 of printed dictionary)

=w₁awula-

VTrA2

to illuminate (something), to light (it) up. 143.9.3, 162.7.2, 162.16.2.

Ex:

n^gama=wawuli-n^y 'I lit it (boat, barawu) up'.

(Entry on page 227 of printed dictionary)

=w₁awun^yma-

VIntrA1

to chew. Cf. =lhaganma-.

(Entry on page 227 of printed dictionary)

=wawuya-

VIntrA1

to scoop up (e.g., madiga roots) from water or mud.

(Entry on page 227 of printed dictionary)

a:y

NcAnaWu

paperbark raft.

NcAnaWu

nest (general term). 10.6.1.

With noun-class prefix often uncontracted ana-a:y.

As cpd. initial: see =w₂ann^ga-.

NCder:

nest (of particular animal). 10.1.3/4 (n^gari-gay, of jabiru bird, anji).

More specific kinds of nest (for particular animals): see nigaburg (for jungle-fowl), gulmun^g 'belly' (for paper wasp), w₁alma- (flying fox).

(Entry on page 227 of printed dictionary)

way!

Interjection

hey!, oh dear! 3.7.3, 5.6.1, 28.11.4, 168.8.2.

Usually indicates sudden recognition of danger.

(Entry on page 227 of printed dictionary)

-waya-

Pref

(For -waya=yambi- see =yambi-).

(Entry on page 227 of printed dictionary)

=w₁aya-1

VIntrA2

to be hurt.

Used mainly in cpds.:

-w₁ara=gaya-

to be hurt, have a pain, have an injury (most neutral cpd. form not specifying location). 128.1.6, 162.15.3.

Caus:

-w₁ara=gayi-jga- VTrA1 to hurt (someone). 162.15.2.

More specific cpds. have a body-part term or the like in place of-w₁araG- in the above cpd., or else add a body-part term in front of the entire sequence w₁ara=gaya-:

-ba=gaya-

to hurt one's (own) eye.

-dan=gaya-

to have a bellyache or abdominal ache. 47.12.7, 123.2.6, 132.1.1.

Caus:

-dan=gayi-jga-. 162.18.5.

-dan-gara=gaya-

to have a bellyache or abdominal ache. 10.7.2, 162.18.3.

-gulmun^g-gara=gaya-

to have a bellyache. 131.2.3.

-w₂an=gaya-

to have an earache.

(Entry on page 227 of printed dictionary)

=w₁aya-2

VIntrA2

-lhan^y=gaya-

to be salty-tasting or acidic.

NAdj derivative: see lhan^yga-lhan^y-gayu-j.

-lhamij=gaya-

to taste bad.

Related to w₁ayag. Relationship to preceding entry unclear.

(Entry on page 227 of printed dictionary)

ayag

NcWara

edible seeds and pod of large water lily, Nymphaea ?gigantea; (more generally) this sp. of water lily. 55.4.3, 114.4.1ff., 157.8.5, 157.10.2.

Cf:

-mundurg-, -w₂ara-.

It is not clear whether there is any etymological relationship to w₁ayag (next entry).

(Entry on page 227 of printed dictionary)

w₁ayag

NAdj

bad-tasting, bitter. 156.4.3/4pred.

Inch:

=w₁aya-ma-. 118.3.3.

Fact:

=w₁aya-ga-.

w₁ara-gayag,

word-initially ara-gayag NAdj bad-tasting, bitter. 64.6.2pred.

lhamij-gayag

NAdj bad-tasting, bitter-tasting.

Related to verb =w₁aya- 'to taste bad', and possibly to lhagayag.

(Entry on page 228 of printed dictionary)

=w₁/w₂ayajara-

VTrA2

to lay out, set out (bed, etc.). 71.19.3/5rdp, 116.5.1, 146.1.2/3, 163.4.4, 163.4.4rdp. (exx. all have AnaØ object, cf. nouns argi, n^gurji. Other possibility is that stem is intransitive, but it is clearly transitive in the cpd. below.)

-mun=gayajara-

to spread out branches under 'foot' (tire) of (vehicle). 163.4.4rdp, 163.4.5. (Direct object is Mana class in these exx., referring to 'foot', i.e., tires of the vehicle; if there were also an independent noun for 'tire' here it would probably be in NC_der form ma-mun.)

Cf:

=w₁a:lhuda-.

(Entry on page 228 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ayajarda-

or =w₁ ayarjarda-

VIntrA2

to drive something into hole or ground. 13.40.1.

(Entry on page 228 of printed dictionary)

w₁/w₂ayama-

VIntrA3

to keep going, to continue along; (wind) to blow along. 1.1.5, 1.4.3rdp, 5.3.2rdp, 17.5.3, 169.1.7 (wind), and many others.

Comit:

-an^yji=wayama-. 12.5.3rdp, 14.13.5.

Always =w₂ayama- in cpds.:

-gal=bayama-

(honey bees) to keep flying along. (-galg-)

-lhan^gun^y=bayama-

(wind) to blow along.

-lhalm=bayama-

(flame) to keep burning. (-lhaln^g-)

-man=bayama-

(group) to keep going. 27.3.2.

-ragar=bayama-

to drop or fall down violently or dangerously

(e:

., object falling from tree). 43.5.3, 43.4.3. (-ragarG-)

-aragu=wayama-

(uncircumcised boy or boys) to go along. 55.2.1.

-yiga=wayama-

(fire) to proceed, to spread along. 94.2.2, 94.3.5.

For wind blowing cf. =jirarja-.

(Entry on page 228 of printed dictionary)

ayan^ga

NcMana

firedrill (two-part implement for making sparks to light fire). 96.1.3, 166.16.1.

NcMana

a tree sp. whose wood is used to make firedrills (firesticks), Clerodendrumfloribundum.

Syn:

lhuruman (both senses).

For sense 2 cf. buduga, alburun^ggu.

Related to following entry.

(Entry on page 228 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ayan^ganda

VIntrA2

to make sparks (using firedrill, lhuruman or ayan^ga). 96.1.3rdp, 111.4.2, 159.1.1ff., 160.1.1rdp.

Related to ayan^ga, for second element cf. perhaps =wanda-.

(Entry on page 228 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ayarjarda-

VTrA2

(Variant of =w₁ayajarda-).

(Entry on page 228 of printed dictionary)

w₂aya-wu-

VIntrMa1

to poke around, dig around (for something); to remove scales of fish.

(Transitivity needs checking.)

(Entry on page 228 of printed dictionary)

waygawuma

NcN^gara

whistling tree-duck (=water whistle-duck).

Syn:

yililij (much more common term).

(Entry on page 229 of printed dictionary)

=w₂a:yi-

VIntrI1

to stand trial by spears (as punishment), to face up to punishment (e.g., having spear thrust through thigh).

Note that =a:yi-'- is the Ref1. of =a:yu-.

(Entry on page 229 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ayigi-

or =w₁ayijgi-

VIntrI1

to play, to have fun (said of children playing, or of adults engaging in corroboree dancing and singing). 3.8.1, 28.2.1, 28.3.2rdp, 40.11.2rdp.

Benef:

-a=gayigi- or -a=gayijgi-. 28.8.3, 28.10.6, 65.12.1rdp.

Cf:

=lida-, galij, wun^gubal.

(Entry on page 229 of printed dictionary)

ayij

NcWara

jellyfish (including sea-wasp). 18.4.2/3.

(Entry on page 229 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ayijgi-

VIntrI1

(Variant of =w₁ayigi-, see above, this page).

(Entry on page 229 of printed dictionary)

wa:yin

NcN^gara

emu (large flightless bird). (the common term)

Texts 3, 4, 5 passim; 71.22.3.

Young:

gululugululug. Young male: wurban (rare).

Syn:

wuruludhun, lhagurara(g), dha:lun^ggur, wurulanda, yulgi (all of these uncommon). See -mir=mugardhi-.

(Entry on page 229 of printed dictionary)

a-yiwuj

NAdj

(See yiwuj).

(Entry on page 229 of printed dictionary)

a-yiwunbara

NcAnaWu

(See yiwunbara).

(Entry on page 229 of printed dictionary)

=a:yu-

VTrU1

to cut up (meat, etc.), to cut into, to butcher. 149.2.2, 149.2.2rdp, 159.1.1. Uncommon as uncompounded verb, common in cpds. (opposite is true of synonym =balhu-).

Mult:

w₁ara:='yu-. 112.5.4rdp.

Ref1:

=a:yi-'-

As cpd. final does not contract with preceding vowel, base form appears to be -w₁a:yu-:

-ba=ga:yu-

to cut the eye of (person, animal).

Ref1:

-ba=ga:yi-'- to cut one's own eye, to have one's eye cut. 10.12.2, 10.12.3rdp. (-baG-)

-dan=ga:yu-

to cut up the guts/entrails of (animal).

-gulmun^g=ga:yu-

to cut up the belly of (animal). 1.6.10rdp, 1.7.1, 1.7.1rdp.

-mulun^g=ga:yu-

to cut up the elbow of (animal, person).

-ri=ga:yu-

to cut out hole (convex segment) in (object, e.g., part of firedrill with hole in it). 159.1.2. (ri:g 'vagina')

-an^yjabal=a:yu-,

also truncated -an^yjal=a:yu- and -an^ybal=a:yuto cut up the armpit (or pectoral fin area) of (animal).

All three variants in Text 109.5 to 109.7.

-w₂ingidi=ya:yu-

to cut up flesh of (ray, sometimes shark). 109.5.3. (-w₂angidi-, here with minor vocalic change)

Cf:

=balhu-, =w₁uldha-, =yirilibalawa-.

(Entry on page 229 of printed dictionary)

w₂ayway

NAdj

flat.

Fact:

=w₂ayway-ga- to flatten (something).

yina=bayway having a flat head (or prow, of boat).

Ex:

ma-yina=bayway 'It (boat) has a flat prow'.

(Entry on page 229 of printed dictionary)

w₁i

(See ni-gi, n^gari-yi).

(Entry on page 229 of printed dictionary)

=w₂i-

VTrMa1

(For =w₂i-n^y, =w₂i-n^yji- see =w₂u-).

(Entry on page 230 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ibi

-ibi

(your) mother.

Word-initial

form yibi (uncommon); occurs normally in form with noun-class prefix n^gar-ibi. Stem form -w₂ibi occurs in P1: mij-bibi.

For 1st person possessor form see rigan^g, for 3rd person see following entry.

Etym:

Identical to bibi 'mother's brother, uncle' but now formally dissociated.

(Entry on page 230 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ibi-yun^g

-ibi-yun^g

(his/their) mother.

Word-initial

form yibi-yun^g. More common form with noun-class prefix is n^gar-ibi-yun^g. 1.2.2, 5.19.2, 28.6.1, 28.11.4, 73.4.4, 92.1.1.

P1:

mij-bibi-yun^g. 5.14.6, 150.1.4.

NCder:

mother (of particular animal, or figuratively for larger of two parts of an implement), e.g., ma-bibi-yun^gNcMana large horizontal wooden part of two-piece firedrill (lhuruman, ayan^ga) with hole in middle, into which smaller vertical stick (ma-n^gari-mara-yun^g 'daughter', s.v. mara-yun^g) is inserted and spun to generate sparks; ma-bibi-yun^g also used for big cycad nuts ((116.8.2) in contrast to smaller ones (nonkinship expression with root -w₁ugulhanun^y, 116.8.2); also ni-bibi-yun^gNcNa mother (jungle-fowl bird) 101.3.5.

For etymology see end of preceding entry.

(Entry on page 230 of printed dictionary)

=w₂idha-

VTrA2

to shout the name of (someone, something).

Cf:

=maya-, muwaj.

(Entry on page 230 of printed dictionary)

=w₂idhi-

VTrRa

(Past2 =w₂idhi-ya-y alongside regular =w₂idhi-ra-n^gi) to carry (object) under one's arm or armpit. 5.18.3, 37.3.5, 40.12.2. Cf. =w₁armun^ggu-.

Mult:

w₁ara=widhi-. 5.18.5, 147.1.2ff.

-w₂aj=bidhi-

to carry (food). 157.9.2.

(Entry on page 230 of printed dictionary)

widhir

NcMana

clear passage through mangroves.

Cf:

lha:r.

(Entry on page 230 of printed dictionary)

=w₂idhi-ra-

=w₂idhi-ya-

VTrRa

(See =w₂idhi-).

(Entry on page 230 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ida-

VIntrA2

(new moon) to shine.

Subject is labama (NcNa).

-ra=wida-

(person) to grit teeth, to show a toothy smile.

This cpd. is distinct from =rawida- (q.v.).

(Entry on page 230 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ida-

VIntrA1

to go up (esp., in vertical direction, not up slope). 27.4.4, 99.2.4.

Cf:

=adada-, =w₂albalma-, =lalaga-.

(Entry on page 230 of printed dictionary)

widiyal

NcMana

king tide; tidal wave.

(Entry on page 230 of printed dictionary)

widiyar

NcMana

strong east wind.

This and the preceding item may really be two transcriptions of the same stem; the form widiyal was obtained only from a bilingual Nunggubuyu-Mara speaker (Johnnie, one of the text narrators); the coastline in the Nunggubuyu area mainly faces the sea to the east.

(Entry on page 230 of printed dictionary)

wi:g

NcNa

grey hair. 47.12.3.

Cf:

-andhij=bulululha- (s.v. =w₂ulululha-).

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

-wi=jan^ga-

VIntr

(See =yan^ga-).

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

wil!

to fly. (often in series) 13.32.3-5, 43.2.2, 43.5.1.

Related to verb =w₂ilbila-. Cf. wilwil.

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

wilamawilama

NcWara

young sand goanna (wada:bir).

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ilbila-

VIntrA2

to fly around. 40.13.5, 43.2.1, 43.4.4.

Rf:

wil!.

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

wildhug

NcAnaWu

archer fish, 'rifle fish', Toxoteschatareus.

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

wili

Particle

let's!

Ex:

wili n^gu:=ya:-ri: 'Let's (InP1) go!'

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

wilij

NcMana

(Variant of following entry).

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

wilijbilij

rarely wilij

NcMana

red-winged parrot.

Syn:

wuruwajba, wuruwajbajba (less common).

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

=w₂iln^gin^yja-

VIntrA2

to build up fire after initially lighting it. 16.9.1, 100.5.3ff., 132.2.2, 163.16.4.

Benef:

-a=biln^gin^yja-. 13.31.2, 100.6.1.

w₁anam=biln^gin^yja- to build fire by lighting bits of dried grass and twigs. 71.6.3, 71.10.4, 96.1.4, 96.2.1rdp, 160.1.7.

Benef:

-a-ganam=biln^gin^yja-. 71.10.3.

Cf:

=w₁ayan^ganda-.

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

wilwil

willy-willy (type of whirlwind).

Noun class not recorded.

Cf:

wiyidu.

Distinct from wil! (often repeated in series, see above).

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ilwila-

VIntrA2

(Form taken by =bilwila- in cpds.).

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ilbila-

VIntrA2

to tap, make tapping or knocking sounds (e.g., with tapsticks, wilbilg). 41.13.2.

Cf:

=w₂ada-, dag!

Etym:

Ngandi -bil?bil-du-.

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

wilbilg

NcMana

tapsticks (two hardwood sticks beaten together to accompany songs, either as sole accompaniment as in madayin ritual or along with didjeridu, lhambilbilg, in camp songs, wun^gubal). 28.10.2, 29.1.4, 29.3.6, 41.16.2, 65.3.6, 65.8.3.

Related to verb w₂ilbila-.

Cf:

=da:la-. Boomerang clapsticks: wulmuwari.

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ildha-

VTrA2

to touch, make contact with, bump into.

Mult:

-w₁ara=wildha- to touch, bump. 43.12.4.

-ba=bildha-

to touch or bump in the eye. (-baG-)

Probably also present in =ambildha-, =mun^ggurbildha-.

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ilibilin^gi-

VIntrI1

to revolve, turn around, go around. 3.5.2, 47.10.1, 65.8.5, 65.12.6, 97.6.2, 111.5.1.

w₁andhiri=wilibilin^gi-

to have one's heart 'turning around' (i.e., beating rapidly). (andhiri)

-yam=bilibilin^gi-

to ask (lots of) questions. (ya:n^g)

Cf:

=w₁urama-.

(Entry on page 231 of printed dictionary)

w₂ilijbilij

NAdj

glossy, polished, splendidly decorated. 14.4.4pred.

Cf:

milyir, =n^guddha-.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ilil-bu-

VIntrMal

to fan (flames), to make fire flare up.

Cf:

n^gura.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

=wililima-

VIntrA3

This may be the root in =dhawililima- (q.v.).

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

wilin

NcNa

ghost gum tree ('whitebark' at Ngukur), Eucalyptuspapuana; perhaps also a few other minor eucalypts of the same white gum type. 30.6.5/6, 139.10.3, 139.11.4.

Cf:

arlhag.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

wilwag

(rarely) wilyag

NcAnaWu

a tree sp. with edible fruits, Persooniafalcata. 62.4.3, 131.1.3, 139.12.1.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

wilwigilwi

NcWara

gudgeon fish sp. found in mangroves, said to have a 'short nose' (snout) in comparison with lhawaran^ggay or wulmun^ggurag. Cf. also mababili.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

=wilwila-

VIntrA2

(plant) to be growing; to have buds.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

wilyag

NcAnaWu

(Variant of wilwag).

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

-w₁in-

Nc/Pref

flesh (of nut or shellfish).

As cpd. initial: see =ma-. Possibly also in =winguda- (below).

NCder:

Attested as ma-gin 122.3.3, 156.4.3, and as (war-)u-gin (NcWara) 125.5.4.

Usual term for 'flesh' (of animal, etc.): lhan^ggu. Cf. -w₂angidi-.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

winbin

NcMana

an algae-like plant found floating in very shallow water, with small yellow flowers, Utriculariaaurea.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

windar

NcWara

small herb in swamps with small potato-like edible tubers, Triglochinprocera.

Syn:

n^garmuda. Cf. ja:mulu (probably a slightly different form of the same sp.), miral.

Tubers:

see derivative form of maran^g.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

-w₂indi:yun^g

Suff

very (much), really. 12.7.5, etc.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ingidi-

Pref

(Cpd. initial form of -w₂angidi-, see =a:yu-).

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

=winguda-

VTrA2

to clean off bristles of (kurrajong nut). 42.3.6rdp.

Possibly contains -w₁in- (see above).

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

winbul

NcAnaWu

pole carried horizontally over shoulder, e.g., to carry several fish.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

wingarga

NcAnaWu

young barracuda. 105.3.2.

Cf:

gurgin, amadharn^gga.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

wingil

NcMana

two-pronged wooden spear with hooks. 11.6.1, 12.1.2, 13.32.2, 64.6.7, 152.1.1/4, 166.12.5.

Syn:

ma:guru (somewhat less common term).

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

wingulgul

NcAnaWu

shrub found in rainforest, Ludwigia sp.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

winjidu

or winjudu

NcNa

golden trevally (large marine fish), Gnathanodonspeciosus. 105.3.2.

(Entry on page 232 of printed dictionary)

win^yagij

NcMana

frogmouth (owl sp.).

Syn:

n^yagij (q.v. for discussion).

(Entry on page 233 of printed dictionary)

w₂in^yig

NAdj

small, tiny; (human forms) child. 1.1.6, 3.6.5, 3.1.3, 14.3.2, etc.

HumSg:

w₂in^yi-n^yun^g. 4.6.4.

For P1 (human and nonhuman) see w₂un^ya:n^yun^g (separate listing).

A little less common than w₂irig (q.v.) 'small'; w₂in^yig tends to be more emphatically diminutive. For derivatives also showing this opposition see w₁un^yugun^yig vs. w₁urugurij.

Can be used as cpd. final with preceding noun stem (same construction as that exemplified with w₂irig, but less common).

Etym:

cf. diminutive suffix -gaña, -gaña?, -gañan? in several nearby languages.

Cf:

also muruyun^g 'elder brother', mun^yun^yun^g 'younger brother' for the n^y/r alternation.

Cf:

gujuju 'baby'.

(Entry on page 233 of printed dictionary)

=w₂irbiri-

VIntrI1

to move, to be in motion.

Caus:

=w₂irbiri-jga- to set (something) in motion.

Ex:

of Caus: ø=wirbiri-jga-na 'It (wind) makes it (fan) move'.

-wana=wirbiri-

(bird) to move wings.

(Entry on page 233 of printed dictionary)

w₂iri

NAdj

alive. 33.4.3pred, 69.9.4pred, 71.5.4pred, 71.14.5pred, 71.26.1pred.

Often with -w₂ugij 'still': ni=wiri-wugij 'He is still alive'.

Fact:

=w₂iri-ga- VTrA1 to keep (someone) alive, to save the life of.

Semantically unrelated to w₂iriwiri.

(Entry on page 233 of printed dictionary)

=w₂irida-

VTrA2

to put (objects) close together.

-lan=biridi-n^yji-

to put knees together (Recip).

(Entry on page 233 of printed dictionary)

-w₂iril-

Nc/

Pref water lily leaf.

Attested only as NC_der-biril, unmarked form ma-birilNcMana. 114.3.1.

Cf:

manjar.

(Entry on page 233 of printed dictionary)

wirimil

NcNa

shoulder blade. 125.6.1.

Syn:

malibi.

(Entry on page 233 of printed dictionary)

wirinbirin

NcMana

flowers of ragala paperbark tree (q.v.). 98.1.4, 98.4.3, 142.2.3.

Cf:

dhan^gara.

(Entry on page 233 of printed dictionary)

w₂iriwiri

NAdj

alone, by oneself. 29.1.3pred, 163.14.3pred.

Ex:

ni=wiriwiri ni=ya:-ri: 'He is going alone'.

agajij-biriwiri

alone.

Fact:

=w₂iriwiri-ga-.

Syn:

lhalga. Cf. mamaga, w₁/w₂urag, w₁algal.

(Entry on page 233 of printed dictionary)

wiriyalyal

NcMana

sedge sp. with edible tubers, Eleocharisdulcis (uncommon term). 7.20.6.

Syn:

madiga (common), man^ggarabi (fairly common).

(Entry on page 233 of printed dictionary)

=w₁/w₂irgira-

VIntrA2

to be skinny, to be underfed, in poor condition.

-maran^g=girgira-

to have skinny hands.

NAdj derivative: see following entry.

(Entry on page 233 of printed dictionary)

w₁ir-girgiru-j

NAdj

skinny, in poor physical condition.

NAdj derivation from verb in preceding entry.

Syn:

da:gararag, yulug, etc.

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

w₂irig

NAdj

small. 16.2.2pred, 65.11.6, 101.1.4, 161.13.2pred, 163.19.4.

HumSg:

wiri-n^yun^g child. 3.1.4, 4.6.4, 5.20.5, 10.13.3, 40.1.2, etc.

For P1 (human and nonhuman) see w₂ura:yun^g.

w₂iri(j)-gaj

'back when (someone) was young'. 74.2.3, 74.2.3pred.

manda-birig

small group. 52.4.3pred.

dhalbar-wirig

having small hind leg.

As cpd. final: cf. also ramba-.

Near-synonym

of w₂in^yig (q.v. for discussion and other pertinent forms suggesting n^y/r diminutive alternation).

Cf:

also mij-buruyag.

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

=w₂iririma-

VTrA3

to pull at, tug at.

-mum=biririma-

to pull at hair of person (dir, object) tangled in stick with hook. 11.11.3, 13.16.1. (mu:n^g)

Cf:

miljir.

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

wiriwiri

NcNa

(Variant of waraywaray).

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

wirn^ggil

NcAnaWu

pond scum, algae, slime.

Cf:

n^ga:l.

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

=w₁i-wu-

VTrMal

(For -lhain^g=gi-wu- see =yi-wu-).

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

wi:ya!

none

Interjection that's all!

(Now used as equivalent of English 'good-bye!').

Usually pronounced wi:yao! in isolation.

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

-wiyay

-wiya-yun^g

(See ni-wiyay, n^gari-wiyay, ni-wiya-yun^g, and n^gari-wiya-yun^g ). Cf. also next entry.

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

wiyay

NcMana

coastal rainforest shrub with edible black fruits nidentified).

Distinct from preceding entry.

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

wiyidu

NcNa

whirlwind, willy-willy.

Syn:

wilwil. Cf. maragu.

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

wiyulur

NcMana

tree sp. mostly found on inland hills.

Syn:

mijaja.

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

-w₂u-

Pref

(For -w₂u=na- see =na- 'to burn', for -w₂u=nagi- see =nagi- 'to burn, intr.'; initial is actually related to wurg).

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

-w₁u-

or =u-

VTr

(=w₁u-n^y, =w₁u-ni, =w₁u-yi:, etc.) (See =yi-/=w₁u- 'to give'). Distinct from following entry.

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

=w₂u-

or =u-

VTrMal

to hit, to hit hard; to kill, to shoot. 1.2.6, 8.3.4, 14.2.3, 14.2.3rdp, 15.12.2, 16.1.2rdp, 16.16.2, 17.14.2, 18.16.3/4, 28.11.5, 71.3.1, 71.13.4, 84.1.3, 84.1.5, 88.3.4, 99.2.5rdp, 110.2.6, 163.7.7, 163.16.3, 161.7.3, and others.

Benef:

-a=bu- to hit or kill a close relative of (someone). 10.11.3/4, 28.11.5.

Recip:

=w₂i-n^yji- to hit each other, to fight. 5.20.1, 5.20.5rdp, 36.4.1, 36.4.2rdp, 161.4.2.

Mult:

of Recip: w₁ara=wi-n^yji-. 44.2.1rdp (woman and buffalo).

As cpd. final in this sense ('to hit', etc.) normally replaced by =w₂adja- (q.v.), except perhaps in =ran^gga-wu- (q.v.).

Cpd:

final-w₂u- with no clear semantic value occurs in 'auxiliary type compounds (listed under initial segment):

=w₂argad-bu-,

=dhabid-bu-, =galin^y bar-wu-, etc.

Semantically similar verbs: see =adhuga-, =w₂alga-, =ra-, =w₂adji-wu-, =w₂agiwa-, =w₁alhara-, =w₂ildha-, =ambildha-, mun^ggurbildha-, =minigara-, =w₂udha-, =w₂awayiwa-. Cf. lhamugar.

VTrMal

to make (string) from bark fibre. 4.3.3, 4.5.3rdp, 4.5.1, 122.1.5, 151.3.2, 155.1.5, 155.1.5ff.rdp.

Cf:

=lhurwa-, mabur.

(Entry on page 234 of printed dictionary)

wub!

none

(sound of spear). 69.5.4/5.

(Entry on page 235 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)u-ba-wi-

none

(demonstrative form).

nun^g-gu-ba-wi-yun^g

that tribe or clan. 139.13.3. (Gentilic nun^g-) Discussed in Grammar.

(Entry on page 235 of printed dictionary)

wubadad

NcAnaWu

grass rainshelter. 36.1.5.

(Entry on page 235 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)ubaldhar

Nc/Pref

fork in tree (where branches leave trunk).

Attested only as NC_der-gubaldhar.

Cf:

mun^ggala.

(Entry on page 235 of printed dictionary)

wubalmana

NcAnaWu

hat, head covering.

Cf:

-(w₁)andhula.

(Entry on page 235 of printed dictionary)

w₁ubanda

NcAnaWu

branch of tree. (not common in this form)

NCder:

(more common form)

Etymologically the same as -w₂anda- (derivative -u-banda reanalysed as single root).

(Entry on page 235 of printed dictionary)

wu-bi:ba

NcAnaWu

(See bi:ba).

-(w₁)ubilhara

Nc/Pref

NCder:

entirety, whole lot.

(Entry on page 235 of printed dictionary)

wubinday

NcAnaWu

cane grass along rivers, including Chionachnecyathopoda (at Ngukurr) and perhaps some others.

Distinct from larwad. Cf. dhi:ndi.

(Entry on page 235 of printed dictionary)

wubirgilin

NcAnaWu

old-fashioned spear similar to modern metalbladed shovel spear (la:ma) but with wooden blade. 69.8.1.

(Entry on page 235 of printed dictionary)

wubug

NcMana

swamp pheasant. 14.6.2.

Young:

bubug or bububug.

(Entry on page 235 of printed dictionary)

w₁ubulu

NcAnaWu

body, torso.

As cpd. final: see -ij-.

NCder:

body, main frame. 8.7.3 and 121.1.7 (ni-gubulu); 95.7.1 (n^gari-gubulu); 87.1.2/5, 125.16.4, 119.2.6 (u-gubulu, Ana class); 115.3.1/2, 116.8.5, 116.10.4, 156.1.4 (ma-gubulu).

Seems to mean 'true, genuine' in 87.1.2/5 (cf. cpd. with -ij-).

(Entry on page 235 of printed dictionary)

wubulubulu

NcAnaWu

container usually made from wood of lhi:rj tree (q.v.), mainly by Aboriginals to the south (Roper R. area). 117.3.3.

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

wubun^yul

NcMana

a water plant with edible root portions, Aponogetonelongatus. 114.10.3/4, 157.8.6.

Normally grouped by Nunggubuyu with the water lily (Nymphaea) spp. in discussions, but wubun^yul is not close to these lilies botanically.

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

w₁ubuy

NcAnaWu

Nunggubuyu (language). 7.21.4, 161.35.2, 168.4.3, 168.8.3.

Ex:

wubuy-miri ba=yama-n^g 'Say (it) in Nunggubuyu!' (With Instrumental case -miri, but Ablative wubuy-(w)ala is also possible in this sense.)

nun^g-gubuy(u)

(See separate alphabetical listing).

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

=w₂udha-1

VIntrNgal

to be up (on roof, in tree, etc.), to be aloft; to be perched (up in tree, etc.). 1.1.8rdp, 10.1.1, 10.5.3rdp, 10.6.1, 15.6.5/6, 40.2.3, 43.2.3, 43.6.2, 95.2.5, 95.4.1, 12.9.4.

-mun=gudha-

to lean on one's shoulder. (Note g, not b.)

VTrA2

to put (someone, something) up or aloft, to suspend. 50.2.2.

Probably related to =aga:gudha-. This, plus cpd. -mun=gudha-, suggests that =w₂udha- (with w₂ representing w/b alternation) based on one or two elicited forms may co-occur with =w₁udha- and that in any case the latter is etymologically correct.

Cf:

=w₁ala:lara-, =w₁alamalha-, =mun^ggala-dha-, =lalaga-, =gujguji-. Cf. homophonous stem, next entry.

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

=w₂udha-2

VTrA2

to hit (someone, something) very hard. 7.15.2.

Etym:

Probably borrowing from Ritharngu and other Yuulngu languages (wut-du-).

Much less common than =w₂u-, etc.

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

u-dhabag

(See lhabag).

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

u-dhaj

NcAnaWu

(See -lhaj-).

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

wudhalag

NcMana

type of yellow clay used in painting.

Cf:

lharagamana.

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

u-dhan

NcAnaWu

(See -lhan-).

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

u-dhan^gun^y

NcAnaWu

(See -lhan^gun^y-).

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

u-dhan^gurg

NcAnaWu

(See -lhan^gurg-).

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

u-dhawan^g

NcAnaWu

(See -lhawan^g-).

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

wudhiri

NcMana

rope (in Macassan boat). 166.15.1, 167.19.4.

Cf:

n^gadugu.

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

wudhugul

NcAnaWu

'soap tree', a wattle with silvery-bluish leaves, Acaciaholosericea.

Cf:

wugaralala.

(Entry on page 236 of printed dictionary)

-uda-wi-yun^g

none

(demonstrative)

mulun^g-uda-wi-yun^g

that group (of people). 69.6.5, 139.14.3.

Discussed in grammar.

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

=w₂uda-

VIntrN^gal

Occurs in cpds.:

-a=buda-

to bulge, protrude, be swollen. 13.7.1, 26.1.5. (-aG-)

Other cpds. based directly on =w₂uda-, or on -a=buda-, or on rdp. -aba:-'=buda-:

-bur=buda-

to bulge. 100.6.5.

-gulmum=buda-

100.1.4ff., also -gulmun^g-ga=buda- to have belly swollen or protruding.

-w₁ara:-'ba:-'=buda-

to be all swollen. 139.9.1rdp.

-lnal-aba:-'=buda

to be swollen. (lha:1 'country', but also used with other nouns as subject).

Possibly related to =lhalawuda-.

Distinguished by vowel length from following item.

Cf:

also =gudi- for the form =wudi-.

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

=w₂u:da-

VIntrA2

to call out yagay! (expression of despair or disgust).

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

=w₂udayi-jga-

VTrA1

to destroy, waste. 44.2.4rdp.

Appears to contain Caus. ending -jga-.

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

=w₁udi-

VTrI1

(See =gudi-).

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

wudu

NcAnaWu

kidney.

NcAnaWu

tree with kidney-shaped nuts, Terminaliagrandiflora.

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

=w₂uduwudanijga-

VTrA1

to heap (things) up, to make (things) into a heap. Cf. =w₁aramilba:ladha-, w₁ara-.

-aban=buduwudanijga-

to heap up dirt. 101.1.3, 101.2.2.

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

-w₂uda=ji-

VIntrN^ga2

(See =yi- 'to sleep').

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

u-dal

NcAna

or NcWara (See -ral-).

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

wudan

NcAnaø

edible root corm of shallow-water water lily, Nymphaea ?violacea (yan^gguri). 59.10.4, 114.1.6, 114.3.2, 114.9.2, 157.7.5, 157.8.4.

Cf:

jirigilil, yambiri, yiwujun^g, nindan.

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

wudba

NcMana

cocky-apple tree, Planchoniacareya. 98.8.5, 139.5.1, 139.8.1/4.

Can be used to refer specifically to the fruits (the tree being called lhan^ggi), but the two terms are often interchanged.

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

wudildil

NcAnaWu

mortuary ceremony sung with boomerang clapsticks (wulmuwari), performed by groups south of the Nunggubuyu (Roper R. area). 19.8.5/6.

Cf:

ya:di.

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

wudjirjir

NcNa

dark ant mound. (uncommon word)

Cf:

lhanda, -wudjirwudjir.

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

-wudjirwudjir

none

As cpd. final: see lhanda.

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

wudun^ymanji

NcAnaWu

wild potato, a plant with large potato-like edible tuber. 113.6.1 113.7.2.

Similar to wun^gambinn^gambin.

(Entry on page 237 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ugag

NAdj

big, vast.

Used only as cpd. final, with -n^gagara- (literally 'bone') as unmarked cpd. initial if no specific cpd. initial is present:

n^gagara-wugag

big, vast. 10.1.2, 16.8.3, 18.21.4, 35.6.3, 155.3.7, 161.18.5.

lhalma-wugag

big, vast. (Same semantically unmarked sense as preceding cpd., but much less common).

gulmum-bugag

pot-bellied, fat.

n^gura-bugag

having a big penis. (used in insults and joking)

ri-bugag

having a big vagina. (ri:g)

Cf:

-yiriwu, run^ggal, etc.

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

wugalan^ganda

NcAnaø

'wild onion', perhaps Microstemmatuberosa. Similar to gagil.

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

wugalij

or ugalij

NcAnaø

dugong and marine turtles (but not freshwater tortoises). 5.18.4, 28.16.2, 55.4.2, 55.9.3, 113.4.1, 116.10.1, 161.3.5, 166.10.1, 166.11.1.

Covers those animals hunted by canoes and harpoon (cf. =n^gurga-, radhar). Main focus on dugong (n^garugalij), secondarily on green turtle (n^gala:ligi).

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

wugalili

NcAnaWu

diarrhoea.

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

wugana

NcWara

Burnett salmon, Polydactylussheridani. 113.10.4.

Syn:

julurbi. Cf. waln^gari.

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

u-gandar

NcAnaWu

paperbark tree (songword).

Cf:

magandar.

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

u-gara

NcAna

(See -w₁ara-).

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

wugaralala

NcAnaWu

tree sp. used to make spear shafts; said to be very similar to wudhugul (Acaciaholosericea) but to have heavier wood, probably a distinct broad-leaved wattle.

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ugij

Suff

only; still.

Discussed in Grammar.

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

wugudari

NcAnaWu

conical headdress of paperbark and hairbelts, worn in Gunabibi ritual. 28.6.6, 28.9.4, 28.16.1.

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

wuguguraba

NcWara

young milkfish (yimida:ri).

Syn:

wundalmari.

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

wuguj

NcWara

darkish goanna sp. said to be able to climb trees. Young: gibaja.

Cf:

wada:bir.

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)ugulhanun^y

small intestines, 'little guts'.

Attested only as NC_der-gugulhanun^y, usually in form ma-gugulhanun^yNcMana for all animals and humans. 95.6.4, 116.8.2 (small cycad nuts).

Cf:

da:n, -(w₁)uwanima, -lhan^gaj-. Related to =lhagugulhanun^ygi-.

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

=w₁uguma-

VIntrA3

(Cpd. form of =guguma-).

(Entry on page 238 of printed dictionary)

w₂uguwuguni

NAdj

or NcAna (Adv) for good, permanently (creole 'altogether'). 19.9.3pred, 21.10.4pred, 33.7.lpred, 37.6.7pred, 37.1.3, 37.2.2, 71.29.5, 73.2.2, 94.3.6, 100.7.7, 109.3.2, 120.6.2pred, 139.14.4, 167.14.3pred, 167.20.5pred.

Distinct from buguwuguni(q.v.). Cf. badag, balanu.

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

wu:j

NcAnaWu

beeswax. 53.4.4, 150.1.1.

Cpd:

initial w₁uj- associated with maguj 'pandanus tree' (q.v.).

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

u-jaln^gan

NcAnaWu

(See yaln^gan).

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

w₁ujbi

NAdj

female (animal). 101.3.1.

Syn:

manun^g (animal or human). Opposite: w₁alya.

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ujga-

VIntrA1

to bail out water (from boat, canoe).

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

wu:ji

NcAnaWu

fog, mist. 13.42.3.

Syn:

wunurunuru, walmadha, wanbunuru.

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

wujinma

NcAnaWu

whaler (freshwater) shark.

Syn:

alamarj.

Cf:

also yigama, jigama.

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

w₁ujiyar

NcAnaWu

leaf (part of plant). (uncommon except in forms below)

NCder:

137.1.5 (ma-gujiyar).

Syn:

manjar (broader term for foliage including branches).

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

wujulur

NcAnaWu

the less common of two types of harpoon, this one made from cypress wood (yimbid, q.v.).

Usual dugong/turtle harpoon (radhar) is made foom wood of stringybark (lhu:n^y).

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)ulhar

bark, especially inner bark (of eucalypts).

Attested only as NC_der-gulhar. 139.10.3 (ni-gulhar).

Corresponding independent noun stem is lha:r.

Cf:

magulag, w₂arigulag.

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

wulharan^g

NcAnaWu

large hermit crab sp.

Smaller sp.: n^yaran.

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)ulhunundhunun^g

or -lhunundhunun^g

sapling (of tree).

Attested only as NC_der-gulhunundhunun^g ((121.1.2, niG-) and variant NC_der-dhunundhunun^g ((117.1.2, niG-).

Cf:

-lhurubuy-.

Probably related to =dhunun^ggarmi- (q.v. for discussion).

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

w₁ulhur

NcAnaWu

front, front part. (not very common)

NC_der-gulhur.

Derivatives of yinag 'head' are more common in this sense.

Possibly related to following item.

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

w₁/w₂ulhuwulhur

NAdj

or NcAna(Adv) first (before doing something else), previous(ly). 165.1.1.

Ex:

ba=wulhuwulhur ba=ya:-ri: 'You go (there) first (i.e., before doing anything else)'.

malan^ga-bulhuwulhur

quite a bit earlier. (-malan^gaG-)

Cf:

ragij and related forms.

(Entry on page 239 of printed dictionary)

-w₁ul-

Nc/Pref

fish trap (dam across creek with hole through which fish swim, being caught in a net or basket).

Attested in form NC_der-gul only. 108.4.1 (u-gul, Ana class); for Mana form ma-gul see magul (separate listing).

(Entry on page 240 of printed dictionary)

w₂ula-

or ula-

NAdj

two.

Normal form as noun is w₂ula-wa: with Dual suffix -wa: (even in predicative function). With prefixes, this form is kept in forms with (nominal) noun-class prefixes, as in MDu na-wula-wa: 55.8.5, FDu n^gara-wula-wa: 73.1.3. However, Nunggubuyu commonly puts this stem in predicative form (with intransitive pronominal prefixes). The stem is still w₂ula-wa: in 3MD wini=wula-wa: 14.12.4pred, 23.2.3pred, 33.7.2pred 41.4.1pred, and 71.8.3pred, and 3FDu win^gi=wula-wa: 166.18.2. However, in predicative form the stem becomes ula-wa: and thus contracts with Mana class ma- or ama-, hence mu:='la-wa: 69.5.6, 162.23.3 and amu:='la-wa: 60.2.5, 63.4.2; there is presumably an Ana class counterpart wu:='la-wa: but this is hard to distinguish from prefixless wula-wa:.

Other forms:

Fact:

=w₂ula-ga- to do something twice to (object), to do two things to (object), to make (object) into two piles or halves, etc.

Ex:

n^gawu=wula-ga-n^y n^gawu=lha-n^gi 'I chopped two of them'.

Fact:

form often in rdp. w₂ulu=wula-ga-. 157.12.2.

Recip:

of Fact: =w₂ula-gi-ni^yji- (not expected *=w₂ula-ga-n^yji-) (two objects) to be paired, to be together. 11.7.4.

-n^garan-bulu=wula-ga-

to do the same thing to (second object), to make two piles of (something). 121.3.2rdp.

-mum=bula-gi-n^yji-

(Recip) to put feet together (two or more persons). 11.7.3.

-w₂alm=bula-ga-

to make (something) into two heaps, to have two loads of (something). 151.2.4.

-lhabara-wulu=wula-ga-

to put (objects) into two containers. 157.11.1.

For mal-bula-wa: 'twice' see -malG-; for other numerals based on 'two' see w₂ulalwulal, w₂ulan^ybaj.

Usual Dual suffix with nouns: -w₂a:. With kin terms ending in 3rd person endung -yun^g, the Dual is -yum-bi:yun^g.

(Entry on page 240 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ula-ga-

VTrAI

(See middle of preceding entry).

(Entry on page 240 of printed dictionary)

w₂ulal

or ulal

NAdj

(See following entry).

(Entry on page 240 of printed dictionary)

w₂ulalwulal

NAdj

four. 115.6.2.

Sometimes treated as a unit stem, sometimes broken up into two w₂ulal segments. Further exx. are wuru=wulawulal 'They are four' 71.8.3, 74.4.2, 166.26.1; wara-wulu-wulalwulal (note rdp. of stem) 166.18.4, and split-up mu:-'1a1 mu:='lal (Mana class, formally predicative) 116.7.4. See discussion of =w₂ula-.

an^yji-wulawulal

having four wives. 166.18.4. (Cf. an^yji-yan^yja:bugij s.v. an^yja:bugij).

(Entry on page 240 of printed dictionary)

wulambag

NcWara

native cat (spotted animal) Text 34 passim.

Personalised in HumSg form wulamba-jun^g (MSg) in myth. 34.6.1.

Syn:

n^ya:lig (more common).

(Entry on page 240 of printed dictionary)

wulan^g

NcMana

blood. (the common term) 1.1.3, 10.10.3, 10.13.2.

As cpd. initial can be w₁ulan^g- or -w₂ulan^g-: see =jiryira-, =mun^ymulha-.

Syn:

n^guluji (uncommon). Cf. =w₁arawala-.

(Entry on page 241 of printed dictionary)

wulan^gur

NcAnaWu

corroboree.

Mult:

P1. form wulu-wulan^gur. 69.11.3, 69.12.5.

Cf:

wun^gubal, =w₁ayigi-.

(Entry on page 241 of printed dictionary)

w₂ulan^ybaj

or ulan^ybaj

NAdj

three.

For morphological frames and loss of initial w₂ see the discussion of w₂ula- 'two', above. Exx: wuru=wulan^ybaj 'They are three' 74.4.1, 108.6.3; mu:='lan^ybaj (Mana class) 55.7.5; amu:='lan^ybaj (Mana class) 62.7.1.

Rdp:

wulu-wulan^ybaj. 69.6.6.

For mal-bulan^ybaj 'three times' see -malG-.

-rigu-wulan^ybaj

three (dead or fallen). 95.4.5rdp.pred. (digu)

Etym:

=w₂ula- 'two' plus an^ybaj '(an)other', but now frozen together.

Cf:

following entry for derived verb.

(Entry on page 241 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ulan^ybij-ga-

VTrA1

to make three of (something), to do something three times to (object). 74.4.1.

Functions as Fact. of w₂ulan^ybaj (preceding entry); shows irregular shift of a to i in last root syllable; for parallel cf. an^ybaj 'other', Fact. =an^ybij-ga-.

(Entry on page 241 of printed dictionary)

wulbar

NAdj

mysterious Aboriginal people said to live far to the northwest in the Arnhem Land escarpment, said to speak the Djinba language, and said to send the northwest wind.

Cf:

jalwujbuj.

(Entry on page 241 of printed dictionary)

wulbu

or wulbun^g

NcMana

a small tree sp. growing mainly in swampy areas, Tristanialactiflua.

Older form probably wulbu (cf. gulpu? in Ngandi, Ritharngu), form wulbun^g probably due to confusion with other stem wulbun^g (see below).

(Entry on page 241 of printed dictionary)

w₂ulbul

NAdj

dry (not wet).

Inch:

=w₂ulbul-ma-. 156.3.2.

Fact:

=w₂ulbul-wa-.

a-wulbul

dry (ground). 108.6.5. (As noun, NcAnaWu). (-aG-/-a-)

-a=wulbul-ma-

(ground) to become dry. 97.8.2.

Syn:

=rira-, bujbuj, dadarg, rarndar, w₂adbir.

(Entry on page 241 of printed dictionary)

wulbun^g

NcAnaWu

basket made from pandanus (maguj) fibres. 157.5.1, 157.7.4.

For wulbun^g NcMana, see wulbu (above).

Cf:

marin, yan^ga:rin^y, lhular.

(Entry on page 241 of printed dictionary)

wulburu

NcWara

'round yam', Dioscorea? bulbifera (must be leached before eating). 98.9.1, 114.7.2, 118.4.3, Text 125, 157.3.4, 166.24.4, 166.28.1.

Above ground plant is similar to lhawumag ('long yam'), but taproots differ in size and method of treatment.

(Entry on page 241 of printed dictionary)

=w₁uldha-

or (rarely) =w₂uldha-

VTrA2

to cut (something) off or through, to sever; to make a cut into (something). 13.20.2, 17.1.3, 17.1.4rdp, 52.2.2, 62.3.4, 62.4.1, 106.4.3, 111.3.1, 142.4.2, 143.16.1, 166.8.3. Cpds. always with =w₁uldha- form.

Ref1:

=w₁/w₂uldhi-'- to cut oneself. 167.20.2.

Ex:

of Ref1: n^gan^g=guldhi-'-n^y (with w₁) or n^gam=buldhi-'-n^y (with w₂) 'I will cut myself'.

Mult:

-w₁ara=wuldha-. 153.1.5.

-dhi=guldha-

to cut off end of (rope, etc.). (-dhig-)

-gari=wuldha-

to cross (something), to cross over (something).

Cf:

=agalawaja-.

-lhan^gun^y=guldhi-'-

(Ref1) (wind) to stop blowing, to calm down.

Cf:

=da:dha- and synonyms.

-lharu=guldha-

to cross in front of (someone else). (lharug)

-lhimu=wuldha-

or -lhumu=wuldha- to cut through (body) at the waist, to cut (body) in two. 112.5.3.

-lan=guldha-

to 'cut' (painted person) at knee (i.e., to paint with white clay above knee, red ochre below). 55.1.4.

-mar=wuldha-

(Intr !) to do something for the last time.

-n^gulha=wuldha-

to cut out blade end (of spear shaft). 153.1.2.

-n^gura=guldha-

to circumcise (boy). 2.1.2, 56.2.2. (-n^guraG-)

-n^gan^g=guldha-

to cut (someone) in the breast.

-rabara=wuldha-

to cut off tail of (animal). 153.1.6.

-w₁ala=guldha-

to cut (someone, something) in neck. 17.15.2 (alwag)

-w₁urij=guldha-

(Intr !) to be/become thirsty; to choke.

Abstract noun for this cpd: see wurij-guldhi-n^y (separate listing).

Other verbs of cutting: =balhu-, =a:yu-, =lha-, =n^gabara-, =yirilibalaa-, =madhara-.

Cf:

also following entry, formerly a rdp. of =w₁uldha- but now a distinct stem. Cf. also NAdj w₁ulgulg, below.

(Entry on page 242 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ulguldha-

VTrA2

to cut off or through (something, esp. wood). 71.17.4 (tree), 71.18.1 (tree), 7.3.3rdp (roots of sedge), 116.10.3/4 (cycad nuts), 119.6.2ff.rdp (fruits of tree), 151.1.2rdp (tree).

Mult:

-w₁ara=wulguldha- 45.11.7rdp (crocodile), 44.6.2 (buffalo, 106.2.3 and 106.4.1 (ray). (Contexts involve either killing dangerous animal or carefully cutting up meat, not casual butchering).

-n^garan=gulguldha-

to cut up (hive of honey bee). 142.5.4rdp.

-ran^ga=gulguldha-

to cut up (tree, wood). 163.4.1rdp. (ran^gag)

Etymologically a rdp. of =w₁uldha- (above), now a distinct but near-synonymous stem; cf. also w₁ulgulg, below.

(Entry on page 242 of printed dictionary)

w₁ulgulg

NAdj

cut off, severed.

maran^g-gulgulg

having one's hand cut (off).

ara-wulgulg

having one's arm cut off.

Ex:

of preceding cpd.: nun^g-gara=wulgulg 'Your arm is cut off; You have your arm cut off'. (shows w₁ara- initial here)

Related to =w₁ulguldha- and w₁/w₂uldha-.

(Entry on page 242 of printed dictionary)

wulguy

Particle

admittedly, to be sure (concessive). 42.5.2, 166.21.1, 166.26.4, 166.27.1.

Discussed in Grammar.

(Entry on page 242 of printed dictionary)

wulida

NcNa

large fan-palm sp. found mainly south of Nunggubuyu country, Livistonaloriphylla. Text 117.

Smaller northern sp.: lhalbij.

(Entry on page 243 of printed dictionary)

wulja

NcAnaWu

river pandanus (e.g., at Ngukurr), Pandanus ?aquaticus.

More common pandanus: maguj.

(Entry on page 243 of printed dictionary)

wulmun^ggurag

NcWara

a gudgeon fish sp. found in mangroves, with blunt snout ('short nose'), like wilwigilwi but larger.

Cf:

also lhawaran^ggay.

(Entry on page 243 of printed dictionary)

w₁ulmur

NAdj

young man after circumcision and before marriage. 1.1.1, 1.1.2pred, 69.12.7pred.

HumSg:

wulmur-yun^y or wulmur-in^yun^g. 73.3.1. P1: mij-gulmur. 40.10.2, 47.7.6, 47.18.3, 164.1.3, and others.

Cf:

aragu, nun^g-garagu, -n^gura=guldha- (s.v. =w₁uldha-), w₁alya.

Etym:

Cf. gurmul (Ngandi, Ritharngu).

(Entry on page 243 of printed dictionary)

wulmuwari

NcAnaWu

or (rarely) NcMana (ordinary) boomerang (used occasionally as weapon for hunting or fighting, more often as boomerang clapsticks in singing for mandiwala or gunabibi rituals). AnaWu: 17.14.3, 17.15.2, 20.13.2, 30.2.2, 70.3.2/7. Mana: 43.15.2.

Cf:

=liliri-bu-, =min^ybarja-, wilbilg.

Other types of boomerang: murudilwa, murguwan^ga, wandarja, wumalanga.

Etyma:

Cf. Warndarang (wu-)mulwari. (Note transposition of 1 in Nunggubuyu.)

(Entry on page 243 of printed dictionary)

-w₁uln^g=gabi-

VIntrI1

(See =abi-).

(Entry on page 243 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ulu-bu-

VIntrMal

to suck honey using wulug instrument (q.v.). 141.1.1, Text 142, 143.6.4ff.

(Entry on page 243 of printed dictionary)

w₂ulubulun^ga

NAdj

or NcAna(Adv) (in the) middle.

Ex:

ni=ya:-ri: ni=wulubulun^ga 'He is going along in the middle'.

Irregular rdp. form of w₂ulun^ga, see below.

Probably also present in malarwulubulun^ga.

Cf:

bandhara.

(Entry on page 243 of printed dictionary)

=(w₁)uluda-

VIntrA2

-ambulu=guluda-

to hold one's head low, have one's head bowed. (-ambuluG-).

(Entry on page 243 of printed dictionary)

wulug

NcHana

material dipped into honey and then chewed (either strips of clean inner bark of the wattle min^yar/min^yarn^g, less often balara, q.v., or else soft white roots of the grass arigari, q.v.). Texts 141, 142.

Cf:

derived verb =w₁ulu-bu-.

(Entry on page 243 of printed dictionary)

w₂ulugulig

NAdj

pretty, good-looking. (not common)

Fact:

=w₂uluguli-ga-.

Syn:

w₂ilijbilij, etc.

(Entry on page 243 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ululudha-

VIntrA2

-min^yn^ga

=wululudha- to be sleepy. (cf. min^yn^gan^ga)

-ba=gululudha-

to doze off. (-baG-)

-dha=wululudha-

to stagger or stumble along.

(Entry on page 243 of printed dictionary)

wulundharg

NcN^gara

a snake sp., perhaps the brown tree snake, Boiga sp.

Young:

ra:g.

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ulunda-

VIntrN^gal

to lean or tilt to side.

Cf:

=billha-, =ara-.

Probably related to =w₁ulungulunda-, but note difference in verb class.

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ulungulunda-

VIntrA2

to bend forward.

Cf:

=burda-.

Apparently related to preceding entry.

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

w₂ulun^ga

NAdj

or NcAna(Adv) (in the) middle; in the sea ('middle water').

ar-wulun^ga

'middle water' (sea).

mal-bulun^ga

in the middle of the night. (-malg-).

Fact:

=w₂ulun^ga-ga- VTrA1 to put (something) in the middle.

Probably related to w₂ulubulun^ga.

Cf:

bandhara, alagala.

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

wuluru

NcMana

a paperbark tree sp. with small leaves, found around saltpans, Melaleucaacacioides. 162.21.4.

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

-w₂ulu=wula-ga-

VTrA1

(See =w₂ula-).

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

wulwad

NcAnaØ

a cormorant-type bird.

Variant of mawulwad (several other variants listed there).

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ulwula-

VIntrA2

to emit smoke, to be smoking.

-aban=bulwula-

(dirt) to form dust in air, to be kicked up (by wind or other disturbance).

-lham=bulwula-

(wind) to be still.

-abirin^y=bulwula-

(something partly buried) to give off smoke.

Probably related to =bu:la-, cf. also =bandudula-, -ban-.

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ula-

VIntrA2

-w₁ara=wula-

to rub (branch, on totemic object, in increase rite). 58.2.3/4.

-mun=bula-

'foot' (i.e., tire of vehicle) to burst. (flat tire)

Ex:

ma-mun=buli-n^y 'It (vehicle) had a flat tire'.

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

ulami

(u-lami)

NcAnaWu

plain (treeless or lightly forestead zone).

Attested as songword in rdp. form ulu:-'lami (ulu:-'-lami).

Informants not clear on precise meaning. Root probably -lami.

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

wulan^gan^gag

NcNa

grey-crowned babbler (bird).

Variant of gulan^gan^gag (q.v. for further variants).

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

wulan^gur

NcAnaWu

(See wulan^gur).

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

wulargarga

NcNa

young red flying fox (malban^ggari).

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ulbulwa-

VIntrA1

to swell up.

-maram=bulbulwa-

to have a swollen hand.

Cf:

=w₂uda-.

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

wu-liba

or wu-liwa

NcAnaWu

(See liba).

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

wulibulu

NcAnaWu

tree with milky sap harmful to eyes, Excoecariaparvifolia ('gutta percha'). Distinct from dugudugu.

(Entry on page 244 of printed dictionary)

=w₁ulin^ygi-wu-

VIntrMal

to make excuses.

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

wulin^ymiri

NcWara

green tree snake, Dendrelaphispunctulatus. 2.3.1, 2.4.2.

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

wuliriliri

NcAnaWu

harmful shrub with very thick, jagged leaves, Bossiaebossiaeoides. 162.10.4, 162.20.2.

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

-wulma

NAdj

(Appears segmentable in snake terms rabara-wulma and n^guda-wulma, but original meaning lost.)

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

wuln^yin

NcNa

man's genital cover (loincloth) made from possum (yirgin^y) skin, formerly used mainly by groups south of Nunggubuyu.

Cf:

madamada, mindi.

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

=w₂uludi-

VIntrI1

to have spots or similar markings. -yina=buludi- to have spots on one's head. (yinag)

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

wululugu

NcMana

a rainforest shrub with edible fruits, Glycosmis sp. (most likely G. pentaphylla, also reported by Levitt with cognate Anindhilyakwa term). 98.8.1, 98.10.6, 114.8.3.

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ulululha-

or =w₂ululululha-

VIntrA2

to have bright colours, to 2 be bright-coloured and variegated. 52.5.4, 55.8.2, 65.12.2 (these three all refer to sky, around dawn), 119.3.5 (jungle, teeming with ripe fruits).

-w₁ara=wululu(lu)lha-

to be bright-coloured.

-maram=bululu(lu)lha-

to have bright-coloured hand.

-milyir=wululu(lu)lha-

to be brightly decorated.

-andhij=bulululha-

to have grey or silvery hair.

-w₁ur=bululu(lu)lha-

to be stained.

Cf:

=n^gain^gala-, =nagi-.

Related to NAdj in next entry.

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

w₂ulululhu-j

NAdj

spotted, stained, bright-coloured, variegated. wur=bulululhu-j bright-coloured. 115.2.2 (ripe cycad nuts).

It is possible that a variant w₂ululululhu-j also occurs.

Derived from verb, preceding entry.

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ulurja-

VTrA2

to put (object) into fire or oven (lhanda).

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

wulwul

NcWara

tadpole. 3.8.3.

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ulwula-

VIntrA2

to paint (surface).

Ref1:

=w₂ulwuli-'- to paint oneself, to get painted. 28.6.5 (with raman 'emu down'), 55.5.2, 55.5.2rdp, 55.7.6 (these last three in circumcision ritual).

Rdp:

of Ref1: -w₂ul=wulwuli-'-.

Syn:

=w₂ala-, =w₂al-bu-, etc.

Seems etymologically identifiable in =baguma- (cf. -baG-).

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

u-mala

NcAnaWu

(See -mala-).

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

u-malg

NcAnaWu

(See -malg-).

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

wumalanga

NcAnaWu

large boomerang like wulmuwari (not sharply curved).

(Entry on page 245 of printed dictionary)

wuman^guman^gu

or uman^guman^gu

NcAna(Adv)

(for) illicit sex, elopement. 44.1.2, 45.1.2, 79.2.3.

Ex:

wini=ya-n^ggi wuman^guman^gu 'They(MDu, i.e., man and woman) went off to have a sexual affair'.

Cf:

-n^gunin^y-.

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

wumararun^g

NcMana

fish bone around gills.

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

wumarbur

NcAnaWu

small grinding stone, used like a pestle with a larger stone (wurid or maddhan^ga).

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

wumayamaya

NcAnaWu

(treeless) plain (topography). 163.8.4.

Cf:

ajarawalwal.

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

wumbadun^g

NcAnaWu

edible stem of water lily, especially the large sp. (ayag). 114.4.5.

Cf:

-w₂al-.

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

wumbaduru

NcAnaWu

eucalypt sp. said to be like arlhag and to have dark outer bark at bottom of trunk (not seen, could be Eucalyptusclavigera or E. confertiflora).

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

wumbalbul

NcAnaWu

strychnine tree, a tree with poisonous nuts, Strychnos lucida. Text 138.

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

wumbuln^yin

NcAnaWu

fish trap made with poles.

Cf:

maraga, magul.

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

wumin^yiriri

NcAnaWu

drizzle (light rain).

Cf:

anbana, wu:ji.

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

wumudju

NcAnaWu

coolibah tree, Eucalyptusmicrotheca.

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

wumuluri

NcAnaWu

seed pod of the mangrove Rhizophorastylosa (ana).

Syn:

anhuma (less common).

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

w₁umurn^g

NcAnaWu

stringybark shelter or dwelling (usually more sturdy and substantial than lhigidi); (modern) house. 53.1.2, 165.1.1.

NCder:

outer or top shell (of particular object); carapace (of turtle or tortoise). 143.5.3 (Wara class, bees).

Cf:

-la-, lhigidi, wubadad, =rulgulha-, mu:rn^g.

Etym:

Identical to NC_der form u-murn^g from mu:rn^g, now reanalysed.

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

wunalg

NcAnaWu

body-painting (on torso, not limbs). 170.1.3.

Related to verb =wunal-bu-, next entry.

Cf:

anarg (verb =anar-bu-), n^gayag, =rara-, =w₂ala-, =w₂al-bu-, =w₂ulwula-.

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

=wunal-bu-

VTrMal

to paint designs on (person), on torso.

Ref1:

=wunal-bi-'- to paint oneself on body, get painted on body.

Related to preceding entry (cf. additional references there).

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

=w₁unbalga-

VIntrA1

to jump high. (not very common)

Ex:

n^gan^g=gunbalga-n^g ‘I will jump high'.

Possibly contains =w₂alga-.

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

wunbarg

NcWara

mangrove with rounded (not pointed) leaves, mainly applied to Aegialitisannulata, secondarily Exocarposlatifolius (which is also found away from mangroves).

(Entry on page 246 of printed dictionary)

wunbun

NcNa

paper wasp.

Nest:

see derivatives of gulmun^g.

Other wasps: mi:r.

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

wundhulmir

NcAnaø

a large marine fish (tuna, swordfish, or some similar sp.), one of several terms (mostly songwords) for this general class of fish (exact reference unclear). 64.8.4.

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

wundhumug

NcMana

large root corm of a water lily, probably Nymphaea sp. (not seen). 114.9.1ff.

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

=w₂unda-

VIntrN^gal

to quarrel, be in a (verbal) argument or fight. 69.3.4, 161.33.3.

Possibly related to noun w₁/w₂undul, but note semantic shift.

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

wundalmari

NcNa

milkfish, Chanoschanos. (mostly songword) Syn: yimida:ri.

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

w₁/w₂undul

NAdj

calm-tempered, not participating in fight.

HumSg:

wundul-yun^g. P1: wundu-wundul. 69.3.6.

Apparently related to =w₂unda- (if so, note semantic divergence). Cf. w₂ajar.

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

wungali

NcAnaWu

exchange, trade, trading. 69.12.4, 78.1.7/9.

Can be used in commercial sense, but also for 'exchange' of weapons, spears in spear fight, etc.

Caus:

=w₂ungali-jga- VTrA1 to induce (someone) to make a trade. (not common in this form; note unusual Caus. from noun stem).

Cf:

=yi-n^yji- (Recip. of =yi-/=w₁u- 'to give').

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

wunin^ybunin^y

NcAnaø

sea-snake (any species).

Syn:

laran^gana (more common).

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

wunumbi

NcAna(Adv)

(in the) north. 125.9.4, 125.13.1, 163.20.3.

Rdp:

wunu-wunumbi (far) in the north.

Allative:

wunumbi-yaj northward. 18.8.5, 18.6.5, 47.1.2, 97.7.1, 166.7.3.

Ablative:

wunumbi-yala from the north. 20.10.5, 20.6.3, 161.30.1, 166.19.2.

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

wu:n

NcMana

night. 163.7.3 (unclear on tape).

Cf:

-malg-, min^yn^gu, min^yn^gan^ga.

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

-w₂u=na-

VTrN^ga3

(See =na- 'to burn').

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

-w₂u=nagi=

VIntrI1

(See =nagi-).

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

wunargunarg

NcAnaWu

a small freshwater plant.

Said by some but not all speakers to be a synonym of wandalal.

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

-w₁unda-

Nc/Pref

projection, rocks jutting out (over sea).

Can be used as cpd. initial: see =jalalaga-.

NCder:

(The Wara class form war-u-gunda is used as a place name for a rock projection representing the gilyirin^ggilyiri people in the Gunabibi mythology.)

Cf:

=jalalaga-, =ran^yjuga-.

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

wundan^y

NcAnaø

young kangaroo or wallaby, especially young n^gargu (sandy/agile wallaby). 53.3.1, 71.22.2, 94.1.4, 92.3.3.

(Entry on page 247 of printed dictionary)

wundardha

NcN^gara

brolga (bird). 6.1.1.

Sometimes applied specifically to young brolgas.

Syn:

gudargu (more common).

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

wundirig

NcAnaWu

lower arm.

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

=w₁unma-

VIntrA1

(flock) to fly around.

-lhaba=gunma-

feathers (lhabag) to fly around, to be blown around.

Also in rdp. form -lhaba-gunmu=wunma-.

Cf:

=w₂ilbila-.

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

wu-nuga

or u-nuga

NcAnaWu

(See nuga)

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

wunurunuru

NcAnaWu

fog, mist. 13.42.3.

Syn:

wu:ji, walmadha.

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

wu:n^g

NcWara

black plum tree (currant-like fruits), Vitexglabrata. 98.8.4, 98.10.1.

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

wun^gambinn^gambin

NcAnaWu

large wild potato, similar to wudun^ymanji.

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

wun^garagaga

NcAnaWu

shrub sp. with edible fruits, Antidesmaghaesembilla. 98.8.6.

Similar to ganda:n^gililigi.

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

wu-n^garg

or u-n^garg

NcAnaWu

(See -n^garg-).

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

w₂un^ga:ri

NcAnaWu

fight, fighting, conflict. 6.3.1, 17.2.5, 17.2.7, 36.4.1, 44.2.1, Text 69, 70.1.2, 79.1.7, 161.2.1, 161.4.2.

NAdj

(person) engaged in fighting, combatant. (uncommon)

Cf:

galga, wulun^guwa, magaran^ganji, w₂ajar, w₁/w₂undul,=w₂unda-, =w₂u- (Recip. =w₂i-n^yji), =ra- (Recip. =ri-n^yji-).

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

wun^ggan

NcAnaWu

dingo (wild dog).

Syn:

nun^ggaran^g

Cf:

landhurg, n^girin^giri.

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

wun^gganY

NcAnaWu

dancing. 51.5.4.

As cpd. intial: see ala:di, wlalag.

Cf:

=w₂ann^ga-.

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

wun^ggarar

NcAnaWu

river whistling tree, Casuarinacunninghamiana.

Similar to aragin^y.

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

wun^gubal

or un^gubal

NcAnaWu

public camp song and corresponding corroboree dance, sung with didjeridu and tapsticks. 51.5.3, 52.4.5/6, 54.1.5, 62.3.2, 64.3.7, Text 65, 66.1.4, 81.1.3.

Cf:

=maya-, wulan^gur, lhambilbilg, wilbilg.

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

u-n^gu-dhanbarj

NcAnaø

(See -dhanbarj-).

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

u-n^gudu

(See an^gudu).

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

u-n^gu-dun

NcAnaø

(See -dun-).

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

u-n^gu-gun^y

NcAnaø

(See -gun^y-).

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

wun^gujan^g

NcWara

water rat.

With noun-class prefix: wars-wun^gujan^g.

Distinct from u-n^gu-jan^g, including war-u-n^gu-jan^g (see -jan^g-).

Cf:

lhudin^y.

(Entry on page 248 of printed dictionary)

wun^guliri

NcAnaWu

a duck sp., probably the little grebe.

(Entry on page 249 of printed dictionary)

wun^gurudin

NcAnaWu

wild banana, Leichhardtiaaustralis. 98.10.4.

(Entry on page 249 of printed dictionary)

wun^gurug

NcMana

woollybutt tree, Eucalyptusminiata.

(Entry on page 249 of printed dictionary)

wu:n^y

NcAnaWu

(For wu:n^y-miri, etc., see wu:j).

(Entry on page 249 of printed dictionary)

wun^yan

NcAnaWu

upper chest (of body).

Cf:

w₁urij.

(Entry on page 249 of printed dictionary)

w₂un^ya:n^yun^g

NAdj

small (P1), tiny (P1). 15.1.5, 16.4.3, 45.4.3, 114.1.6.

Used for nonhuman or human referents.

Human P1: mij-bun^ya:n^yun^g (little) children. 157.14.5.

P1:

of w₂in^yig.

Cf:

also w₂ura:yun^g, mij-buruyag.

(Entry on page 249 of printed dictionary)

=w₂un^yja-

VTrA1

to lick, to suck (on). 13.17.1, 13.17.3rdp, 92.2.3rdp, 140.2.2/4/6.

Ref1:

=w₂un^yji-'-.

Benef:

of Mult: -a-gara=wun^yja- to suck (absorb) it all for (someone). 139.9.2.

-malagaj=bun^yja-

to suck nectar (or other thick, liquidy substance). 140.4.6.

(Entry on page 249 of printed dictionary)

w₁un^yugun^yig

NAdj

or NcAna(Adv) (moving) slow(ly); (touching, hitting, etc.) softly, lightly, gently.

Formally related to w₁in^yig.

For parallel formation see near-synonym w₁urugurij.

Cf:

also mindig, =andanda-.

Opposite:

balhabalha, n^gulun^gulug.

(Entry on page 249 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ura-

VIntrA2

-yi=wura

to have grim, stern, serious expression on face.

Syn:

=adalala-. Cf. -yi=wilwila- (s.v. =bilwila-).

Related presumably to -w₂uru-j (see below).

(Entry on page 249 of printed dictionary)

w₁/w₂urag

NAdj

left behind, abandoned, left aside. 41.20.2pred, 50.4.6pred, 50.6.4pred, 57.2.2pred, 57.4.3pred, 96.2.4pred, 109.6.3pred, 162.24.6pred.

w₁ara-gurag

NAdj (all) left behind or aside. 126.4.3pred, 143.13.3pred.

ij-gurag

(words) left behind, no longer in use. 73.2.5.

Cf:

-a:ru-, -ama:mi-, mamaga, w₁algal, w₂iriwiri.

(Entry on page 249 of printed dictionary)

wuragurag

NcNa

crow. (uncommon)

Syn:

wuwag, warbarg (both common).

(Entry on page 249 of printed dictionary)

=w₁urama-

VTrA1

to move around (person or thing), especially in circular motion. 12.9.2.

Ref1:

=w₁urami-'- VIntrI1 to move around (in circle), revolve. 7.19.2rdp, 7.20.3rdp. (Note nonreflexive meaning.)

Mult:

of Ref1: -n^garan=gurami-'-.

-bira=wurama-

to go around the hind part or rear end of (someone, something).

-dha=gurama

(Intr !) to go around, go in a circle. 33.3.1, 120.4.2,

162:

2.1, 162.13.4.

-dhaga:=gurama-

to surround (someone, something).

Ref1:

-dhaga:=gurami-'- to go around in circle(s).

-rilji=wurama-

to go around (island). 16.3.1, 16.6.4.

-rin^y=gurami-'-

(Ref1) (brolga, gudargu) to fly around in a circle. 7.19.1rdp.

-aga:=gurami-'-

to go around (in a circle).

-an^g=gurama-

(Intr !) to make a detour (around something), to go around or skirt around something. 16.18.3.

Cf:

=w₂ilibilin^gi-, =baruma-.

(Entry on page 249 of printed dictionary)

=w₂urburlha-

VTrA2

to stroke, pat (something, someone).

Etym:

frozen rdp. of =w₂urlha-, now dissociated formally.

(Entry on page 250 of printed dictionary)

wurid

NcNa

large flat grinding stone (functions like mortar).

Syn:

maddhan^ga. Cf. wumarbur.

(Entry on page 250 of printed dictionary)

w₁uril

NcAna

rottenness, rotten smell. 53.4.8.

NAdj

rotten, rotten-smelling or -tasting.

w₁ara-guril

NAdj (all) rotten.

Fact:

=w₁uril-ga- VTrA1 to make (something) rotten.

lhamij-guril

NAdj rotten-tasting.

As cpd. initial: see =w₂an^yja- 'to smell'.

(Entry on page 250 of printed dictionary)

w₂urindi

(place name)

For num-burindi see alphabetical listing.

(Entry on page 250 of printed dictionary)

=w₂urlha-

VTrA2

to rub, stroke (something).

w₁ara=wurlha-

to rub (something) all over. 28.9.2.

-ba=burlha-

to rub (someone) in the eye. 28.9.2. (-baG-)

Related to =w₂urburlha- (frozen rdp.).

(Entry on page 250 of printed dictionary)

wurugu

NcAnaWu

billabong (small lake). 10.1.2/3, 18.20.1, 18.21.2, 28.13.2, 114.1.2.

Rdp:

plural: wuru-wurugu '(lots of/all the) billabongs'. 7.16.5, 7.19.6, 95.1.1, 166.28.3. (Rdp. not obligatory for semantic P1).

wurugu-lhama-lhamungur

NcAnaWu short (small) billabongs. 95.1.2 (with NAdj final in rdp. P1 form, see dhamungur).

As cpd. initial: see also =na- 'to see', =w₂awalha- (-wurugu=walhi-'-).

ma-burugu

NcMana (NC_der- derivative) large billabong (esp. when water is low).

Cf:

n^galba, ala, gu:gu.

(Entry on page 250 of printed dictionary)

wurugugu

or wurugugug

NcN^gara

(Variant of gurugugu).

(Entry on page 250 of printed dictionary)

wuruguri

NcNa

mangrove tree sp., Ceriopstagal. (uncommon)

Syn:

anara (more common).

(Entry on page 250 of printed dictionary)

-wurugu=walhi-'-

VIntrI1

(See =w₂awalha-).

(Entry on page 250 of printed dictionary)

-w₂uru-j

w₁urij-buru-j

NcAnaWu sweat.

Appears related to =w₂ura-.

(Entry on page 250 of printed dictionary)

=w₁/w₂

urya-

VTrA2

to pour liquid on (person or thing, direct object). 95.5.3, 118.3.1, 132.8.2, 132.10.1rdp, 133.2.3.

Ref1:

w₁/w₂uryi-'- to pour liquid on oneself, to have liquid poured on oneself. 128.1.3, 131.3.2.

Mult:

-w₁ara=gurya- to pour liquid all over (someone), to pour liquid over all (of them).

Mult:

of Ref1: -w₁ara=guryi-'-. 139.2.3, 139.7.5.

-ba=gurya-

to pour liquid on or over the eyes of (someone).

Ref1:

-ba=guryi-'-. 127.5.2, 131.1.2, 139.3.3.

-manda=wuryi-'-

(Ref1) to pour liquid on one's (lower) leg(s). 128.1.2.

-ambulu=gurya-

to pour liquid on or over the head of (someone).

-yina=guryi-'-

(Ref1) to pour liquid on one's face or over one's head. 132.10.1rdp.

Cf:

=ararja-.

Note that =w₁urya- (with w₁) is the basis for derivatives and all compounds.

(Entry on page 250 of printed dictionary)

=w₂uryara-

VIntrA2

to dream, to have a dream. 40.4.1.

Cf:

ambarj.

(Entry on page 251 of printed dictionary)

wurabadji

NcWara

a species of parrotfish or tuskfish, distinct from yambirgu. 64.3.4, 105.3.2.

(Entry on page 251 of printed dictionary)

wurabura

NcMana

fish trap. (uncommon)

Syn:

maraga (more common).

(Entry on page 251 of printed dictionary)

wuralng

NcN^gara

blue-winged kookaburra.

(Entry on page 251 of printed dictionary)

wuraln^gu

NcAnaø

channel-billed cuckoo.

Young:

gajaln^gu.

(Entry on page 251 of printed dictionary)

wuramagu

NcWara

a small, wren-like bird sp.

(Entry on page 251 of printed dictionary)

wuran^gguran^g

NcAnaWu

cattail (tall rush in swamps), Typha sp.

(Entry on page 251 of printed dictionary)

=w₂ura:yun^g

NAdj

small (P1). 7.2.3ff.pred, 15.1.4, 64.2.2, 121.1.2.

Usual human form: mij-bura:yun^g 'children'. 20.3.2, 157.14.5pred.

Functions as P1 (nonhuman as well as human) for w₂irig.

Cf:

w₂un^ya:n^yun^g, mij-buruyag.

As cpd. final: see ala, mada.

(Entry on page 251 of printed dictionary)

wurban

NcN^gara

emu.

One speaker gave this as a Nunggubuyu word referring mainly to the young male emu. Other speakers said this was not a Nunggubuyu word. (wurpan 'emu' occurs in Ritharngu.)

Syn:

wa:yin (common), etc.

(Entry on page 251 of printed dictionary)

=w₁/w₂urbar-wu-

VTrMa1

to paint (something, someone) with red ochre (bulbar). 52.2.4/5.

Root possibly related to bulbar, but cf. also w₁urG- in w₁ur=bulululha- (s.v. =w₂ulululha-).

(Entry on page 251 of printed dictionary)

-w₁ur=bulululha-

VIntrA2

(See =w₂ulululha-).

(Entry on page 251 of printed dictionary)

=w₂urdha-

VTrA2

to bury (someone, something); to cover (him/it) up with dirt or some other substance. 8.5.4, 8.6.2, 50.4.1, 51.1.3, 62.4.3, 65.2.2rdp, 101.2.1, 101.2.3rdp, 132.4.3.

Benef:

-a=burdha-. 163.4.2rdp. (semantics of Benef. unclear)

Mult:

w₁ara=wurdha-. 4.3.4/5, 109.4.4.

Ref1:

=w₂urdhi-'- to be buried or covered up. 54.2.3/4.

-ba=burdha-

to cause (person) to close his/her eyes. 42.6.5

Recip:

of this cpd: -ba=burdhi-n^yji-. 42.6.6.

Cf:

=n^gawa-, =dhida-, =w₁aba-, =w₁amadha-, =ambamadha-.

(Entry on page 251 of printed dictionary)

=w₂urda-

VIntrN^gal

(Form of =burda- in cpds.).

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

-w₁urG-

Pref

For w₁ur=bulululha- see =w₂ulululha-, possibly also =w₁/w₂urbar-wu-.

No clear connection to following item.

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

wurg

NcAnaWu

bushfire or grass fire set in the bush by people (to clear off tall grasses or in hunting large animals). 59.6.3, 95.10.6/8.

Fact:

=w₁ur-ga- VTrA1 to set (bushfire). 95.9.1.

Related to verb =agurgan^yji- (*-aGw₁urg-ga-n^yji-).

For related vocabulary see n^gura, cpds. with -yiga-, =na- 'to burn' (esp. -w₂u=na-, probably related to wurg formally).

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

wurgala

or wurugala

NcMana

wattle sp. with very fat leaves, edible gum on the bark, perhaps Acacialatifolia or the like (not seen). Text 123, 139.9.4.

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

wuri

NcAnaWu

large pot or cauldron which Macassans (man^gga:dhira) formerly used to boil trepang in. 167.6.1, 167.8.1.

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

w₁urij

NcNa

chest (of body), esp. mid and lower part.

NcNa

hiccough, hiccup.

As cpd. initial usually means 'chest' or feelings/emotions: see =jiririga-, =lhan^garma-n^yji- (s.v. =lhan^garma-), =lhimuda-, =n^guddha-, =w₁abi-'- (s.v. =w₁aba-), ala:di, w₂ann^ga-, mamalan^g, =w₁uldha-, -w₂uru-j, ya:lwul, =yajga-.

Possibly present in wurijgadada, =w₁urijuldha-.

Cf:

wun^yan, n^gandi.

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

-w₁uri=jajga-

VTrA1

(See =yajga-).

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

-w₁uri-ja:lwul

NAdj

(See ya:lwul).

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

wurij-buru-j

NcAnaWu

(See -w₂uru-j).

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

wurijgadada

NcN^gara

pregnant female dugong (n^garugalij).

Syn:

gurwiji (less common).

May contain w₁urij.

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

-w₁urij=guldha-

VIntrA2

(See =w₁uldha-, also following entry).

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

wurij-guldhi-n^y

NcAnaWu

thirst, thirstiness. 34.8.6.

Abstract verbal noun from w₁urij=guldha- (s.v. =w₁uldha-).

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

=w₁urijuldha-

VIntrA2

(medicine man) to disappear, or make something disappear, by swishing a branch in the air. 1.3.4.

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

w₁urin^y

NcNa

(Surface form of w₁urij).

(Entry on page 252 of printed dictionary)

=w₁/w₂uriyi-

VTrI1

to lift up (object), to hold (it) up.

Benef:

-a=guriyi- or -a=buriyi-.

-ba=guriyi-

to show something (unspecified in verb) to (person, direct object).

Ex:

of this cpd.: n^ganu-ba=guriyi-n^y 'I showed (it) to him'.

Cf:

=yijga- (not =ijga-), =gujguji-, =lalaga-.

Possibly related to =yiyi-.

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

=w₂urja-

VIntrA2

to clap hands. 41.18.3, 41.23.5.

Rf:

burj!.

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

wurjulugu

NcMana

marine long-tom fish.

Syn:

marijguru.

Freshwater long-tom: mada (or n^galaji).

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

wurjulyul

NcMana

sapling of white mangrove (lhalgur, q.v.).

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

=w₂urlha-

VIntrA2

to sink (in to water, etc.); to drown. Cf. =n^gambi-.

Ex:

ma=wurlhi-n^y 'It (boat, barawu) sank'. Related to =w₂urwurlha-.

-amburu=wurlha-

(rainbow) to sink, to fade away.

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

=w₁uru-bu-

VTrMal

In cpd. -w₁urij=guru-bu- to burn (person). See =ru-bu-.

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

wurubudug

NcMana

female darter, 'diver duck'.

Syn:

argarg. Cf. yan^ggalan.

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

wurubul

NcAnaWu

or NcAnaø freshwater snake, Amphiesmamairii.

Cf:

nun^yjarawujbuj.

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

wurugala

NcMana

(Variant of wurgala).

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

wurugu

Particle

later; again, in addition. 7.6.2, 13.13.4, 13.30.2, 21.9.1, 21.10.1, 33.1.1, 69.5.1, 73.5.5, 142.3.4, 161.20.2, 163.14.2.

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

wurugugu

NcMana

flower of stringybark (lhu:n^y, Eucalyptustetradonta), also flower of certain other eucalypts (mainly E. ferruginea, gurjada); (occasionally) flower (in general). 98.3.4/5, 98.4.5.

Cf:

dhan^gara, lhabag, wirinbirin, yambubug.

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

w₁urugurij

NAdj

or NcAna(Adv) slow(ly); (hitting) softly, gently, lightly (not hard). 20.9.4, 37.2.4, 43.11.3, 43.13.3, 62.5.2, 66.1.6, 112.1.1.

Ex:

of predicative use (common, though not in these texts); ba=wurugurij ba=yambi:-na 'Speak softly (not loud) or slowly'.

malan^ga-gurugurij

rather slow, quite slow or softly.

Inch:

see next entry, below.

Syn:

w₁un^yugun^yig (the two are related to the two roots for 'small, w₂irig and w₂in^yig). Cf. mindig, =andanda-.

Opposite:

n^gulun^gulug, balhabalha.

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

=w₁urugurij-bi-

VIntrI1

to be or go slowly (or softly).

Derived from preceding entry.

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

w₂uruj

NAdj

human (not animal), Aboriginal (not European).

In indefinite or generic sense often takes Wara class morphology (no rdp.): 4.7.1, 1.8.9, 7.14.6, 15.8.1, 15.13.1, 16.16.4, 33.3.5, 17.15.4, 40.15.1.

HumSg:

wuru-jun^g. 15.14.3, 45.1.3, 65.8.4.

P1:

wuru-wuruj. 4.8.3, 29.6.7, 29.10.2, 33.2.7, 64.4.2.

P1:

occasionally wurujburuj. 14.7.3. Du: wuruj-ba:. 13.36.3.

With suffix -lhan^gu the form is wuruj-dhan^gu '(lots of) people'. 47.13.7, 100.3.3. This form, and occasionally simple w₂uruj, is also attested in sense 'crowd, large number' and in this sense may apply to nonhumans: 13.4.2 (with -lhan^gu), 13.4.2 and 13.6.3 (without -lhan^gu), these exx. involving meat ants.

(Entry on page 253 of printed dictionary)

-w₁uruj=barbi-

or w₁urij=barbi-

VIntrI1

(See =w₂arbi-).

(Entry on page 254 of printed dictionary)

wurujburuj

NAdj

(P1) See discussion of P1. forms of w₂uruj.

(Entry on page 254 of printed dictionary)

wurulambilambi

NcWara

beach grass with large flower spike, Spinifexlongifolius. Closely associated by Nunggubuyu with n^garn^gar, which has similar habitat. Note that the English term 'spinifex grass' is normally applied to Triodia spp. (see arn^yal, ya:ln^g) rather than to Spinifex spp. in the botanical system.

(Entry on page 254 of printed dictionary)

wurulanda

NcN^gara

emu. (uncommon)

Syn:

wa:yin (common), etc.

(Entry on page 254 of printed dictionary)

wuruludhun

NcN^gara

emu. (uncommon)

Syn:

wa:yin (common), etc.

(Entry on page 254 of printed dictionary)

wurululug

NcMana

great-billed heron.

Syn (according to some speakers); n^ga:guruwul.

Young:

ga:njul.

(Entry on page 254 of printed dictionary)

=w₁uruma-

VTrA3

(insect) to buzz around (person). 15.11.2, 16.13.9.

Recip:

=w₁uruma-n^yji- to all swarm together. 16.13.6.

-ba=guruma-

(insect) to buzz around the eye of (person).

Ex:

n^gani-ba=guruma-n^gi 'It (fly, a:mun^y) buzzed around my eye'.

-ran^ga=guruma-

(wasp) to buzz around (tree). 143.13.5. (ran^gag)

Syn:

=mun^ymun^y ja-.

(Entry on page 254 of printed dictionary)

wurumban^gana

NcAnaø

tern sp. (marine bird).

Cf:

gayin^galama.

(Entry on page 254 of printed dictionary)

wurumburun^g

NcAnaWu

itchiness, itchy area on skin.

NAdj

itchy, having an itchy area on one's body.

Cf:

burandi, gadhala, =ririra-.

(Entry on page 254 of printed dictionary)

wurunburun

NcMana

'brownish-red crawling vine with small berries known to be a favourite food for emu, Cassythafiliformis.

(Entry on page 254 of printed dictionary)

wurun^galijun^g

NcAnaWu

plant with berries, said to be very similar to n^ga:lig, but berries said to have fewer prickly spines, probably Solanum sp. (S. lucanii ?) or Physalisminima.

Probably contains n^ga:lig in stem but construction unusual.

(Entry on page 254 of printed dictionary)

wurun^gurini

NcNa

strong, cold south or southeast wind.

Cf:

mariga.

(Entry on page 254 of printed dictionary)

wururi

NcMana

'dugong grass', a flat seagrass known to be a favourite food of dugong. 18.2.4, 18.5.8.

(Entry on page 254 of printed dictionary)

=w₁urura-

VIntrA2

to point (finger, gspear). 13.36.3, 41.14.1.

Emend 13.36.3 to nun^g=gurura-n^gi. (This stem needs more checking.)

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

=w₂

ururudha-

VIntrA2

-w₂an=bururudha-

to feel faint, to feel dizzy.

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

=(w₁)ururuga-

VTrA1

-mun^g=gururuga-

to twist (stick) around in the hair of (person, direct object). 13.16.2 (unusual rdp. of punctual aspect).

-agajij=gururuga-

to correct (person), to give the right word or information to (person).

Cf:

=yururuga-.

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

wuruwajba

or wuruwajbajba

NcWara

red-winged parrot.

Identification not certain (cf. wilijbilij, other noun class).

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

-w₂uruyag

NAdj

(See mij-buruyag).

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

=wur-wu-

VTrMal

-an^yjabal=wur-wu-

to carry (basket, etc.) under shoulder.

Cf:

=w₂idhi-, =w₁armun^ggu-.

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

wurwur

NcAnaø

winking owl.

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

=w₂urwurlha-

VIntrA2

to slow down; to become calm, quiet.

-ya:l=wurwurlha-

to feel depressed.

-yar=wurwurlha-

to feel tired. (Perhaps variant of preceding)

Probably an old rdp. of =w₂urlha-, now dissociated, but w₁urugurij may be involved at least in terms of semantic contamination.

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

=w₁/w₂uryi-

VTrI1

(Variant of =w₁/w₂uriyi-).

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

=w₂uryuwi-

VTrI1

to speak to (person).

-agajij=buryuwi-

to speak to (person).

Mult:

of Ref1: w₁ara=wuryuwi-'- VIntrI1 to converse, have a discussion. 47.22.9. (Ref1. identical in inflectional suffixes to simple form; analysis of this form as. Ref1. based on change in transitivity.)

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

wuwag

NcNa

crow. Texts 11-13, 119.1.1.

Syn:

warbarg (equally common) and others listed with warbarg.

Onomatopoeia:

wa:g!.

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

wuwalulu

NcAnaø

gale, cyclone, strong wind.

Syn:

wuyarida. Distinct from wuwalulu.

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

=w₁uwalga-

VIntrA1

to run, to rush up. 8.4.2, 11.6.1, 12.9.1, 17.4.1/2/7, 24.4.5, 62.4.7.

Ex:

n^gi=wuwalga-na n^gara:-'nbana 'The rain is coming up fast'.

Comit:

-an^yji=wuwalga- to run (up) with. 11.6.2.

Cf:

=yarba-, =rulmurda-, =jarara-.

Possibly connected etymologically with =w₂alga-, but no synchronic connection.

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

wuwalulu

NcAnaWu

shrub with thin leaves, Whrightiasaligna.

NcN^gara

young bush curlew (guwilu).

(Entry on page 255 of printed dictionary)

-(w₁)uwanima

big intestines (colon).

Occurs only as NC_der-guwanima, unmarked form (for humans and animals) ma-guwanimaNcMana. 95.6.3.

Cf:

n^gudan, da:n, -(w₁)ugulhanun^y, -lhan^gaj-.

(Entry on page 256 of printed dictionary)

wuwaraji

NcAnaWu

digging stick which the gilyirin^ggilyiri (human-like characters in Gunabibi mythology) used to dig a well with.

Cf:

anan^y.

(Entry on page 256 of printed dictionary)

wuwargu

NcAnaWu

taipan snake (deadly).

Young:

n^galaran^yn^galaraj.

(Entry on page 256 of printed dictionary)

wuy!

Interjection

Hey! (attention-getter).

(Entry on page 256 of printed dictionary)

-w₁uy

Suff

for, to, toward. (Allative-Dative case suffix).

(Entry on page 256 of printed dictionary)

wuyaran^gal

NcAnaWu

wild grape, probably Ampelocissus sp. (possibly Cissus sp.). 62.4.3, 98.8.3, 98.10.3, 157.7.5.

(Entry on page 256 of printed dictionary)

wuyarida

NcAnaWu

gale, cyclone, strong wind. 157.12.7.

Syn:

wuwalulu.

(Entry on page 256 of printed dictionary)

=w₂uyubuyama-

VIntrA3

-ba=buyubuyama-

to have eyes dazed or dizzy. (-baG-)

-w₂a:n=buyubuyama-

to be tired or sleepy.

(Entry on page 256 of printed dictionary)

=w₂uyuda-

VTrA2

to rub (object) briskly in hands. 100.2.4/5, 129.1.2rdp.

Cf:

=w₂urlha-.

(Entry on page 256 of printed dictionary)

=w₁/w₂uyuguyuma-

VTrA1

to carry (someone, something) in one's arms.

(Entry on page 256 of printed dictionary)

wuyun^gguwan

NcAnaWu

ritual performance (especially Gunabibi).

(Entry on page 256 of printed dictionary)

w₂uyuwuya

NAdj

grieved, very sorry, feeling sorry (for someone). 17.12.5pred.

Cf:

=w₂arn^gayu-, n^gayi, =ma:rma-, an^yjawalayun^g.

(Entry on page 256 of printed dictionary)

=w₂uywulha-

VIntrA2

(women) to perform women's dance in the madayin ritual.

(Entry on page 256 of printed dictionary)