-l a-
Nc/Pref
(outer) shell (of nut, etc., not normally for shellfish).
NCder:
120.5.2 (
ma-l a , shell of fruit). In form (an-)u-
l a NcAnaWu can mean 'billycan' (more often called bulayi).
(Entry on page 73 of printed dictionary)
l abama
2
NcNa
small white grubs in ground.
3
NcNa
chambered nautilus.
(Entry on page 73 of printed dictionary)
l abarg(Entry on page 73 of printed dictionary)
=l a:bi-ny ji-
VIntrI2
(apparently Recip. in form) (sense unclear).
18.3.5 .
(Entry on page 73 of printed dictionary)
=l a:dha-
Caus:
=
l a:dhi-(j) ga-
VTrA1 to set fire to (object).
17.5.3 ,
17.6.2 .
(Entry on page 73 of printed dictionary)
l a:dhani(Entry on page 73 of printed dictionary)
l adag
NcNa
milkwood tree, Alstonia actinophylla .
(Entry on page 73 of printed dictionary)
l aga
NcAnaWu
lower leg; hind part of fish (tail plus adjacent part of body).
12.3.1 ,
112.4.5 .
(Entry on page 73 of printed dictionary)
l a:ga
ng ari-l aga
NcNg ara sharp-bladed stone spear.
71.4.3 . NC
der form.
(Entry on page 73 of printed dictionary)
-l aga=wanng a-
(Entry on page 74 of printed dictionary)
l agu
Broad term designating the various native honey bee spp. (Trigona ), their honey, hives, etc.
(Entry on page 74 of printed dictionary)
l al a
NcMana
small swamp plant, perhaps a sedge, with edible roots, similar to mun
y ugu.
7.19.3 ,
114.11.2 .
(Entry on page 74 of printed dictionary)
=l al a-
Rdp:
-
l a=
l a
l a- (in
143.5.3 this could be cpd. with
-l a- , q.v.).
Past2 normally =l al a:-'-ni rather than *=l al a-wa:-'.
-w2 arigula=l al a-
to remove skin of (fruit, etc.).
125.5.2 .
(Entry on page 74 of printed dictionary)
=l al a:da-
VIntrA2
(animal, fruit) to be skinned or peeled; (tree) to have bark stripped off.
Caus:
=
l a
l a:di-jga-
VTrA1 to remove skin or bark of (object often tree).
53.1.2 .
-yina=l al a:da-
to have the skin of one's head removed.
132.10.2 . (yinag).
(Entry on page 74 of printed dictionary)
=l al aga-
VTrA1
to lift, raise (something, someone); to get (people) up and moving.
5.3.4 ,
5.4.3/4 ,
7.18.5 rdp,
7.20.2 rdp,
36.5.2 ,
40.12.1 ,
44.1.4 ,
145.1.5 ,
161.25.6 .
Rdp:
regularly -l a=l al aga-.
Ref1:
=
l a
l agi-'-
VIntrI2 to get up (often, but not always, implies subsequent motion, hence 'to get up and set off').
5.3.6 ,
8.4.1 ,
16.2.7 ,
163.7.3/4 ,
163.12.4 ,
163.19.6 ,
164.1.1 ,
167.6.3 , etc. (very common).
Comit:
of Ref1: -an
y ji=
l a
l agi-'- to get up (and set off) with (someone, something).
44.2.7 ,
44.4.5/6 ,
44.4.6 rdp.
-mar a=l al agi-'-
to raise one's hand. (mar ang )
-mabun u=l al agi-'-
(decomposed corpse) to rise (to surface of water). Attested
34.7.1/2 in internally rdp. form.
-ya=l al aga-
to make (it) louder, raise its voice or sound. (ya:ng )
-lhu=l al agi-'-
(motor) to start up powerfully.
162.8.3 . (lhu:
d ).
(Entry on page 74 of printed dictionary)
=l al alha-
(Entry on page 74 of printed dictionary)
=l al -bu-
(Entry on page 74 of printed dictionary)
=l al ibijga-
VTrA1
to leak out, divulge (ritual matters).
(Entry on page 74 of printed dictionary)
=l al ima-
VIntrA1
to be happy or satisfied.
(Entry on page 75 of printed dictionary)
=l al ma-
Caus:
=
l a
l mi-jga-
VTrA1 to cause it to dawn (i.e., to stay up doing something until dawn). Direct object is AnaWu (cf. the dummy Ana subject with
=l al ma- in sense 'to dawn'). Ex. of Caus: wiri=
l a
l mi-jga-n
y 'They stayed up until dawn'.
-a=l al ma-
to dawn.
45.6.5 rdp,
125.11.2 . (Formally Intr, hence -a= cannot be Benef. -aG=, so most likely to be the cpd. initial -a- or -aG- found in some cpds. referring to 'ground'.)
-a=l al mi-jga-
(Used like Caus. =l al mi-jga-, see above).
In view of preceding remarks, the dummy Ana subject of
l a
l ma- (and object of =
l a
l mi-jga-) might possibly be identified with
aban NcAnaWu 'ground', so that wu=
l a
l ma-n
y 'it dawned' is literally something like 'it (ground) was torn'. However, no overt noun-phrase is attested here.
(Entry on page 75 of printed dictionary)
l a:ma
NcAnaWu
'shovel spear' (modern spear with flat, tongue-shaped metal blade).
10.15.7 ,
17.3.5 ,
17.5.1/2 ,
45.10.1 ,
45.11.5 ,
69.5.7 ,
69.8.1 ,
71.7.2 ,
71.16.4 ,
73.3.3 ,
170.3.6 .
(Entry on page 75 of printed dictionary)
l amabu
HumSg:
l amabu-ny ung . P1: l ama-l amabu.
l amabu-wala:di
NAdj bad singer.
Other congratulatory terms of this type:
abal ,
w2 alaj , etc.
(Entry on page 75 of printed dictionary)
l a-mal ang (Entry on page 75 of printed dictionary)
=l amanbada-
VTrA2
to do (something) well or properly; to make (object) well.
166.5.6 .
-malang a=l amanbada-
to do or make (something) quite well.
166.5.5 .
(Entry on page 75 of printed dictionary)
-l am=badja-
(Entry on page 75 of printed dictionary)
l ambag
1
NcMana
triton shell Syrinx aruanus .
2
NcMana
small billycan. (uncommon term)
(Entry on page 75 of printed dictionary)
=l ambala-
VIntrA2
(sun, al ir or star, miyir i) to shine.
(Entry on page 75 of printed dictionary)
l ambal amba:dhu
NcNa
mullet sp. with short snout, thick body at base of tail, probably Liza dussumieri .
(Entry on page 75 of printed dictionary)
-l am=bar awar ar bi-
VIntrI1
(See =w2 ar awar ar bi-).
(Entry on page 76 of printed dictionary)
l ambara
(Eng. creole, originally from languages to south)
Nk
father-in-law (wife's father) .
(Entry on page 76 of printed dictionary)
-l ami
u-l ami
NcAnaWu river.
7.18.3 (rdp. P1 u
l u:-'-
l ami). Gloss approximate; used in songs and other special styles.
(Entry on page 76 of printed dictionary)
=l amumun-dhi-
(Entry on page 76 of printed dictionary)
l amumung
NAdj
stubborn (pperson); wild, unrestrained, disobedient.
HumSg:
l amumun
y -jun
g . P1:
l ama-
l amumun
g .
69.6.2 .
May contain l a:ng 'head' (compare Eng. 'headstrong').
(Entry on page 76 of printed dictionary)
-l aN-
Pref
cloud (or possibly sky).
As cpd. initial (mainly in song and other special styles): see
=lha-
'to stand' (-l ang -garagara=lha-); cf. verbs starting =l an...
Easily confused with the more common cpd. initials
-l an-
(see l a:n 'knee') and -l ang - (see l a:ng 'scalp, head').
(Entry on page 76 of printed dictionary)
l a:n
NCder:
attested in mana form ma-
l an 'root corm (of
mad iga sedge). (Contrast -lhamuln
g -).
(Entry on page 76 of printed dictionary)
-l an=dhardha-
VIntrNg a1
(See =lhardha-).
(Entry on page 76 of printed dictionary)
=l andhirng inda-
VIntrNg a1
(tree, cloud, etc.) to be very high up.
123.1.6 (tree).
(Entry on page 76 of printed dictionary)
l andhurg
Can also be treated as NAdj with human forms when designating specific dogs:
(Entry on page 76 of printed dictionary)
=l angad a-
VIntrA2
(sun) to be moving upward in the sky (around 8:00 - 9:00 in the morning).
52.5.6 .
Cf:
al ir . (n and g pronounced separately)
(Entry on page 76 of printed dictionary)
l angaj(Entry on page 76 of printed dictionary)
-l an=ng adada-
(Entry on page 76 of printed dictionary)
l ang
NcAnaWu
(top of) head. (not common in this form)
Note that cpd. initial form -
l an
g - is easily confusable with
-l aN- and the cpd. initial form of
l a:n (q.v.).
(Entry on page 77 of printed dictionary)
=l ang aba:bi-
VIntrI1
to bob up and down on surface of water.
Mult:
-n
g ara=
l an
g aba:bi-.
27.5.4 .
Etym:
Probably
l a:n
g plus
=aba:bi- (or rdp. of =abi-), but such a synchronic analysis is semantically doubtful.
(Entry on page 77 of printed dictionary)
l ang ar i
NAdj
headstrong, stubborn, wild (person).
Etym:
Perhaps *l ang -ar i 'without head' ('without sense').
(Entry on page 77 of printed dictionary)
=l ang gala-
VIntrA2
(freshwater fish) to rise from mud under water (either at the end of the dry season when the first rains come, or when stunned by chemicals from tree branches thrown into water by Aboriginals).
98.6.1 ff.
(Entry on page 77 of printed dictionary)
l ang galu(Entry on page 77 of printed dictionary)
l ang gal ang ga:bijug
NcNa
red-backed kite (a hawk, also known as brahminy kite or red-backed sea-eagle).
(Entry on page 77 of printed dictionary)
-l ang gu-
Pref
river mouth, estuary. (apparent meaning)
Attested only in cpd. with
=yabi-'- (s.v. =yaba-).
(Entry on page 77 of printed dictionary)
l ang guralma
NcNg ara
morning or evening star.
(Entry on page 77 of printed dictionary)
l a:ng gurg
NcNg ara
a marine fish sp., perhaps javelinfish, Pomadasys sp.
(Entry on page 77 of printed dictionary)
l ang ij
NcNa
the more common of the two local shovel-nosed rays, of principally cream or buff colour, with long snout.
35.13.1 .
(Entry on page 77 of printed dictionary)
l any uny ung (Entry on page 77 of printed dictionary)
l aragija
NcNg ara
young sea-snake (l arang ana).
Colour patterns are often different on young and old sea-snakes.
(Entry on page 77 of printed dictionary)
l arang ana
NcNg ara
sea-snake (more than one sp.).
(Also the personal name of one of the text narrators.)
(Entry on page 77 of printed dictionary)
l arda
As cpd. initial replaced by –w1 ar ang gi- (see -w1 ar ang gay-).
(Entry on page 78 of printed dictionary)
l aruwa
1
NcAnaWu
long pipe (smoking).
2
NcAnaWu
masts and other wooden parts of rigging of Macassan ship.
(Entry on page 78 of printed dictionary)
l arwad
NcMana
bamboo-like cane grass sp. found around brackish water on coast, Phragmites karka .
Cane grass spears from this plant:
dhi:ndi .
(Entry on page 78 of printed dictionary)
l awar
NcMana
material dipped in honey and sucked, usually clean inner bark of Acacia torulosa (miny ar, miny arng ).
Syn:
wulug (much more common). Cf. a
r iga
r i.
(Entry on page 78 of printed dictionary)
l awawa
NcNa
cloth headband used in Gunabibi ritual.
(Entry on page 78 of printed dictionary)
l a:ygulhu
NcNa
a marine catfish sp. (fork-tailed), probably
Netuma thalassina .
105.5.1 .
(Entry on page 78 of printed dictionary)
-l i-
(Entry on page 78 of printed dictionary)
l iba
or l iwa (sometimes heard l i:ba, l i:wa)
1
NcAnaWu
paperbark (papery bark from any of several paperbark trees,
Melaleuca spp.). Exx. with b are
71.16.4 ff.,
71.21.3 ,
96.2.3 ,
127.1.6 . Exx. with w are
13.30.2 ,
40.9.3 ,
50.1.5 ,
117.2.3/4 ,
125.3.1 ,
129.1.1 ,
146.1.1/4 .
2
NcAnaWu
a particular paperbark tree known for its easily detachable bark, Melaleuca viridiflora (applied only to the tall, thick form with abundant bark found along swamps; stunted forms in seasonal floodplains are called r agala). Exx.
with w are
98.1.3 ,
162.20.5 (first of these two shows mana- class prefix instead of ana-, showing sporadic noun-class analogy to (mana-)
r agala). Ex. with b is
144.2.1 .
wu-l iba
or wu-
l iwa
NcAnaWu money (esp. paper money); (rarely) paperbark.
53.1.3 .
-l iba-
as cpd. initial: see =w1 aba-.
(Entry on page 78 of printed dictionary)
=l ibawa-
VTrA1
to divide up (commodity such as firewood), to share (commodity).
Cf:
=yi-n
y ji- (Recip. of =yi-/=w
1 u- 'to give'),
=lhagan ma- .
(Entry on page 78 of printed dictionary)
l ibil ibala
yamar-l ibil ibala
NcAna (Adv ). (on) one side.
(Entry on page 78 of printed dictionary)
=l ida-
VIntrA2
(dog) to frolic, play around.
Recip:
=l idi-ny ji- VIntrI2 (dogs) to frolic together.
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
=l igirija-
VTrA2
to dispose of (rubbish), to throw (something) away.
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
=l ilhad bara-
VIntrNg a1
to be hidden (behind tree).
71.12.3 .
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
=l il iri-bu-
VTrMa1
to tap (boomerangs) together (as in Gunabibi ritual singing).
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
=l ima-
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
l indi:rij
NcMana
red-collared (varied) lorikeet, a large parrot sp.
38.1.1 .
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
l i:ng u
NcAna(Adv)
on the side, along the side.
Ex:
ni=ya-n
g gi
l i:ng u 'He went along the side (of something)'.
yamar-l i:ng u
NcAna (Adv ) on or along the side.
ma-l ing u-miri
(looking) askance, from the side. (NC
der prefix maG- plus Instrumental case suffix -miri).
71.7.3 . Related to -
l i-. Cf. also
l ibi
l ibala, yamar.
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
=l iny gi-wu-
VTrMa1
to blame or accuse (person); to cause (person) to take the blame (perhaps wrongly).
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
l irag(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
l irbi
NcAnaWu
fun, games, joking around.
=l irbi-wa-
or =l irbi-ya- VTrA1 (Fact) to fool around with, to joke or play with (something), to take (e.g., ritual)
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
=l irbi-ma-
VTrA3
to play with (person, thing).
44.1.6 (euphemism for copulation, cf. =da-).
Contains
l irbi and
=ma- 'to get', here with such watered down meaning that I take =
l irbi- as the root. However, an analysis with -
l irbi- as cpd. initial is possible.
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
l irin
NcNa
a bivalve shellfish sp.
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
l iriyil
NcMana
a type of seaweed or seagrass, said to be larger than wurur i, said to be found in fresh as well as saltwater.
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
l irjal
NcMana
sapling of a buttressed-root mangrove tree sp., Rhizophora stylosa (an a).
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
=l ir-u-
(Entry on page 79 of printed dictionary)
l irwag
NcWara
(Occasional variant of l irag).
(Entry on page 80 of printed dictionary)
=l ir-wu-
none
VIntrMa1 to begin performing Gunabibi ritual.
48.1.3 .
(Entry on page 80 of printed dictionary)
l iwa
NcAnaWu
(Variant of l iba).
(Entry on page 80 of printed dictionary)
=l u:lha-
-ma=l u:lha-
(group) to wade in water. (-man-)
(Entry on page 80 of printed dictionary)
=l ul uma-
VIntrA3
(tide) to come in, to rise; (floodwaters) to rise. (not common)
(Entry on page 80 of printed dictionary)
=l umburugala-
VIntrA2
(brolga bird, gu
d argu) to have back erect.
7.19.3 . (Chiefly a songword)
(Entry on page 80 of printed dictionary)
l ung gurma
NcAnaWu
northeast wind. (fairly uncommon term)
(Entry on page 80 of printed dictionary)
=l urjgan ma-
VTrA1
to chase away, shoo (birds, animals, etc.).
Ref1:
=l urjgan mi-'- to be chased away.
(Entry on page 80 of printed dictionary)
l urmun(Entry on page 80 of printed dictionary)