phylogeny {languageR} | R Documentation |
Phylogenetic relations between Papuan and Oceanic languages
Description
Phylogenetic relations between Papuan and Oceanic languages: 127
grammatical traits (absent/present) for 31 languages.
Usage
data(phylogeny)
Format
A data frame with 31 observations on the following 127 variables.
Language
- a factor for 31 languages:
Anem
, Ata
,
Bali
, Banoni
, Bilua
, Buin
, Gapapaiwa
,
Kairiru
, Kaulong
, Kilivila
, Kokota
,
Kol
, Kuot
, Lavukaleve
, Mali
, Motuna
,
Nalik
, Nasioi
, Rotokas
, Roviana
,
Savosavo
, Siar
, Sisiqa
, Sudest
,
Sulka
, Taiof
, Takia
, Touo
, Tungag
,
Yabem
and Yeli_Dnye
.
Family
- a factor with levels
Oceanic
and Papuan
.
Frics
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PrenasalizedStops
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PhonDistBetweenLAndR
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PhonVelarFricOrGlide
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PhonVoicingContrAmongStops
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PhonConsLength
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PhonVowelLength
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ContrPhonTypesForVowels
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PhonStress
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
WordFinalConss
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ConsClusters
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
DefOrSpecArt
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
IndefOrNonSpecArt
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ArticleNounOrder
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NounInitNps
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
InclExclDist
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PronNum
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PronRelationship
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PronConflation
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
MoreThan2DegreesDistDem
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NonSpkrAnchoredDem
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerticalityDem
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ClassifiedDem
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NumDeterminedDecl
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
GenderDeterminedDecl
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SuppletiveNouns
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SingMarkedNoun
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
DualMarkedNoun
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PlMarkedNoun
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
OtherNumMarkedNoun
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
LimitedDistNumMarking
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NounClassesGenders
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ConcordBeyondNp
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NumeralClassifiers
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PossClassifiers
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PossClasses
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Inalienability
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
MultiplePossConstr
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PrefixMarkedPoss
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SuffixMarkedPoss
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
MarkedPossr
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
MarkedPossessee
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PossrPossdOrder
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
DecimalNumerals
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
QuinaryNumerals
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
CollectiveNouns
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
AdjVerbLexOverlap
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
AdjAttributionPred
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
CoreCaseMarking
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ObliqueCaseMarking
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Prepositions
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Postpositions
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
TamPerson
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbPrefixesProclitics
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbSuffixesEnclitics
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PunctualContinuous
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
RealisIrrealis
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SSuffix
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SPrefix
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ASuffix
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
APrefix
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
OSuffix
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
OPrefix
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbVarTam
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbVarVClass
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbVarClauseType
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbVarPerson
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NumStemAlt
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PersonStemAlt
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SepVerbNumPerson
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Portmanteau3Plus
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
DistributedCategory
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NonCore
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
RecipientObj
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
X3PlacePreds
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbNeg
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbDirection
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbSuppletion
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ConjugationClasses
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
TransIntransAlt
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
TransitivizingMorph
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
IntranstivizingMorph
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ReflexiveMorph
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ReciprocalMorph
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbClassifiers
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Copula
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NonVbPreds
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SerialVerbConstr
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Auxiliaries
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbCompounds
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbAdjunctConstr
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VbIncorporation
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ExistentialVerb
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
IrregularGive
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ClosedClassOfVb
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SvIntransClauses
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VsIntransClauses
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VInitTransClauses
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VMedialTransClauses
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VFinalTransClauses
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
FixedConstituentOrder
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ClauseFinalNeg
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ClauseInitNeg
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ImpVs.DeclNeg
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VbAndNonVbPredIdentity
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SOMorphInBasicConstr
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SAMorphInBasicConstr
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SOMorphInComplexConstr
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SAMorphInComplexConstr
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SynConflationOfSO
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ControlledUncontrolled
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ClauseChaining
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SimultaneousSequential
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
SayInDesidConstr
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
RelativeClauses
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
PurpSubClauses
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
TemporalSubClauses
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
ComplementClauses
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
CausBySerialVerbConstr
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
CausByBoundAffClit
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
CausByConstrInvolvingSay
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
MorphTopicOrFocus
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
TailHeadLinkage
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
VerbRedup
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
NounRedup
- a numeric vector, 1: presence, 0: absence
Source
Dunn, M., Terrill, A., Reesink, G., Foley, R. A. and Levinson, S. C. (2005)
Structural phylogenetics and the reconstruction of ancient language history,
Science, 309, 2072-2075.
Examples
## Not run:
data(phylogeny)
library(ape)
# joint analysis of both language families
phylogeny.dist = dist(phylogeny[ ,3:ncol(phylogeny)], method = "binary")
phylogeny.dist.tr = nj(phylogeny.dist)
families =
as.character(phylogeny$Family[as.numeric(phylogeny.dist.tr$tip.label)])
languages =
as.character(phylogeny$Language[as.numeric(phylogeny.dist.tr$tip.label)])
phylogeny.dist.tr$tip.label = languages
plot(phylogeny.dist.tr, type="u", font = as.numeric(as.factor(families)))
# analysis of subset of Papuan languages
papuan = phylogeny[phylogeny$Family == "Papuan",]
papuan$Language = as.factor(as.character(papuan$Language))
papuan.meta = papuan[ ,1:2]
papuan.mat = papuan[, 3:ncol(papuan)]
papuan.meta$Geography = c(
"Bougainville", "Bismarck Archipelago", "Bougainville",
"Bismarck Archipelago", "Bismarck Archipelago", "Central Solomons",
"Bougainville", "Louisiade Archipelago", "Bougainville",
"Bismarck Archipelago", "Bismarck Archipelago",
"Bismarck Archipelago", "Central Solomons", "Central Solomons",
"Central Solomons")
papuan.dist = dist(papuan.mat, method = "binary")
papuan.dist.tr = nj(papuan.dist)
fonts =
as.character(papuan.meta$Geography[as.numeric(
papuan.dist.tr$tip.label)])
papuan.dist.tr$tip.label =
as.character(papuan.meta$Language[as.numeric(
papuan.dist.tr$tip.label)])
plot(papuan.dist.tr, type = "u", font = as.numeric(as.factor(fonts)))
## End(Not run)
[Package
languageR version 0.953
Index]