ja!
or sa!
Interjection
shoo! (used chiefly to shoo away dogs).
Except in sa! (often pronounced with lengthened s), s does not occur as a consonant in Nunggubuyu.

(Entry on page 42 of printed dictionary)

jadiwanggani
NcAnaØ
flatback turtle.
Syn:
gariwa (most common term), anuwa.

(Entry on page 42 of printed dictionary)

ja:dug
NAdj
finished, completed; all gone, used up. 161.26.2pred, 161.31.3/4pred, 161.32.2pred.
Fact:
=ja:du-ga- VTrA1 to complete (it): to finish (it) up, exhaust it. 17.11.3, 33.3.5, 33.6.1, 48.1.4, 111.5.2, 115.3.4, 155.2.6, 161.17.1, 161.26.3/4.
Ref1:
of Fact (functions like Inch): =ja:du-gi-'- VIntrI1 to be/become finished or finished up. 60.3.6, 93.1.3, 157.12.7.
Recip:
of Fact: =ja:du-ga-nyji- VIntrI2 to finish each other off. 47.9.3.
Cf:

(Entry on page 42 of printed dictionary)

jadagag
NcNa
jungle-fowl (bird which lays many eggs at one time in large nest in ground).
Young:

(Entry on page 42 of printed dictionary)

jadaga:miri
NcAnaØ
Pacific Ridley (olive Ridley) turtle.

(Entry on page 42 of printed dictionary)

jadbaramba
NcNa
white-breasted sea-eagle (according to one speaker, esp. adult female).
Syn:
ngagangaga (more common).

(Entry on page 42 of printed dictionary)

jadugal
NcAnaØ
antelopine kangaroo, Macropusantelopinus. (uncommon)
Syn:
arjambal (common), etc.

(Entry on page 42 of printed dictionary)

jagarabadjag
NAdj
thin, skinny.

(Entry on page 42 of printed dictionary)

jaladi
NcMana
woody climbing vine with edible taproot, perhaps Cayratiatrifolia (but not seen). 64.6.1, 114.7.1.
Syn:

(Entry on page 42 of printed dictionary)

=jalalaga-
VIntrA1
(long object) to jut out (in horizontal plane). 41.11.2, 41.14.1, 41.18.4.
In cpds. takes base form =yalalaga- :
-nuga=yalalaga-
(rock) to jut out, (ghosts) to jut out (in the form of a rock). 9.11.5.
-w1unda=yalalaga-
(rocks) to jut out (over beach or sea). 19.11.2, 41.10.5.

(Entry on page 42 of printed dictionary)

-jalala=warga-
VIntrN
(See =w2arga- VIntrN).

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

jalbur!
Rf
to jump into water. 30.5.5, 34.6.2, 95.3.2/3, 100.2.3.
Related to verb =jalburda-.

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

=jalburda-
VIntrA2
Mult:
-ngara-ngu=jalburda-. 166.23.2.
Caus:
=jalburdi-jga- or =jalburda-ngi-jga-.
Syn:
=dirwu-dha-, -ngalba=walga- (see =w2alga-).

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

=jalburdi-
VTrI1
to put into water. Cf. intrans. =jalburda-.

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

jalg!
Rf
to go (swiftly) past (something), to move away (quickly), to disappear from view. 25.5.3, 28.10.5, 69.5.5, 168.2.5.
Related to verb =yaldha-.

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

=jalnga-
VTrYa
to elude (captor, pursuer), to escape from (someone). 27.7.1.

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

jalwujbuj
NAdj
name of a group of Aboriginals some distance north or northwest of the Nunggubuyu.
See discussion for Text 169.

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

-jamar
Nc/Pref
(See yamar).

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

jamba
or ja:mba
NcAnaWu
tamarind tree (introduced by Macassans), Tamarindusindicus.

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

jambarg
NAdj
true, believable. (not very common)
Fact:
=jambar-ga- VTrA1 to make (something) true.
Ref1:
of Fact: =jambar-gi-'- VIntrI1 to believe (something one is told).
Benef:
of preceding: -a-ngu=jambar-gi-'- to believe (person).
Ex:
nguna:-'-ngu=jambar-gi-'-ny 'I believe (lit., believed) you'.
Cf:
ij-gubulu (listed under ij-).

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

-jam=bawarumi-'-
VlntrI1
(See =baruma-).

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

ja:mulu
NcWara
swamp plant with edible tubers said to be almost identical to windar (Triglochinprocera), probably another form of the same sp.

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

janda
NcMana
back (esp. lower back). (Used in expressions involving avoidance behaviour). 75.2.5, 76.2.3.
As cpd. initial: see =w2anaga-.
NCder:
back (of object). 156.2.5 (maG-).
Syn:
rulbu (more common), dulburung (less common).

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

ja:ndu
NcAnaWu
smoking pipe.
Syn:

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

jangu!
Interjection
(expression shouted out in increase rituals designed to magically ensure abundance of game or other foods).
Texts 58, 59.
Fact:
=jangu-wa- VTrA1 to appeal to (ghosts, who control abundance of game and other foods) in increase ritual. (Direct object is group appealed to). 59.5.2.

(Entry on page 43 of printed dictionary)

-jang-
Nc/Pref
roots (of plant).
To be distinguished from -jang (hardened form of ya:ng).
NCder:
roots.

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

jangajanga
NcNgara
cock, rooster.

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

jangawili
NcAnaWu
a large tree sp. 53.1.1.

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

jangayi
NcAnaWu
slingshot.

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

janggal
NcAnaWu
leg.
As cpd. initial: see =ngambi-. Cf. lhuganda, manggu.

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

=janggaraga-
VTrA1
to mould into small heaps. 119.6.1rdp.

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

janggarara
NAdj
of tapered shape.

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

janggaw!
Rf
to pick up, take (in one's hand). 7.9.4, 13.32.1.
Associated with verb =ma-.
Cf:

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

janggila
or janggilu
NcAnaWu
horizontal pole or mast in Macassan ship.

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

=jaryara-
VIntrA2
to go down (esp. vertically, e.g., into hole).
In cpds. has base form =yaryara-. Cf. =dhirida-, =rararba-.
-albunguny=jaryara-
(both) to go down.
-ar=yaryara-
(water) to go down to lower level.

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

jaradadbuwa
NcAnaØ
chestnut rail (bird).
Syn:
rumurumu, rumurumuwa (less common).

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

jarag
NcNa
silver gull. (common term). Text 14 (e.g., 14.16.2).
Young:
yiningululu.
Syn:
gurumbura (esp. young).

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

jaralala
NcNgara
young water goanna (galamu).

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

jaramumu
NcNa
certain beetles.

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

jaranggay
NcAnaWu
one of the fingers of the hand (informants disagree on which).

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

jarangu
NcNgara
horse.
Syn:
yaraman. Colt: gabigabi.

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

=jarara-
VIntrA2
to move (from one place to another), to set off.
Often in punctual aspect, sometimes in series: 5.4.1(series), 10.4.2, 13.24.1, 15.10.1, 16.5.2ff., 16.6.6, 16.15.2, 20.6.6, 21.3.3, 40.7.1/2(series), 40.12.4ff.(series), 62.3.4, 161.5.5.
Exx:
of continuous aspect: 5.5.3, 18.7.1, 27.4.1/2, 41.18.1, 157.8.2.
Cf:
=ya-, =yarba-, =rulmurda-, =lalagi-'-.

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

jarg!
Rf
to stab, to pierce (with spear, knife, etc.). 13.38.2, 14.19.1, 71.24.2.
Perhaps related to verb =yarda-, but now more closely associated with =adhuga- (and sometimes =ra-).

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

jarid
NcNa
freshwater mussel.
Syn:
ma:mbal (most common term), malabangu.

(Entry on page 44 of printed dictionary)

jarmayarmaj
NAdj
long; tall. 4.5.3pred, 41.11.2.
Mult:
w1ara-ngu-jarmayarmaj. 66.1.3/4pred.
Fact:
=jarmayarmij-ga- VTrA1 to lengthen.
In cpds. takes base -yarmayarmaj :
ngar-yarmayarmaj
long, tall.
a-yarmayarmaj
long raft. (a:y)
a-bira-yarmayarma-jinyung
having a long anus (rear end). (term applied to some mud-whelk shells).

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

ja:rug
NcNgara
needle.

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

jarwariwari
NAdj
very tall. 117.1.1, 165.1.8.
Functions as emphatic of jarmayarmaj.

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

jaw!
Rf
to pick up, grab. 12.5.1, 71.12.6, 71.13.4. Cf. verb =ma-.

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

jawanngawanngal
NcNa
sugar glider ('flying squirrel').
Young:
jawininybininy.

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

jawina
NAdj
countryman (person who is related to another person through shared association with a clan estate or the like).
HumSg:
jawina-yung. 167.11.4.
Cf:

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

jawulba
or jawulba
NAdj
old (man or woman). (uncommon)
HumSg:
jawulbi-nyung. P1: ja-jawulba.
Syn:
yiwanggu, ngajiwanggu (common terms), w2ugag.

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

=jays-
VTrA1
to shout 'ja!' at someone (to shoo him away or to induce him to stop doing something). 99.1.2.

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

jayawuru
NcWara
young blue-tongued lizard (lirag).

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

-ji-
Pref
See =baruma-, =bara-, =na- 'to see'.

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

jibidig
NcAnaØ
finch sp.

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

ji:bug
NAdj
nearby, close together.
Fact:
=ji:bu-ga- VTrA1 to bring close together. 47.12.2, 120.2.2.
-wal-ngu=ji:bu-ga-
to put (someone's) legs close together.
a-ngu-ji:bug
narrow. (Initial possibly -aG- 'ground'.)

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

jidbiliri
NcAnaØ
adult male agile (sandy) wallaby (ngargu). 95.10.5.
Syn:

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

jidilmarangga
NcAnaWu
(See didilmarangga).

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

jigama
1
NcAnaWu
a ray sp.
2
NcAnaWu
freshwater shark (whaler shark).
Syn:
wujinma (sense 2 only).
Young:

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

-jigi-yigi-j
Nc/Pref
(See -yigi-yigi-j).

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

jij!
none
(plopping sound) 132.4.1.

(Entry on page 45 of printed dictionary)

ji:ji
1
NcAnaWu
wound, external injury, sore, cut. 28.10.7, 71.15.3, 71.24.3/4, 128.1.3, 131.3.1, 132.6.1, 133.4.1.
2
NAdj
having a wound or other external injury. 55.11.lpred.
w1ara-ngu-ji:ji
NAdj (more common than ji:ji as NAdj) having a wound or wounds. 28.7.1, 18.8.1, 43.10.5, 139.6.1.
Cf:

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

=jiji-bu-
VTrMa1
to conceal (something).
Ref1:
=jiji-bi-'- VIntrI1 to hide (oneself), to be/become concealed.
Syn:
=binima-, =binima-ja-. Cf. =juluba-, =julubi-'-.

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

=jima-
VIntrA1
to fart, break wind. 16.13.5.

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

jimindi
NcAnaWu
metal spike of dugong/turtle. harpoon (radhar). 166.10.3, 166.12.5, 166.29.3.
Older equivalent: mirin.

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

jimuga
NcAnaWu
paperbark dwelling formerly made by Macassans. 167.5.4.

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

-jimung-
Pref
Form taken by next entry, below, as cpd. initial.

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

jimunggumunggu
NcAnaWu
strong, heavy-duty paperbark container (coolamon).
As cpd. initial: cf. -jimung- in cpd. with =w1aba-.
Usual term for coolamon: lhabara.

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

-jinag
Nc/Pref
(See yinag).

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

jindijindi
NcMana
coastal tree similar to hibiscus whose wood is used for spear shafts, Thespesiapopulnea.
Syn:

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

=jinggibadha-
(Eng. 'think about' via creole)
VIntrA2
to think things over, to reflect. 7.11.2.

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

jinggulili
NcMana
conkerberry (shrub with edible berries), Carissalanceolata. 98.10.5.

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

-jir-
Nc/Pref
fur, body hair (rarely) feathers.
As cpd. initial: see =w2anyja- 'to uproot', =na- 'to burn', =yi-wu-.
NCder:
unmarked form (an-)u-ngu-jir NcAnaWu. 92.4.2, 95.5.2 (both exx. have ngariG-).
ngul-ngu-jir
NcAnaWu pubic hair.
Syn:
rijamara 'pubic hair' (more common).
Cf:
mu:ng 'head hair', lhabag 'feather'. Related to =jir-wu-.

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

jirgij
jirigij, or jirigig
NcAnaØ
quail, esp. brown quail.

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

jirijirig
NcNgara
shrub with fleshy red fruits, Drypetesaustralasica. 114.8.3.

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

=jir-wu-
VTrMa1
to scorch or singe (skin, fur). 99.4.2.
Syn:
=yi-wu- (has broader sense).
Contains -jir-.

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

=jira-
VTrA2
to throw spear(s) at (someone). (uncommon). 69.7.5.
Syn:
=ra- (common), etc.

(Entry on page 46 of printed dictionary)

=jirarja-
VIntrA2
(wind) to blow strongly. 63.4.4, 98.9.3, 167.1.3.
Cf:
=w2ayama-. Opposite: =da:dhi- and synonyms.

(Entry on page 47 of printed dictionary)

jirbirin
NAdj
last-born (child); small finger, pinky.
HumSg:
jirbirin-jung.
Cf:
mala:mar, etc.

(Entry on page 47 of printed dictionary)

jirgulugulu
NcAnaØ
young egret (mara:lag).
Syn:

(Entry on page 47 of printed dictionary)

jiri!
Interjection
Go on! Do it!
Cf:

(Entry on page 47 of printed dictionary)

jirididi
NcAnaØ
kingfisher (bird).
The local sp. is the forest kingfisher.

(Entry on page 47 of printed dictionary)

jirigay
NAdj
songman (ritual leader) of yirija moiety in madayin ritual.

(Entry on page 47 of printed dictionary)

jirigilil
NcAnaØ
young root corm of water lily.
More general term: wudan.

(Entry on page 47 of printed dictionary)

jirijbanyjawanyjangaj
1
NcAnaØ
piss beetle (beetle which emits foul-smelling liquid when disturbed).
2
NcAnaWu
cheeky grass (any grass or similar plant which irritates the skin of persons walking through it, usually by its seeds rather than blades).
Etym:
appears to be *jirij- (otherwise unattested, meaning unclear) plus *-wanyja-wanyja-nga-j, an adjectival derivative of verb =w2anyja- 'to emit smell'). For the construction cf. dhagarijgaba:banyjuj.

(Entry on page 47 of printed dictionary)

jirijiri
NcAnaØ
cricket.
Cf:

(Entry on page 47 of printed dictionary)

jirijiringalg
NcWara
(See next entry, below).

(Entry on page 47 of printed dictionary)

jiringaljiringalg
jirijiringalg, or (rarely) jiringalngalg
NcWara
wren.
Cf:
jirimijirimi.

(Entry on page 47 of printed dictionary)

=jiriraga-
VTrA1
to push or raise up, to hoist. (Direct object most commonly 'sail').
Ex:
wiringa=jiriraga-ny 'They hoisted it (sail)' (i.e., 'They set sail').
For cpd. form =yiriraga- see discussion of =jiririjga-, below.

(Entry on page 47 of printed dictionary)

=jiririjga-
or =jiririga-
VTrA1
to make a long line in something (e.g., water making a long channel such as a gutter).
In cpds. takes base form =yiriri(j)ga-, occasionally =yiriraga-by confusion with =jiriraga-, above:
-janda=yiririjga-
to cut (carcass).down the back.
-w1uri=jiririjga-
or -w1uri=jiriraga- to cut down front or belly. 95.8.1. (w1urij)
-malany=jiririga-
to cut along the fins. 111.4.7.

(Entry on page 47 of printed dictionary)

jirwad
NcMana
string worn around neck by widow or other mourner.

(Entry on page 48 of printed dictionary)

=jiryira-
VIntrA2
(liquid) to drip, leak; (rainwater) to flow along ground in little trickles.
In cpds. takes base =yiryira- :
-malaga=jiryira-
(honey) to drip. 142.5.7. (-malagaj-)
-w2ulany=jiryira-
(blood) to drip. 1.1.2rdp. (w2ulang)
Syn:

(Entry on page 48 of printed dictionary)

=jiwalawaluga-
VTrA1
to lead (someone) around in circles. 162.11.2.
May contain prefix -ji-.

(Entry on page 48 of printed dictionary)

-ji=warumi-'-
VIntrI1
(See =baruma-).

(Entry on page 48 of printed dictionary)

-ji=wara-
VIntrNga1
(See =bara-).

(Entry on page 48 of printed dictionary)

-jiwuru
Nc/Pref
(See -yiwuru-).

(Entry on page 48 of printed dictionary)

jubami
or jubam
NcAnaWu
one of the fingers (applied by some speakers to index finger, but other speakers disagree).

(Entry on page 48 of printed dictionary)

juj!
or juy!
Rf
to go. juj!: 9.6.1, 71.23.1. juy!: 9.7.5, 20.15.1, 166.27.1. Combination nga juy! indicating distance from a particular place: 119.7.5, 120.1.4, 166.8.2.
Cf:
also jujuj!.

(Entry on page 48 of printed dictionary)

jujuj!
Interjection
(indicates great distance between two reference points, often used in context of traveling). 1.4.5, 114.5.2, 144.1.5, 144.4.4, 168.2.2, 168.9.7.
Probably related to juj!.

(Entry on page 48 of printed dictionary)

=jujurgi-
or =jurjurgi-
VTrI1
to push or drive (e.g., fish) forward. 18.4.4, 18.6.6, 18.8.7, 110.2.3, 110.2.5rdp.
Rdp:
-jur=jurjurgi- or -ju=jujurgi-.
Variant:
see =dudhurgi-.
Possible attestation of irregular Recip. form =jurjurga-nyjiin 5.9.3 (unclear on tape).
Cf:
Rf:

(Entry on page 48 of printed dictionary)

=jujuwayadha-
VTrA2
to swear at (someone).
Cf:
=ra-, lhagula-malang (s.v. mamalang).

(Entry on page 48 of printed dictionary)

julub!
Rf
to jump in, to duck into (something, esp. to hide). 10.5.4, 15.9.5, 20.16.5, 34.4.2, 37.4.5, 37.6.4, 43.15.5, 95.3.4.
Related to verb =juluba-.

(Entry on page 48 of printed dictionary)

=juluba-
VTrA1
to put (something) in or behind (something else, usually to hide it). 7.12.2, 13.19.3, 13.20.4.
Direct object is thing put in.
Mult:
-w1ara-ngu=juluba-. 13.19.3.
Benef:
-a-ngu=juluba- or -wa:-ngu=juluba-. 7.11.2.
Ref1:
=julubi-'- VIntrI1 to jump in, to duck in or behind (something, to hide). 3.4.5, 5.5.2, 15.9.4, 16.12.3/4, 34.4.5, 71.9.2/3, 104.3.4.
Mult:
of Ref1: -ngara-ngu=julubi-'-. 65.9.5/6.

(Entry on page 48 of printed dictionary)

julurbi
NcWara
Burnett salmon, Polydactylussheridani. 59.8.3.
Syn:

(Entry on page 49 of printed dictionary)

juluwu
NcAnaWu
straw-necked ibis.

(Entry on page 49 of printed dictionary)

junggayi
NAdj
ritual manager (person, usually adult male, in his capacity as supervisor or watchdog over the rituals and property--totems and land--of his mother's clan; includes specific duties such as painting totemic body designs and punishing negligence or sacrilege in ritual matters).
HumSg:
junggayi-nyung. 49.1.2ff. P1: ju-junggayi (rdp. often omitted). 89.1.8.
Cf:
nigararij, bunggawa, lhal-abal (s.v. abal).

(Entry on page 49 of printed dictionary)

ju:nggi
NcAnaWu
thumb. (uncommon word)

(Entry on page 49 of printed dictionary)

=jura-
VTrA2
to push, shove, drive ahead. 12.8.4rdp, 162.8.2, 162.10.2, 163.5.2.
-gari-ngu=jura-
to push (from) behind.
-adu-ngu=jura-
to push spear into (person). 13.39.1.
Should be distinguished from =yura- (hardened form =yura-).
Syn:
=ju(r)jurgi-.

(Entry on page 49 of printed dictionary)

ju:ri
NcAnaWu
sharp wire (metal rod) used as a lethal weapon. 71.25.3.

(Entry on page 49 of printed dictionary)

jurijiji
or jurij
NcAnaØ
certain small birds such as the restless flycatcher.
Variant:
Young:

(Entry on page 49 of printed dictionary)

jurg!
Rf
to push or drive ahead. 5.9.2.
Related to verb =ju(r)jurgi-.

(Entry on page 49 of printed dictionary)

jurgubadu
NcWara
goanna sp. found south of Nunggubuyu country, said to be common in Barkly Tablelands, probably Varanusspenceri.

(Entry on page 49 of printed dictionary)

jurguldumbul
NcMana
adult female bandicoot (wangurag).

(Entry on page 49 of printed dictionary)

=jurjurgi-
none
and =jurjurga-nyji- (See =jujurgi-).

(Entry on page 49 of printed dictionary)

juy!
Rf
(See juj!).

(Entry on page 49 of printed dictionary)