ng

=n^ga-

VTr

(For =n^ga-n^g see =n^gu-).

(Entry on page 128 of printed dictionary)

n^ga

Particle

and; (so) then.

Discussed in Grammar.

(Entry on page 128 of printed dictionary)

n^gabann^ga

NcN^gara

short cut-leaf palm, Ptychospermaelegans. 117.5.1, 117.6.3.

(Entry on page 128 of printed dictionary)

n^ga:ban^g!

Interjection

come on! (urging child to come, e.g.).

(Entry on page 128 of printed dictionary)

n^gabara-

VTrA2

to cut (esp., person or animal), to wound by cutting. 104.4.2.

Cf:

=w₁uldha-, =balhu-, =a:yu-.

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

n^gabarn^gabar

NcNa

clam sp. found in rivers or mangroves, said to be somewhat larger than walgurg.

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

=n^ga:budha-

VIntrN^gal

(water, sea) to be rough or choppy.

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

n^gadhada

NcN^gara

baby dugong (n^garugalij).

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

n^gadhin^ga:n^ggu

NcWara

cowry shell. (Word known to certain speakers only).

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

n^ga:dhiyarin^ya

or n^ga:dhiwarin^ya

NcN^gara

a tree sp. occasionally used to make dugout canoes.

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

n^gadhu

NcMana

cycad (burrawong) tree, Cycas ?media. 29.5.3, 29.8.2, 113.10.6ff., Texts 115 and 116.

The cycad found in Nunggubuyu country is probably the same one found farther north and around Darwin; there is a slightly different species on Groote Eylandt and another farther south. Cf. bagaraag, a:r.

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

n^gadhunun^ggarbu

NcN^gara

adult male dugong (n^garugalij).

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

=n^gada-

(or =n^ga:da- ?)

VIntrA2

(dog) to bark or yelp. 162.6.4, 162.8.1.

Cf:

landhurg, =n^gara-.

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

=n^gadada-

VIntrA2

(For -lan=n^gadada- see =adada-).

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

n^gadan^gadag

NcAnaWu

internal bodily organ, probably the spleen. 95.6.2.

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

-n^gad-

Nc/Pref

NCder:

Nc sacred objects (especially those set aside for the elders in the madayin or ru:l ritual).

Cf:

gudugudu, mann^gulg.

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

n^gadan

NcMana

witchetty grub (especially cossid moth larva).

Cf:

ran^ganbar.

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

=n^gadba-

VIntrA2

to be out of sight (over the horizon); to be almost out of sight, to be just visible (on the horizon).

-lhal=n^gadba-

(country) to be out of sight.

Internal rdp. of preceding: -lhal-n^gadba=n^gadba-.

Ex:

wu-lhal-n^gadba=n^gadbi:-' 'The country is out of sight, beyond seeing range'.

-ragar=n^gadba-

(same gloss as =n^gadba-).

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

n^gadugu

NcMana

rope, especially the thick rope attached to spike (a:l) of dugong/turtle harpoon (radhar). 4.3.2ff., 5.10.5, 30.2.2, 71.17.2, 151.3.2, 166.10.3, 167.20.4.

NCder:

-n^gadugu. 122.2.5/6 (Ana class).

nu-n^gdugu

NcMana (thin) fishline. Occurs with unusual rdp, as nun^gu-nu-n^gadugu 152.2.5/6.

Cf:

mabur. For verbal derivative see following entry.

(Entry on page 129 of printed dictionary)

=n^gadugumbi-

VIntrI1

to fish (with hook and line). 15.1.3, 15.5.2, 15.5.3rdp, 16.1.1, 16.8.8rdp, 47.19.4, 105.3.1, 166.14.2.

Unusual derivative of n^gadugu.

Cf:

bigan^gi, =lalalha-.

(Entry on page 130 of printed dictionary)

n^gagan^gaga

NcNa

white-breasted sea-eagle.

Syn:

jadbaramba (less common; for some speakers, female only).

Young:

n^gawurun^gawuru.

(Entry on page 130 of printed dictionary)

n^gagara

NcAnaWu

bone. 32.3.3, 39.1.5, 53.2.3, 64.1.4, 136.1.3, 137.1.3.

As cpd. initial: see =mun^ymulha-, =na- 'to see', =rabi-jga- (s.v. =rabi-), =raga-, =w₁aba-, =w₂ada-, =w₂agiwa-, =w₂alga-, =yabi-'- (s.v. =yaba-): (See also following entry, below.)

NCder:

Nc bones (of particular object), bone-like part (e.g., hard seed inside fruit of lhirina tree). In form (an-)u-n^gagara NcAnaWu can also mean 'clear sky' (cf. Inch form below).

HumSg:

ni-n^gagara-yun^g (bones or skeleton of man). 51.4.4.

n^gari-n^gagara-yun^g

(of woman). Pl: un^gu:-'-n^gagara. 53.2.3.

Inch:

=n^gagara-ma- VIntrA1 (sky) to clear up.

Ex:

an^ggu=n^gagara-ma-n^g an-u-n^gagara 'The sky will become clear'.

Cf:

following (homophonous) entry, -manabun-, ajulu, -mala- 'sky'.

(Entry on page 130 of printed dictionary)

-n^gagara-

Pref

Occurs as meaningless dummy cpd. initial (in the absence of a more concrete nominal cpd. initial) in cpd. NAdj forms meaning 'huge': see -yiriwu, w₂ugag.

Perhaps etymologically identical to the much more common form n^gagara 'bone' (also used as cpd. initial), preceding entry.

(Entry on page 130 of printed dictionary)

n^ga:guruwul

NcMana

great-billed heron (for one informant, adult male only).

Cf:

wurululug.

(Entry on page 130 of printed dictionary)

-n^gaj

Nc/Pref

(solid) fat.

NCder:

-n^gaj, attested as (an-)u-n^gaj NcAnaø 106.2.4, 106.3.1ff., 109.3.6; as ni-n^gaj NcNa (fat of green turtle, n^gala:ligi).

As cpd. initial: see =ma- 'to pick up, get'.

Note that the Mana class form ma-n^gaj, the most common (unmarked) form as Nc, tends to be reanalysed as an unsegmentable unit (see separate listing).

(Entry on page 130 of printed dictionary)

n^gaja:lhuwa

NcN^gara

(See n^gajiwalhuwa).

(Entry on page 130 of printed dictionary)

n^gajal

NcAnaWu

(water) spring. 22.2.3.

(Entry on page 130 of printed dictionary)

n^gajiwalhuwa

n^gajiyalhuwa, or n^gaja:lhuwa

NcN^gara

trevally fish, Caranx spp. (appears to include C. bucculentus, C. ignobilis, etc.).

(Entry on page 130 of printed dictionary)

n^gajiwan^ggu

or (less often) n^gajiyan^ggu

NAdj

old (woman).

HumSg:

n^gajiwan^ggu-n^yun^g. Pl: usually n^gaja-n^gajiwan^ggu 50.7.2, 157.9.6, 157.11.2, rarely mai^y-n^gajiwan^ggu. Du: n^gajiwan^ggu-wa:. 13.7.4, 13.23.2. Irregular derivative of yiwan^ggu.

(Entry on page 130 of printed dictionary)

n^ga:llhug!

Particle

really?.

(Entry on page 131 of printed dictionary)

n^galhuwa

NcN^gara

hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelysimbricata (has large, parrotlike 'beak'

Syn:

garuba.

NcN^gara

a fly. sp. (uncommon sense).

(Entry on page 131 of printed dictionary)

n^ga:l

NcAnaWu

slimy substance (saliva, decaying jellyfish carcass on beach, etc.).

As cpd. initial: see =w₂an^yja-, =w₂argu-.

NC_der-n^ga:l.

(Entry on page 131 of printed dictionary)

=n^gala-

VIntrN^gal

Attested in cpd. -raman=n^gala- to have raman (painted emu down and feathers) on one's body. 39.1.2.

Phonologically, the root could be taken as =n^gala- or as =ala- with n^g added by phonological rule; in the latter case a formal identification with -mun=gala- (see =w₁ala-) is conceivable (though still problematic).

(Entry on page 131 of printed dictionary)

-n^gala:di

NAdj

(A surface form of ala:di).

(Entry on page 131 of printed dictionary)

=n^gala:ga-

VIntrN

to wade, to walk in water. 108.6.1.

Cf:

=lu:lha-, =lalalha-.

(Entry on page 131 of printed dictionary)

n^galaji

NcAnaWu

freshwater long-tom fish, Strongylurakreffti.

Syn:

mada (more common, even though this also means 'grass').

(Entry on page 131 of printed dictionary)

n^ga:lal

NcWara

frog, toad (all species).

Syn:

dhabararag, n^ga:n^ggu.

(Entry on page 131 of printed dictionary)

n^gala:ligi

NcNa

green turtle, Cheloniamidas (by far the most salient marine turtle). 14.6.3, 14.10.2, 64.8.1, 18.6.1/2, Texts 19 and 42, 166.10.1.

Stages:

n^gulguru, rujuru, ramba:ri. Cf. wugalij, =n^gurga-.

Other turtles: n^galhuwa, gariwa, jadaga:miri, nibun^ga:yu(n^g), and synonyms. Tortoises: dalma:ran^g, etc.

(Entry on page 131 of printed dictionary)

n^galan^gga

NcNa

river red gum, Eucalyptuscamaldulensis.

Possibly extended to a few other similar gums.

n^galba NcAnaWu body of water (billabong, large river). 58.3.1.

Less common than more precise terms like wurugu, ala.

Common as frozen cpd. initial with =w₂alga- (q.v.).

(Entry on page 131 of printed dictionary)

n^galbalan^g

or albalan^g

NcAna(Adv)

quick(ly), immediate(ly), in a hurry. 10.12.1, 40.14.3, 111.5.2pred, 111.5.2/3, 45.10.7.

Ex:

n^galbalan^g ba=ya:-ri: 'Go quickly!'

Cf:

n^gulun^gulug.

(Entry on page 131 of printed dictionary)

n^galgi

NcAnaWu

nut of pandanus tree (maguj), especially when ripe and edible.

Cf:

manag, nigula:nja, maguj.

(Entry on page 131 of printed dictionary)

n^gali-j

pair of persons related as uncle (MoBr) and nephew or niece to each other.

Dyadic form related to bibi 'MoBr' and marig 'SiCh'.

Pl:

min^y-n^gali-j.

Etym:

cf. Ngandi nele 'mother'.

(Entry on page 131 of printed dictionary)

=n^gallha-

VIntrA2

to be stuck or embedded in something.

Syn:

=w₁addha-, =w₁adgaddha-, =yululba-.

(Entry on page 132 of printed dictionary)

n^galmi

NAdj

of the N^galmi clan. 68.2.6, 68.3.1.

P1:

n^galma-n^galmi. 62.1.5.

Note:

the Nunggubuyu-speaking N^galmi clan can also be designated nun^g-garan^gari (Gentilic nuN- plus place n. garan^gari) to ensure that the reference is limited to them and not taken in an extended (semimoiety-type) sense. There is also a formerly Warndarang-speaking clan centred at the place wanmari called by the Nunggubuyu the n^galmi-yarayara clan and associated ritually with the N^galmi.

(Entry on page 132 of printed dictionary)

n^galn^g-

Nc/Prec

spike (hook) on woomera (wandag).

As cpd. initial: see =lharba-, =yaba-.

NCder:

most common form ni-n^galn^gNcNa.

Occasionally -n^galn^g occurs in the NC_der form as a variant of -n^ga:l 'slimy substance' (q.v.).

(Entry on page 132 of printed dictionary)

=n^galn^gala-

VIntrA2

to be white or shiny (said mainly of objects rather than light sources). 119.2.2, 119.4.1, 167.18.4.

-lhan^gan^y=n^galn^gala-

(guts, entrails) to shine. 1.8.6. (-lhan^gaj-)

-man=n^galn^gala-

to have one's foot shining. 17.8.2.

-yina=n^galn^gala-

to have one's head shining. 27.5.3.

NAdj form: see next entry and rulbu-n^galn^galu.

Opposite:

=duma- (cf. =muda-). Near-synonyms: =w₂ulululha- (brighter colours, e.g., or ripe fruits), =nagi-, =milha-, bulbar.

(Entry on page 132 of printed dictionary)

n^gal-n^galn^gala-j

NAdj

white, shiny, gleaming.

magula-n^gal-n^galn^galu-j

having white or shiny skin.

Derived from verb =n^galn^gala-. Cf. rulbu-nl^galn^galu.

(Entry on page 132 of printed dictionary)

-n^galn^y=jaba-

or -n^galn=jaba-

VIntrA1

(See yaba-).

(Entry on page 132 of printed dictionary)

-n^gal=wargu-

VTrRa

(See =w₂argu-).

(Entry on page 132 of printed dictionary)

n^galyurwa

NcAnaØ

one of the local Trigona (native honey bee) spp. 114.11.3, 142.1.4, 142.6.1, 143.2.3, 143.3.3. Cf. lagu.

(Entry on page 132 of printed dictionary)

-n^gal-

Pref

tree, branch of tree. (uncommon).

Only as cpd. initial: see =w₂agiwa-, -w₂ara=ra- (s.v. =ra-).

(Entry on page 132 of printed dictionary)

n^gala:ja

NcAnaØ

stick insect or large mantis (often thought to be a kind of ghost, badirin^ya). 43.1.5.

(Entry on page 132 of printed dictionary)

n^galan^yji

NcN^gara

half-grown female dugong (n^garugalij).

NAdj

(human) girl (especially before puberty).

HumSg:

n^galan^yji-n^yun^g. 28.5.5, 28.7.2, 44.1.2.

P1:

usually n^gala-n^galan^yji 47.7.6, 47.20.3, 120.2.2; less often min^y-n^galan^yji.

For a similar case of dugong/human relationship see aragu and nun^g-garagu.

(Entry on page 132 of printed dictionary)

n^galaran^yn^galaraj

NcAnaWu

young taipan snake (wuwargu).

(Entry on page 132 of printed dictionary)

n^galgurg

NcWara

nankeen night-heron (according to one speaker, female only).

Syn:

gandawadjirig.

(Entry on page 133 of printed dictionary)

n^ga:lig

or n^ga:lij

NcAnaWu

plant with edible berries covered with small spines, undoubtedly a species of Solanum. 3.3.5, 5.4.3, 98.10.3, 157.7.5.

Similar species: wurun^galijun^g.

(Entry on page 133 of printed dictionary)

n^galindi

NcNa

moon. (fairly uncommon word) Text 34.

Syn:

labama (common).

(Entry on page 133 of printed dictionary)

n^galun^galug

NcMana

lizard with long tail, apparently a large form of the two-lined dragon, Diporiphorabilineata.

Cf:

dhalmun^ggururug. Syn: gangulugulu.

(Entry on page 133 of printed dictionary)

-n^gal=wagiwa-

VTrA1

(See =w₂agiwa-).

(Entry on page 133 of printed dictionary)

n^gam!

to eat. 114.4.6(series), 114.7.4(series).

Cf:

=n^gu-.

(Entry on page 133 of printed dictionary)

=n^gama-

VIntrA1

to swim. 25.3.3, 25.5.5, 25.6.1, 26.1.3, 16.2.1rdp.

Comit:

-an^yji=n^gama-. 25.4.1, 25.6.2rdp.

-man=n^gama-

(group) to swim. 33.4.4.

Cf:

=n^gambi-, =jalburda-, -n^galba=walga- (s.v. =w₂alga-).

(Entry on page 133 of printed dictionary)

n^gambara

NAdj

adult, grown-up; elder (respected adult, usually at least middle-aged); ancestors (elders of the previous generation, now dead. 65.11.6pred.

HumSg:

n^gambari-n^yun^g (MSg) 43.9.3, 65.1.2.

P1:

min^y-n^gambara 7.21.1, 28.16.1, 41.4.3, 42.1.2, etc., rarely n^gamba-n^gambara. Du: n^gambara-wa:. 17.8.7.

All semantically feminine forms based on stem n^gari-n^gambara 157.6.2pred, hence also HumSg n^gari-n^gambari-n^yun^g, P1 min^y-n^gari-n^gambara 120.2.3.

Inch:

=n^gambara-ma- VIntrA1 to grow up, become adult (man). 74.2.3. Feminine: -n^gari=n^gambara-ma- to become adult (woman). 74.2.1.

(Entry on page 133 of printed dictionary)

=n^gambi-

VIntrI2

to bathe, 'bogey', take a shower, become immersed in water; to drown. 1.1.1rdp, 2.2.4, 13.33.2/3, 34.4.1/3, 95.3.3/4, 139.4.2, 139.5.2, 163.25.2rdp, 167.6.3, 167.17.1/3.

Mult:

-w₁ara=n^gambi- to all bathe. 95.3.4 (emus).

Caus:

=n^gambi-jga- VTrA1 to immerse (something, someone). 100.2.3ff., 132.6.5, 132.7.2, 143.6.5.

jan^ggal=n^gambi-

to have one's leg underwater. 1.2.4.

-n^gunin^y=n^gambi-

(fish spear, wingil) to be embedded (in sand) up to point where its prongs separate (its 'groin', -n^gul). 12.8.5.

Cf:

-n^gama-, =lhalwulha-.

(Entry on page 133 of printed dictionary)

n^gambudan^ga

NcN^gara

recently full-grown female dugong (n^garugalij)

who has not yet borne offspring.

Cf:

wurijgadada.

(Entry on page 133 of printed dictionary)

=n^gamuda-

VIntrA2

Variant stem-form of =muda- (cpd. -an^ga=muda-) attested in cpd.:

-malan^ga=n^gamuda-

(sky) to get rather dark. 162.1.4.

See discussion of =muda-. Cf. also following two entries.

(Entry on page 133 of printed dictionary)

n^gamug

NAdj

or NcAnaWu dark, dim; darkness, dimness.

P1:

n^gama-n^gamug.

NCder:

darkness (of particular object). Ex: ni-n^gamug NcNa obscure, not yet visible (moon, labama).

Cf:

du-duma-j, =duma-.

For discussion of form see comments on =muda-, and cf. also =n^gamuda- and n^gamugijgaj.

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

n^gamugijgaj

NcAnaWu

very early morning (shortly before or after dawn). 5.10.1, 13.18.3, 28.4.4, 47.19.3, 55.5.1, 69.15.4, 108.5.2, 114.7.3, 162.24.1, 163.2.3, 163.23.4, 163.25.3.

Cf:

=lalma-, =magaribada-, =malga-.

Form:

related to n^gamug and =muda- (q.v.), perhaps with double pergressive *-gaj-gaj ending (now frozen).

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

n^ga:munu

NAdj

taciturn, silent, not talkative.

HumSg:

n^ga:munu-yun^g. P1: n^gama-n^gamunu.

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

n^gamuri

father's father, father's father's sister. 72.2.1, 72.4.2ff., 80.1.3.

Probably a recent intrusion from creole, ultimately from Warndarang. Original Nunggubuyu form: see mu:ri.

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

-n^gaN-

Pref

breast(?). See cpd. with =w₁uldha-.

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

n^gana:nawalbalg

NcWara

young mudlark, peewee (guruguruwalbalg).

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

=n^gandhalgalha-

VIntrA2

to swallow (something). 16.14.5.

Hughes' dictionary gives this as VTrA2 along with a Ref1. derivative (needs checking). Syn: =lharga-.

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

n^gandi

NAdj

of the Ngandi 'tribe' (west of Nunggubuyu).

P1:

n^ganda-n^gandi. 71.1.3.

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

n^gangarig

NcMana

little corella (bird).

Distinct from n^gingirig.

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

n^ga:nig

NcWara

one of the local Trigona (native honey bee) species. 114.11.4, 142.1.4, 142.6.1, 143.3.4, 143.12.1, 162.21.3, 163.21.5/6.

Cf:

lagu.

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

n^ganiyalg

NcNa

pandanus dillybag (used to soak objects); string dillybag.

Syn:

yi:r 'string dillybag'.

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

n^ganjal

(my/our) mother's mother's brother's son, wife's mother's brother (male respect relationship). 34.5.1/2.

Dyadic form: n^ganjal-yij. 76.1.1/2. 2nd/3rd person possessor: see ra-n^ganjaj, ra-n^ganja-yun^g. Cf. also gurumbaj, gaja:li.

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

-n^gann^gad

NAdj

Attested in cpd. ya-n^gann^gad having voice far away. (ya:n^g).

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

n^gann^galha

(my/our) sister's son's wife, (woman's) son's wife, and certain other actual (or prospective, not merely potential) child-in-law relationships and the reciprocals.

Functions as a specially marked subtype of the general category gurumbaj (cf. also n^ganjal); normally at least one member of the relationship must be female.

Dyadic form: n^gann^galhi-j pair consisting of a person and his or her n^gann^galha.

For 2nd/3rd person possessor forms see ra-n^gann^garaj, ra-n^gann^gari-yun^g.

Note:

The more general terms gurumbaj and n^ganjal are commonly applied to actual or prospective children- or parents-in-law who can also be called n^gann^galha, but this latter term is ordinarily not generalised beyond a small number of persons for a given referent. Cf. also gaja:li.

(Entry on page 134 of printed dictionary)

-n^ganag-

Nc/Pref

(Variant of -n^ganarg-).

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

n^ganandharg

NcNa

crest or comb (of bird, e.g., yellow crest on nape of sulphur-crested cockatoo, raln^gar).

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

n^ganan^ganin^yji

NcAnaWu

shrub sp. in scrubby forest (uncommon term applied sporadically to one or another of the tree spp. commonly lumped together as madin^yjar).

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

-n^ganarg-

or -n^ganag-

Nc/Pref

sticky substance (such as honey or nectar).

As cpd. initial: see =yu-.

NCder:

unmarked form (an-)u-n^gana(r)g NcAnaWu or NcAnaØ sticky substance; a waxy section inside beehive (usually not eaten).

Cf:

mindil, lagu.

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

=n^ganbaldha-

VIntrA2

to be decorated (with armband, headdress, etc.).

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

=n^ganda-

VTrA2

to throw into the water.

Cf:

=lhalwulha-, =n^gambi-jga- (s.v. =n^gambi-), =barawuda-.

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

=n^gandarda-

VIntrA2

to snore. 43.11.8.

Related to following entry.

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

n^gandarg

NcAnaWu

(act of) snoring; (sound of) snoring.

Ex:

n^gawu=yan^ga-yi: ana-n^gandarg 'I hear the snoring'.

Occasionally confused by speakers with the phonologically similar -n^ganarg-.

Related to verb =n^gandarda-.

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

n^ganda

NcAnaWu

chest area of dugong.

Cf:

n^garugalij, w₁urij.

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

n^gandug

NcMana

young bustard, plains turkey (alburun^ggu).

Syn:

da:gi (Eng. loan).

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

=n^gangudhaga-

VTrA1

to boil (something). 139.4.4, 157.1.4.

Syn:

=badaraga-.

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

n^ganiyalg

NcNa

(Rare variant of n^ganiyalg).

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

n^ganji

NcWara

baler shell, Meloumbilicus. 61.2.3, 63.2.1.

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

n^ganma

NcMana

scar, welt.

Syn:

bududun, burgun. Cf. -lhan-.

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

=n^gann^gandha-

VTrA2

to eat (something) partly, to nibble at.

Cf:

=n^gu-.

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

n^ga:nug

NcAnaØ

or NcWara ghost, 'devil'. (less common than badirin^ya)

(Entry on page 135 of printed dictionary)

-n^gan^galhu

NAdj

Attested only in cpd. with -ij- (q.v.).

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

n^gan^gga

NcMana

dragonfly, damselfly. 1.5.4, 36.2.4, 36.3.3, 36.4.4, 36.5.2(NC error in last ex.).

NcMana

triton (trumpet) shell, Syrinxaruanus.

Syn (sense 2 only): ragulunju, lambag (less common terms).

NCder:

Nc burrow, hole (of animal), attested as (an-)u-n^gan^ga NcAna. 59.7.1, 97.3.3.

Cf:

gara 'hole, burrow'.

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

n^ga:n^ggu

NcWara

frog, toad (any species).

Syn:

dhabararag (most common term), n^ga:lal.

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

-n^gan^ggur

(Alternate segmentation of stem in an^g-an^ggur, cf.dyadic an^ggur-yij but P1. dyadic min^y-n^gan^ggur-yij.)

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

-n^ga:n^gguraj

-n^ga:n^ggura-yun^g

(See an^g-a:n^gguraj, an^ga:n^ggura-yun^g).

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

-n^gan^y-

Nc/Pref

(A surface form of -n^gaj-).

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

=n^gan^ybanda-

VTrA2

to like, enjoy, want. 43.17.4, 46.1.2ff., 47.3.2, 47.5.3/4, 65.5.3, 69.4.5, 100.7.3ff., 161.5.4.

Recip:

=n^gan^ybandi-n^yji- VIntrI2. 47.1.1.

-lhawu=n^gan^ybandi-n^yji-

(Recip) to want (to hear) each other's words. 47.2.4/7.

-ya=n^gan^ybandi-n^yji-

to want to hear each other. 47.6.1. (ya:n^g) Negative: =awu-ba-, =a:ndira-. Cf. w₁andha-, =w₁anmarda-.

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

=n^gan^yga-

VIntrYa

to breathe. 71.10.1/2, 17.7.5.

Caus:

=n^gan^yga-yi-jga- VTrA1.

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

n^gan^yjabal

NcMana

armpit. 12.3.1(pectoral fin of fish).

(Rare variant of an^yjabalNcAnaWu.)

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

n^gan^yjabana

NcN^gara

the more common of two recognised dolphins (porpoises), with short snout. 9.7.4, 64.8.2.

Cf:

yuluman^gani.

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

n^gan^yjawalwal

NcMana

small green fruit of Ihalgur mangrove tree, Avicenniamarina. (uncommon term, mostly songword)

Syn:

aran^yann^gu (more common).

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

=n^gan^yji-

VIntrI2

to vomit. 20.4.4, 20.15.2.

Ex:

ani=n^gan^yja-n^g 'He will vomit'. Cf. wargad.

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

=n^gan^yn^gan^yja-

VTrA2

to brandish weapon at (person, in threat).

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

=n^gara-

VIntrA2

(dog) to howl. 43.8.5ff.

Cf:

=n^gada-. Some forms confusable with those of =n^gari-.

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

-n^garag-

Pref

Attested once as cpd. initial for man^garag 'sand': see =yarawa-.

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

n^garagawan^ggan^y

type of armband. Cf. manba. Noun class unrecorded.

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

n^garalhu

NcAnaWu mud crab,

Scylla

serrata; (loosely) any crabs.

Syn:

murarbu (both terms common).

(Entry on page 136 of printed dictionary)

-n^gargu

NcAna(Adv)

how much?, how many? 125.16.4.

lhal-n^gargu

NcAna(Adv) when? (-lhain^g-)

NCder:

Nc how much?, how many?

(Entry on page 137 of printed dictionary)

n^garguran^y

or (rarely) n^gargula

NcAnaWu

shrub sp. with edible fruits like those of wun^garagaga.

(Entry on page 137 of printed dictionary)

=n^gari-

VIntrI1

to fade away, to diminish in size visually (e.g., object moving toward horizon).

Some forms are homophonous with those of =n^gara-.

(Entry on page 137 of printed dictionary)

n^garn^gar

NcWara

tumbleweed, roly-poly, Salsolakali.

(Entry on page 137 of printed dictionary)

-n^ga:r-

Nc/Pref

NCder:

long object, rod-like object.

Cf:

jarmayarmaj.

(Entry on page 137 of printed dictionary)

-n^gara

NAdj

lhawu-n^gara

NAdj talkative, blabbermouth.

(Entry on page 137 of printed dictionary)

-n^garaG-

Pref

(Variant of -n^garan-).

Homophonous with following entry in cpds.

(Entry on page 137 of printed dictionary)

-n^garag-

Nc/Pref

honey (substance, including honeycomb).

Cf:

lagu (more general term for honey, honey bees, hives).

NCder:

unmarked form (an-)u-n^garag NcAnaØ. 142.5.2.

Related to verb =n^garagi-.

(Entry on page 137 of printed dictionary)

n^ga:rag

NcAnaWu

a major adult male ritual.

Syn:

madayin, ru:l.

(Entry on page 137 of printed dictionary)

=n^garagi-

VIntrI1

to hunt for honey. 143.2.2rdp.

Appears to contain -n^garag- and the Ref1. form of Fact. -w₁a-.

Cf:

-w₂ar=na- (s.v. =na- 'to see'), lagu.

(Entry on page 137 of printed dictionary)

n^gara:ma

NcN^gara

butterfish, Scatophagusargus.

(Entry on page 137 of printed dictionary)

n^garambali

NcNa

centipede. (uncommon term)

Usually called mala, which also means 'scorpion'.

(Entry on page 137 of printed dictionary)

-n^garan-

(as Pref also -n^garaG-)

Nc/Pref

bunch, heap (of objects); all, both, group.

As cpd. initial or prefix occurs in both phonological forms as one of the major Multiple prefix forms, used principally with agentive intransitive verbs (wu:-n^gara=ja-n^ggi or wu:-n^garan=ja-n^ggi 'They all went', root =ya-). Other Mult. prefixes: -w₁ara- or -w₁araG- (common), -lhagara-, - w₁aragara-.

As cpd. initial in sense 'bunch, heap': see =dhurma-, =w₁ulguldha-.

n^garan-dhamungur

Nc short (small) heap, attested with both parts rdp. as n^gara-n^garan-dhama-lhamungur 'short heaps' 119.6.7. (The double rdp. here is regular since NAdj lhamungur is automatically reduplicated for plural.)

In sense 'bunch, heap' the form is always -n^garan- rather than -n^garaG- as cpd. initial or as Nc.

NCder:

-n^garan pile, heap, crowd. 113.3.5 (Wara class), 118.3.4/6 (Mana), 125.12.3 (Wara).

Cf:

=lhulhuwi-, =w₁aramilba:ladha-, -w₁ara-, -mandag-.

(Entry on page 137 of printed dictionary)

n^garan^gara

NAdj

going all over, spreading out all over.

ja-n^garan^gara

having roots going all over. (-jan^g-).

dumur-n^garan^gara

having broken-off branch stumps all over.

bari-yal-n^garan^gara

nomadic, restless, unable to stay in one P1ace.

(Entry on page 138 of printed dictionary)

=n^garan^garalha-

VIntrA2

(water, sea) to be rough or choppy.

-lhagal=n^garan^garalha-

(sea) to be rough. (Subject is lhagayag.)

-ar=n^garan^garalha-

(water) to be rough. (Subject usually gu:gu).

-dumur=n^garan^garalha-

(tree) to have jagged broken-off branches.

Probably related to NAdj n^garan^gara despite some semantic divergence.

(Entry on page 138 of printed dictionary)

=n^garaya-

VIntrA2

(fish) to swarm around in water (in a school); (water) to swirl around.

(Entry on page 138 of printed dictionary)

n^ga:raran^g

NcAnaWu

a tree sp. whose fruits can be eaten raw. 98.8.1.

(Entry on page 138 of printed dictionary)

=n^garaya-

VTrA2

to conceal (person), shield (person from attacker).

Ex:

banu=n^garaya-n^g! 'Shield him!'.

-ran^ggal=n^garaya-

(Intr !) to avert one's gaze, to shield one's forehead (so as not to engage mother-in-law or other respect relation in direct eye contact). 75.2.1.

Benef:

-a-dan^ggal=n^garaya-. 75.2.1.

Recip:

of Benef: -a-dan^ggal=n^garayi-n^yji-. 76.2.3.

Cf:

gurumbaj, gaja:li. Related to =w₂ann^garayi-.

(Entry on page 138 of printed dictionary)

=n^gar-bu-

VTrMa1

to spear (animal, person) with certain types of pronged spears (wingil, walgay, dhudabada). 70.3.5, 104.3.1/6.

Cf:

=ra- (more general term).

(Entry on page 138 of printed dictionary)

=n^gardha-

VlntrN^ga1

to be high, to be raised up. (fairly uncommon) -nuga=n^gardha- stone) to be raised up, elongated upwards.

Ex:

ma-nuga=n^gardha:-' 'The stone is raised up'.

NAdj derivative: see n^gardha-n^gardha-n^ga-j.

Cf:

=w₂ida-, =adada-, =lalagi-'-, arwar, =gujguji-, =w₂udha-.

(Entry on page 138 of printed dictionary)

n^gardhan^gara

NcN^gara

thread; wool.

(Entry on page 138 of printed dictionary)

n^gardha-n^gardha-n^ga-j

NAdj

raised, high up.

bira-n^gardha-n^gardha-n^ga-j

having raised tail (rear end). (said of centipedes to distinguish them from scorpions, both called mala)

Derived from verb =n^gardha-.

(Entry on page 138 of printed dictionary)

=n^garda-

VIntrA2

(knife, spear, harpoon, etc.) to come out or be pried loose from object in which they were embedded. 104.4.2. Caus: =n^gardi-jga-VTrA1 to pull out or pry loose (knife, etc.).

Possible etymological connection to =n^gargiwa-.

(Entry on page 138 of printed dictionary)

-n^garg-

Nc/Pref

shore; river bank.

NCder:

unmarked form (an-)u-n^garg or (ana-)wu-n^garg NcAnaWu. 25.6.3/4.

Cf:

adadin, dhagala:lij.

(Entry on page 138 of printed dictionary)

=n^garga-

VTrA1

to win (big, e.g., at cards); to get or win a big thing or amount.

Ex:

n^gawu=n^garga-n^y ana-radhar 'I got a big harpoon'.

In sense 'to win' usually in Mult. form:

Mult:

-w₁ara=n^garga-. Cf. =guguma-.

Ex:

n^gawu-wars=n^garga-n^y ana-wu-liba 'I won (lots of) money'.

(Entry on page 139 of printed dictionary)

n^gargabujba

NcAnaWu

a ritual said to be performed by the Rembarrnga people (some distance northwest) concerning the dreamtime figure laywan^ga.

(Entry on page 139 of printed dictionary)

n^gargan

NcAnaWu

charcoal. 170.4.3.

Traditionally used as a black pigment in painting (now replaced by solution inside flashlight batteries).

Ex:

a-n^gargan-ji: '(dark) black' (lit., 'like charcoal').

Cf:

=duma-.

(Entry on page 139 of printed dictionary)

n^garganba

or n^garganbal

NcNa

Saratoga fish, Scleropagesjardini. (uncommon term)

Syn:

warmin (common).

(Entry on page 139 of printed dictionary)

=n^gargi-

VTrI1

(A surface form of =argi-).

(Entry on page 139 of printed dictionary)

n^gargidigidi

or n^gargijba

NcMana

hook spear. (uncommon terms)

Syn:

lhalun^ggu (common term), yaguryagur, milharbira.

(Entry on page 139 of printed dictionary)

=n^gargiwa-

or (less often) =n^gargiya-

VTrA1

to pull out or off, to uproot. 13.32.2, 17.8.3, 52.7.4, 71.7.2, 71.25.3, 106.2.4, 108.1.1/2rdp, 114.4.6, 121.1.3ff., 157.5.5ff., 157.5.6rdp.

Refl:

=n^gargiwi-'-. 13.40.3.

-lha=n^gargiwa-

to pull (direct object) from someone's mouth.

-lhawal=n^gargiwa-

to pull out splinter.

-mada=n^gargiwa-

to pull out grass, to uproot grass.

Possible etymological relationship either to =n^garda- or to =argi-.

(Entry on page 139 of printed dictionary)

n^gargu

NcAnaØ

agile (sandy) wallaby, Macropusagilis. 71.22.3, 95.10.5.

Sex-

and growth-stage terms: gambalala, jidbiliri, yarudu, wundan^y, mandhiran^g.

(Entry on page 139 of printed dictionary)

n^gariG-

Pref

(FSg or nonhuman N^gara class NC_der- prefix; stems listed under root. FSg kin terms with this prefix or its allomorph n^gari- are listed below)

(Entry on page 139 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-lhari

(your) sister.

Pl:

min^y-n^gari-lhari.

For 1st person possessor forms see muruyun^g (elder) and mun^yun^yun^g (younger), for 3rd person form see next entry.

(Entry on page 139 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-lhari-yun^g

(his/their) sister. 56.1.5, 73.4.3, 74.3.3, 77.1.2, 78.1.2.

Pl:

min^y-n^gari-lhari-yun^g. 77.1.4/5.

For related forms see preceding entry.

(Entry on page 139 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-laga

NcN^gara

(See la:ga).

For verb of similar shape see next entry.

(Entry on page 139 of printed dictionary)

=n^garilaga-

VTrA1

to set sail in (ship, direct object).

Ex:

wirima=n^garilaga:-' 'They set sail'. 166.1.4, 166.6.4, 167.3.1.

Cf:

barawu, mijiyan^ga, marga:lhuwa (possible direct objects); also =jiriraga-, =lhigiraga-.

For noun of similar shape see preceding entry.

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-mara-yun^g

(his/their) sister's daughter. 14.3.3, 14.5.2, 45.5.7, 78.1.1/2. P1: min^y-n^gari-mara-yun^g.

ma-n^gari-mara-yun^g

NcMana vertical stick in two-part firedrill, inserted into hole of other part (ma-bibi-yun^g, see -w₂ibi-yun^g) and revolved to generate sparks. Cf. lhuruman.

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-marig

,(your) sister's daughter.

P1:

min^y-n^gari-marig.

For 1st person possessor form see marig, for 3rd person see preceding entry. MSg counterpart: ni-marig.

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^garimarjga

NcN^gara

a snake sp. said to be able to climb trees.

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-mawaru

NcN^gara

(See -mawaru-).

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-minigi-yun^g

NAdj

(F form of minigi-yun^g, s.v. miniguya).

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-n^gambara

NAdj

(F form of n^gambara, q.v.).

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-n^yina

(your) 'auntie' (father's sister).

Pl:

min^y -n^gari-n^yina.

For 1st person possessor form see n^gawuy, for 3rd person see next entry.

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-n^yina-yun^g

(his/their) 'auntie' (father's sister). 80.2.4

P1:

min^y-n^gari-n^yina-yun^g.

Du:

n^gari-n^yina-yum-bi:yun^g. 11.1.4, 12.10.6, 17.11.6.

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^gar-irija-yun^g

(or n^gari-rija-yun^g)

NAdj

(F form of moiety term yirija-yun^g or irija-yun^g, q.v.).

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-wiyay

(your) daughter (of man), brother's daughter. P1: min^y-n^gari-wiyay.

For 1st person possessor form see n^gari-yi, for 3rd person see next entry. MSg counterpart: ni-wiyay.

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-wiya-yun^g

(his/their) daughter or brother's daughter. P1: min^y-n^gari-wiya-yun^g.

For related forms see preceding entry.

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-yama-n^yij

(dyadic) pair of sisters. M counterpart: see ni-gama-n^yij.

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-ya:mbin^yin^y

(my/our) sister's son's daughter, (woman's) son's daughter. (also sometimes 'your SiSoDa').

MSg counterpart: ni-ga:mbin^yin^y. P1: min^y-n^gari-ya:mbin^yin^y.

For 2nd/3rd person possessor see ran^g-ga:mbin^yin^y, ran^g-ga:mbin^ya-yun^g.

(Entry on page 140 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-ya:n^ggura

(my/our) sister's daughter's daughter, (woman's) daughter's daughter.

MSg counterpart: ni-ga:n^ggura.

Pl:

n^gari-ya:n^ggura-wan^g.

Syn:

ga:gula.

For 2nd/3rd person forms see an^g-a:n^gguraj, an^g-a:n^ggura-yun^g.

(Entry on page 141 of printed dictionary)

n^gari-yi

(my/our) daughter (of man), brother's daughter. 28.11.6.

Pl:

n^gari-yi-wan^g.

MSg counterpart: ni-gi.

For 2nd/3rd person possessor forms see n^gari-wiyay, n^gari-wiya-yun^g.

(Entry on page 141 of printed dictionary)

=n^garma-

VIntrA1

to laugh. 71.13.4.

-ra-n^garma=n^garma-

to smile, grin. (Based on rdp. of root)

Cf following noun form.

(Entry on page 141 of printed dictionary)

n^garma-j

NcAnaWu

laughing, laughter.

Ex:

n^gawu=yan^ga-yi: ana-n^garma-j 'I hear the laughter'.

Related to verb =n^garma-.

(Entry on page 141 of printed dictionary)

-n^garma=n^garma-

VIntrA1

(See =n^garma-).

(Entry on page 141 of printed dictionary)

n^garmuda

NcWara

plant with edible tubers.

(Most speakers say this is a less common synonym of windar, Triglochinprocera, but some say it is a slightly distinct plant, probably a variant form of the same sp.).

Cf:

windar, ja:mulu.

(Entry on page 141 of printed dictionary)

n^garmuy

NcNa

young butterfish.

Adult:

guyalira, mandara.

(Entry on page 141 of printed dictionary)

-n^garn^gar-

Pref

(See =nagi-).

(Entry on page 141 of printed dictionary)

=n^garn^garlha-

VIntrA2

to be barely visible on the horizon.

Cf:

=n^gari-.

(Entry on page 141 of printed dictionary)

-n^garn^gar=nagi-

VIntrI1

(See =nagi-).

(Entry on page 141 of printed dictionary)

n^garugalij

NcN^gara

dugong (sea-cow), a large sea mammal hunted by the Nunggubuyu with canoes and harpoons. 30.1.1, 30.2.1, Text 42 passim, 62.2.6, 64.7.11, Text 111 passim.

Terms for particular sex and growth-stage forms: n^gadhada, aragu, n^gadhunun^ggarbu, n^galan^yji, majiyan, mamar, n^gambudan^ga, majguruj, wurijgadada, gurwiji.

Some special body-part terms: murgudi, -mawaru-, n^gandi, ardha, malijba.

Cf:

wugalij, =n^gurga-.

Related irregularly in form to wugalij.

Human terms for '(uncircumcised) boy' (nun^g-garagu-n^yun^g) and 'girl' (n^galan^yji-n^yun^g) are based on the terms for the corresponding sex and growth-stage of dugongs.

(Entry on page 141 of printed dictionary)

=n^gawa-

VTrA1

to cover (something) up; to put out (fire, by covering it with sand or the like). 1.6.5.

Refl:

see next entry, listed separately.

Cf:

=dhida-, =ambamadha-, =w₁aba-, =w₂urdha-.

(Entry on page 141 of printed dictionary)

n^gawa-n^gawi-j

NcAnaWu

(See n^gawi-j).

(Entry on page 141 of printed dictionary)

=n^gawi-'-

VIntrI1

or VIntrI2 (Nonpast3 usually =n^gawa-'-n^g for future punctual, =n^gawi-'-n^y for future negative) to die; (figuratively) to be exhausted, to be 'dying' of exhaustion; to be 'dying' (of hunger, thirst, etc.); (fire) to go out. 8.4.1, 12.10.5, 15.12.1, 34.7.4, 34.7.4rdp, 40.5.2/3, 47.6.4, 47.9.3rdp, 71.32.2rdp, 163.2.1 (thirst), 163.18.1 (thirst), 170.3.2rdp. Exx. of Nonpast: =n^gawa-'-n^g71.24.4, 17.14.6, 90.1.5; =n^gawi-'-n^y71.32.3, 71.33.1.

Caus:

=n^gawi-'-jga- VTrA1 to cause to die. (uncommon)

Recip:

of preceding: =n^gawi-'-jga-n^yji- VIntrI2 to cause each other to die, to be responsible for each other's death. 47.17.5rdp.

Mult:

-lhagara=n^gawi-'-. 40.7.5, 40.11.3, 47.9.2rdp, 107.2.1 (fish), 108.8.5, 157.12.3rdp, 163.2.1.

-bari=n^gawi-'-

to be tired from walking. 47.5.5.

-dir=n^gawi-'-

or -diri=n^gawi-'- to be afraid, to be frightened. 47.1.6, 47.8.4, 47.18.1, 120.5.4 (with 'object' NP), 162.9.3, 163.15.3, 167.18.1.

Benef:

-a-n^gu-dir(i)=n^gawi-'- to be afraid or frightened of (person, thing). 47.8.5ff.

Cf:

dirgalag, lhan^ggala:lag, mindhumindhu, -w₂an=gallha- (s.v. =w₁allha-), =yama- 'to be frightened of'.

-dul=n^gawi-'-

to be fat, obese; to suffer from obesity.

-1hun=n^gawi-'-

(animal) to finally stop struggling (after being shot or struck). 112.3.3. (lhu:d)

Cf:

=gararawi-, =lhunda-.

-mu:gar=n^gawi-'-

to be (very) hungry, to be famished.

Syn:

=marya:da-, =maryala-.

-n^gunin^y=n^gawi-'-

to be sexually aroused, horny.

-ramar=n^gawi-

'- to have tender feelings, to be delighted.

Benef:

-a-damar=n^gawi-'- to be fond of, to love (someone).

Cf:

-ramar-n^gu=burg- (s.v. =bura- VIntr).

-adu=n^gawi-'-

to die (from spear wound).

-ani=n^gawi-'-

(fire, hot coals) to be dying out. 37.3.2ff. (anig)

-yal=n^gawi-'-

or -ya:l=n^gawi-'- to be/become tired. 28.4.1, 47.5.5.

-yan^y-jal=n^gawi-'-

to be tired from speaking a lot. (preceding cpd. plus ya:n^g)

Etym:

Ref1. of =n^gawa- 'to cover' (death and senility are often represented in terms of having one's brain covered up).

There are no other common terms for 'to die' (i.e., it is not necessary to use euphemisms), but cf. =ja:du-gi-'- (s.v. ja:dug).

Abstract noun: see n^gawi-j.

(Entry on page 142 of printed dictionary)

n^gawi-j

or n^gawa-n^gawi-j

NcAnaWu

(act of) dying. 34.8.6.

Derived from =n^gawi-'- (preceding entry).

(Entry on page 142 of printed dictionary)

n^gawurun^gawuru

NcNa

young white-breasted sea-eagle (n^gagan^gaga).

(Entry on page 142 of printed dictionary)

n^gawuy

(my/our) father's sister ('auntie').

P1:

n^gawuy-(w)an^g. 157.4.3.

For 2nd/3rd person possessor forms see n^gari-n^yina, n^gari-n^yina-yun^g.

Reciprocal:

ni-gi (MSg), n^gari-yi (FSg).

Dyadic:

n^gawu-yij 'FaSi and BrCh pair'. P1: min^y-n^gawu-yij.

(Entry on page 142 of printed dictionary)

n^gawu-yij

(See n^gawuy).

(Entry on page 143 of printed dictionary)

n^gayag

NcAnaWu

painting, painted design.

Cf:

anarg, wunalg, =w₂al-bu-.

(Entry on page 143 of printed dictionary)

n^gayan^g

(my/our) mother's father. (the regular term)

Syn:

bijaja, bun^ga:dhi (less common terms).

P1:

n^gayan^g-gan^g.

For 2nd/3rd person possessor forms see ran^gayan^g, ra-n^gaya-n^yun^g.

Dyadic form: n^gaya-n^yij pair consisting of a person and his or her MoFa.

Reciprocal:

yain^guya.

(Entry on page 143 of printed dictionary)

n^gaya

NAdj

widow, widower, or any close kin of dead person (especially in context of mourning period).

HumSg:

n^gaya-n^yun^g. P1: n^gaya-n^gayi. 52.6.5.

Cf:

majiyan.

(Entry on page 143 of printed dictionary)

n^ggilyirin^ggilyiri

NAdj

(See gilyirin^ggilyiri).

(Entry on page 143 of printed dictionary)

n^gguriya

or n^ggurya

NcMana

excrement, shit. 13.9.2.

Nasal heard most regularly when NC prefix is present. mana-n^gguriya. Without prefix the form may reduce to guriya.

Syn:

-gi-.

(Entry on page 143 of printed dictionary)

n^gi!

(nasalised)

Interjection

here you are! (take this).

(Entry on page 143 of printed dictionary)

n^gijan^g

Particle

again; more, farther, further.

Ex:

wa:='ri n^gijan^g ani=ya-n^ggi 'He did not go any more (any farther)'.

Further exx. and discussion in Grammar. Cf. =lhun^gudhun^gura-.

(Entry on page 143 of printed dictionary)

n^gili

or n^gilin^gili

NcAnaWu

one of the five fingers (usage inconsistent, usually applied to index finger or thumb).

Cf:

jubami.

(Entry on page 143 of printed dictionary)

n^gingirig

NcWara

young sulphur-crested cockatoo (raln^gar).

Distinct from n^gangirig.

(Entry on page 143 of printed dictionary)

n^girin^giri

NAdj

dangerous, harmful. (not very common)

As NcAnaØ can be used to designate a huge, vicious wild dog (dingo) living in the bush (probably legendary).

Cf:

wun^ggan 'dingo', maragar(i)j 'dangerous'.

(Entry on page 143 of printed dictionary)

-n^gu-

Pref

(Meaningless morpheme inserted before root beginning with stop, and in some other NC_der- prefix forms; see Grammar).

For homophonous cpd. initial -n^gu- 'guts' see entry next page.

(Entry on page 143 of printed dictionary)

n^gu-

VTr

(=n^ga-n^g, =n^gu-ni, =n^gu-yi:, =n^gi:-', etc.) to eat; to swallow, gulp down (punctual aspect). Some punctual exx. are 1.2.7, 7.8.3, 7.9.5, 16.14.4, 16.23.3, 163.21.1. Though the punctual is fairly common in these action-oriented texts, in ordinary life in unmarked contexts the continuous is commonly used; see 3.4.3rdp, 13.8.1rdp, 119.8.4, 163.21.1, etc. Benef: -a=n^gu-. 6.2.4. (with adversely affected beneficiary) Mult:w₁ara=n^gu-. 93.2.2, 98.8.6, 113.10.4, 166.24.4.

-w₁al=n^gu-

(younger speakers) or -w₁ala=n^gu- (older ones) (Intr !) to drink (object unspecified in verb). Exx. of -w₁al=n^gu- are

10:

5.2rdp, 92.2.4rdp; exx. of -w₁ala=n^gu- are 95.3.1/3, 127.2.3, 127.3.4, 128.1.4, 163.18.4, 163.24.2rdp, 167.10.3.

Ex:

ni-yala=n^gu-ni ana:-gugu 'He drank the water' ('direct object' noun present in clause but not cross-referenced in verb)

In most cpds. replaced by =w₂a- 'to bite'.

Cf:

=lharga-, =n^gandhalgalha-, =n^gann^gandha-, -w₁/w₂aradar-wu-.

Rf:

n^gam! (usually in series).

(Entry on page 143 of printed dictionary)

-n^gu-

Pref

guts, entrails.

As cpd. initial: see da:n, =yaba-, =yudbiga-.

Form n^gudan (n^gu-dan) listed separately, below.

Also used as cpd. initials are da:n and -lhan^gaj-.

Not to be confused with epenthetic prefix -n^gu- (preceding page), which occurs before roots beginning in stops.

(Entry on page 144 of printed dictionary)

n^gubaj

(my/our) husband's sister or brother's wife (sister-inlaw) and equivalent kin. (Ego must be female.)

For 2nd/3rd person possessor forms see ra-n^gujbaj, ra-n^gujba-yun^g (these are also the 2nd/3rd person forms for nin^giyargi 'brother-in-law').

(Entry on page 144 of printed dictionary)

n^gubindi

Particle

indeed, in fact. 95.2.6, 162.6.3, 162.7.3, 166.17.3.

(Context:

person or animal indeed appears or arrives after presence detected or suspected by some sign.)

Similar to yigaj, see discussion in Grammar.

(Entry on page 144 of printed dictionary)

n^gubunun^g

NcAnaWu

cloud. (common term) 7.14.3, 60.3.1.

As cpd. initial: see =rabala-.

Cf:

suppletive cpd. initial -laN-.

Syn:

arama. Cf. anbana.

Some relevant verbs: =rijbi-, =murgulma-, =n^gururuwa-.

(Entry on page 144 of printed dictionary)

n^guda

NcAnaWu

midriff (body part on sides of abdomen).

Probably a component of the snake sp. terms n^guda-lhardharg, n^guda-wulma, listed below.

(Entry on page 144 of printed dictionary)

n^guda-lhardharg

NcNa

king brown snake, Pseudechisaustralis. 2.3.3, 20.1.1, 20.7.8(dual), Text 21 passim.

As personified ancestral (dreamtime) being can take human forms: HumSg n^guda-lhardhar-jun^g. 20.8.3, 20.10.1.

Syn:

lhalara (less common). For form see n^guda and lhardharg.

(Entry on page 144 of printed dictionary)

n^gudan

(n^gu-dan)

NcMana

guts, entrails. 1.8.7, 111.6.2, 95.6.1.

Syn:

da:n.

Cpd:

initials: -n^gu-, -dan- (da:n), -lhan^gaj-.

Etym:

-n^gu- plus da:n (for initial element compare Ngandi nuk-).

(Entry on page 144 of printed dictionary)

n^guda-wulma

NcNa

young black whip snake (rabara-wulma). (Cf. n^guda).

(Entry on page 144 of printed dictionary)

-n^gudu

(See an^gudu).

(Entry on page 144 of printed dictionary)

n^gududun

NcAnaWu

one of the five fingers of the hand (usage inconsistent, sometimes the ring finger).

(Entry on page 144 of printed dictionary)

=n^guddha-

VIntrA2

to be pretty; to be well-dressed.

-w₁urin^y=n^guddha-

to be (very) happy. (w₁urij).

Cf:

w₂ilijbilij, milyir, w₁alalara-, etc.

(Entry on page 144 of printed dictionary)

n^gugu

NcMana

floodwaters (after monsoon rains). 21.4.5/7.

Cf:

gu:gu, warajara, =walagagara-.

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

-n^gujbaj

-n^gujba-yun^g

(See ra-n^gujbaj, ra-n^gujba-yun^g).

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

=n^gujbi-

VTrI1

to chase away, to frighten away. 7 20 3rdp 97.2.1.

Cf:

=lharma-, -dir(i)=n^gawi-'- (s.v. =n^gawi-'-), =n^gura-.

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

n^gujija

NcAnaØ

fish (all species including sharks and rays). 9.6.4, 9.8.1, 12.1.4, 13.21.1/2, 14.2.3, 27.5.2, 58.3.3, 59.8.2, 152.1.3, 152.2.4/5, 162.17.2. Lower-order generic terms: lan^ggalu (cf. =lan^ggala-, -w₁adji=lharma-), maln^gar, abidi.

Special body-part terms: laga, -dhanbarj-, mijbarawal,

mulugun, miyarga, wumararun^g, an^yjabal, ardha.

Hunting terms: =guda-, =n^gadugumbi-, =lalalha-, =an^galha-, =w₂aga-, =mara-.

Fish traps, etc.: maraga, magul (ma-gul), lhular, wumbuln^yin.

Relevant verbs: =w₂an^ygala-, =ridha-, =n^garara-, =rayiba- (and those listed with yin^ggulbandi).

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

-n^gulha-

Nc/Pref

blade end of spear shaft.

As cpd. initial: see =w₁alhara-, =w₁uldha-.

NCder:

unmarked form ma-n^gulha NcMana. 69.5.5/6.

Cf:

lha:n^y, larda, -w₁aran^ggay-.

Syn:

-n^gulhu-n^gulha-yij (derived from -n^gulha-).

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

-n^gulhu-n^gulha-yij

blade end of spear shaft.

NCder:

unmarked form ma-n^gulhu-n^gulha-yij.

Less common derivative of -n^gulha-.

Unusual form; for parallel see manja-manjar-yij (s.v. manjar),

n^guru-n^gura-yij,

-yigi-yiga-yij.

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

n^gu:l

NcAnaWu

groin, pubic area, genitals.

As cpd. initial: see =raya-, =w₂alarlha-, =w₂abiga-. (-n^gul-, -n^gulu-)

For n^gul-n^gu-jir see -jir-.

NCder:

'groin' of spear (especially two-pronged wooden spear, wingil, referring to point where two prongs branch off from main shaft). 13.40.2.

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

n^gulguru

NcAnaØ

young green turtle (n^gala:ligi NcNa).

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

n^guli

NcAnaWu

dew. For verb see =madhan^gulun^guliya-.

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

n^guljun

NcWara

half-grown sleepy cod fish (lhu:ru).

Very young: mu:dhun^g.

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

n^gulmarg

NcMana

dancing ground in secret madayin (ru:l) ritual.

Syn:

milba.

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

n^gul-n^gu-jir

NcAnaWu

(See -jir-).

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

n^gulu-

Pref

(Variant of -n^gul-, cpd. initial form of n^gu:1).

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

n^guluji

NcMana

blood. (uncommon word)

Syn:

w₂ulan^g. (common)

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

n^gulun^gulu=yambi-

VIntrI2

(See =yambi-).

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

-n^gulu=walarlha-

or -n^gul=walarlha-

VIntrA2

See =w₂alarlha-)

(Entry on page 145 of printed dictionary)

n^gulwad

or n^gulwan

NcAnaØ

(Variant of mawulwad).

(Entry on page 146 of printed dictionary)

-n^gulyir-

Nc/Pref

spear blade. (uncommon)

NC_der-n^gulyir.

Cf:

lha:n^y.

(Entry on page 146 of printed dictionary)

=n^gulun^gulu-bi-

VIntrI1

to be (moving) fast.

Functions as verbal form of NAdj n^gulun^gulug.

(Entry on page 146 of printed dictionary)

n^gulun^gulug

NAdj

fast, quick. 139.8.3pred.

Commonly takes predicative form.

Ex:

ba=n^gulun^gulug ba=ya:-ri: 'Go quickly!, Go fast!'.

bari-n^gulun^gulug

fast at walking.

Derived verb: see preceding entry.

Syn:

balhabalha (a little less common). Cf. -nun^y, n^galbalan^g.

(Entry on page 146 of printed dictionary)

-n^guman-

Nc/Pref

yam, taproot (edible part of root of such plants as lhawumag, ri:ja, and yan^yjug).

NCder:

attested as ni-n^guman NcNa taproot (of yan^yjug tree, q.v.). 121.3.3. In Mana class form ma-n^guman can be applied to potatoes (recently introduced food).

(Entry on page 146 of printed dictionary)

-n^gu-maran^g

(See maran^g).

(Entry on page 146 of printed dictionary)

n^gumij

NcWara

ants (various spp. lacking specific names).

Named spp.: see bambarbambar, lhalawulbulg, mararan^y, ya:g.

NCder:

scraps, pieces, little bits. 13.19.3, 120.4.5, 120.5.3, 122.3.4 (all exx. are ma-n^gumij). Cf. -lharin^y-, -w₁amuy-

There is a conceivable etymological relationship to mi:j, and the NC_der- form could conceivably be more directly related to mi:j than to n^gumij (if -n^gu- here is taken to be epenthetic -n^gu-).

(Entry on page 146 of printed dictionary)

n^gunar

NAdj

dirty; rusty, corroded.

(Entry on page 146 of printed dictionary)

n^gungu

NcAnaWu

(lower) trunk of body, lower torso. (not common).

Cf:

w₁ubulu.

(Entry on page 146 of printed dictionary)

n^gunin^y

NcAnaWu

sex, sexual activity or interest.

Not common except in cpds.: see =n^gawi-'-, =yira-, -w₁alag, =n^gambi- (in cpds. can mean 'sexual activity' or 'groin area').

Cf:

n^gu:l, wuman^guman^gu.

(Entry on page 146 of printed dictionary)

n^gunun^gunu

NcMana

bone just above buttocks.

Syn:

dhawal, bun^guran^g.

n^gunij NAdj jealous (over a woman).

HumSg:

n^guni-jun^g. P1: n^gunu-n^gunij. Cf. =margira-.

(Entry on page 146 of printed dictionary)

n^gun^g!

none

(sound of dog howling). 143.14.4.

Cf:

=n^gara-.

(Entry on page 146 of printed dictionary)

n^gun^yju

NAdj

similar; same, identical. (Often used like a particle in sense 'like' or 'so that') 1.8.6, 4.8.1, 5.19.4, 10.12.5, 10.15.6. More exx. and discussion in Grammar.

Ex:

n^gun^yju yi:-wa:yin-ji: 'like (an) emu'.

As NAdj in usual sense most often rdp n^gun^yju-n^gun^yju. 41.9.2pred,

73:

.4, 73.3.4pred, 78.1.7pred.

Fact:

=n^gun^yju-ga- VTrA1 to make (someone, something) similar or equal; to recognise, identify. 15.14.2, 15.9.3, 71.2.4.

Recip:

of preceding: =n^gun^yju-ga-n^yji- to do the same thing to each other. 69.15.2.

-a-n^gun^yju=n^gun^yji-jga-

(contains Benef. prefix and Caus. suffix) VTrA1 to recognise (someone); to compare, measure (against something similar). 2.5.2/3.

w₁anbur-n^gun^yju

similar (in appearance).

rigu-n^gun^yju-n^gun^yju

equal in death, (both) dead likewise. 17.14.5pred. (see digu)

-dhi-n^gun^yju=n^gun^yji-jga-

VTrA1 to make (them) alike.

Cf:

dhagij, guburg, an^yja:bugij.

n^gun^yju-n^gun^yju

NAdj (Included in preceding entry).

(Entry on page 146 of printed dictionary)

n^gun^yju-yadhu

Particle

so that, whereupon. (not common)

Ex:

ba=ya:-ri: ba=ma-ni, n^gun^yju-yadhu wi:='-n^y ana-nuga Go (and) get it, then I will give you the money (stones)'. Possibly related to gadhu. Cf. n^gun^yju.

(Entry on page 147 of printed dictionary)

=n^gun^ymaa-

or =n^gun^ymawa-

VTrA1

to examine (pile of objects) carefully, to count (objects). 115.5.3, 116.7.2.

-manda=n^gun^ymaa-n^yji-

(Recip) to examine each other to size each other up. 46.2.2.

Cf:

=munduwa-,=ran^gguda-

(Entry on page 147 of printed dictionary)

n^gura

NcAnaWu

fire; firewood. (very common in both senses) 13.30.1, 13.31.1, 16.19.1, 16.22.2, 17.3.6, 40.9.3(firewood), 46.1.2, 95.9.4

Applied to campfires and usually to wildfires in the bush; small brushfires set by people (e.g., in hunting kangaroos) are called wurg.

As cpd. initial replaced by -yiga- (q.v.; contrast semantically unrelated cpd. initial -n^guraG- next entry).

For rdp. derivative see n^guru-n^gura-yij, below.

Cf:

-lhaln^g-, lha:n^gag, wurg, anig, -lhaj-, -yigi-yigi-j.

Verbs related to fire: =na- 'to burn', =nagi-, =agurgan^yji-

=w₂iln^gin^yja-,

=w₂ilil-bu-, =yi-wu-, =n^gawa-, =(wl)aliwa-,

=rarwadawada-,

=w₂an-bu-, =ralma-, =w₁alima-.

(Entry on page 147 of printed dictionary)

-n^guraG-

Pref

penis.

As cpd. initial: see =w₂a- 'to bite', w₂ugag, =w₁uldha-.

Functions as cpd. initial for n^guyi.

No semantic connection to n^gura (preceding entry).

(Entry on page 147 of printed dictionary)

=n^gurbulwa-

VTrA1

(brolga bird, gudargu) to sing loudly. 7.18.4rdp.

Verb takes AnaWu class direct object marker.

(Entry on page 147 of printed dictionary)

n^gurudhu

NcAnaØ

terrestrial game animals (context usually hunting or eating; focal spp. in this sense are emu, kangaroos and wallabies, goannas, snakes, etc.). 13.10.1, 59.5.6 59.9.2, 59.10.7, 161.3.6. Contrasts in this sense with n^gujija, wugalij.

NcAnaØ

birds (general term). 65.12.2.

Inch:

-n^gurudhu-ma- VIntrA1 to become a bird or game animal (uncommon; could be said of human-like dreamtime beings who acquired their present bird or animal form after some dramatic mythical event).

NCder:

Nc chick, young bird; small end (of object). 108.3.2 (part of basket, ni-n^gu-n^gurudhu).

n^guru-n^gura-yij

NAdj firelike, fiery; smoking like a fire.

Ex:

ma=n^guru-n^gura-yij 'It (boat, barawu) is smoking like a fire.

Cf:

=bu:la-, =bandudula-, -ban-.

Derived from n^gura. For formation cf. manja-manjar-yij (s.v. manjar), -n^gulhu-n^gulha-yij.

(Entry on page 147 of printed dictionary)

=n^gura-

VTrA2

to frighten (e.g., animal) away.

Syn:

=n^gujbi-.

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)

n^guraran^g

NcMana

ghost crab.

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)

=n^gurda-

VIntrA2

to groan, moan.

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)

=n^gurga-

VIntrN

to go hunting in canoes (with harpoon, radhar) for marine turtles or dugong. 28.16.3.

Benef:

-a=n^gurga- to hunt (turtles, dugong) for (someone). 55.9.3.

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)

n^gurgada

NcMana

vine with edible root swellings, perhaps Cayratiatrifolia.

Syn:

jaladi (most common term), yiriwu.

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)

n^gurji

NcAnaØ

loose belongings (e.g., blankets). 147.1.1ff.

Syn:

ara.

NcAnaØ

a straw-like grass sp. which can be used as bedding material.

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)

=n^gurni-

VIntrI1

to look back. 8.3.2.

Syn:

=garini-.

Both forms could contain a Refl. form of =na- 'to see'.

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)

n^guru

or n^gurun^g

NcAnaØ

a shrub or woody vine in rainforest with edible fruits, Malaisiascandens. 98.7.6, 98.8.1, Text 119.

Body-part

forms: see miliba, -milbarwar-.

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)

=n^gururuwa-

VIntrA1

(thundercloud, motor, etc.) to make rumbling or roaring sound. 66.1.7, 98.6.4, 163.3.3

Cf:

=lhagarara-.

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)

n^guway

NcNa

worm.

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)

-n^gu=yaba-

VIntrA1

(See =yaba-).

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)

n^guyi

NcMana

penis.

As cpd. initial replaced by -n^guraG- (q.v.).

Distinct from =n^gu-yi: 'eat(s)' (present or future), with zero prefix Ø=n^gu-yi: 'it eats it', see =n^gu-.

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)

-n^gu=yudbiga-

VTrA1

(See =yudbiga-).

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)

n^guyuga-

VIntrA4

(animal, etc.) to be hyper-active, excited, cheeky.

(Entry on page 148 of printed dictionary)