Search engine run on: http://users.monash.edu.au/
Glookbib search for: zz0821
%A T. A. Tummino
%A et al
%T Drug-induced phospholipidosis confounds drug repurposing for SARS-CoV-2
%J Science
%V 373
%N 6554
%P 488-489
%M JUL
%D 2021
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0821, covid-19, covid19, SARS-CoV-2,
SARSCoV2, antiviral, drug, drugs, inhibitor, phospholipidosis,
hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, amiodarone
%X "... we became concerned that phospholipidosis was a shared mechanism
underlying the antiviral activity of many repurposed drugs. For all of the
23 cationic amphiphilic drugs we tested, inc. hydroxychloroquine,
azithromycin, amiodarone, & four others already in clinical trials,
phospholipidosis was monotonically correlated with antiv. efficacy.
Conversely, drugs active against the same targets that did not induce
phospholipidosis were not antiv. Phospholipidosis depends on the physicochem.
properties of drugs & does not reflect specific target-based activities -
rather, it may be considered a toxic confound ..."
-- [doi:10.1126/science.abi4708]['21].
[Also search for: MolBio SARSCoV2 drug].
%A A. Madani
%A et al ...
%A N. Naik
%T Deep neural language modeling enables functional protein generation across
families
%J BioRxiv
%M JUL
%D 2021
%K TR, MolBio, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0821, ProGen, artificial, new, protein,
ANN, model, proteins, generate
%X "... Viewing amino acid seqs as a language, we demo. that a deep
learning-based language model can generate functional artificial protein
seqs across families, ... Artificial ps. show similar activities & catalytic
efficiencies as representative natural lysozymes, inc. hen egg white
lysozyme, while reaching as low as 44% identity to any known
naturally-evolved p.. The X-ray crystal structure of an enzymatically active
artificial p. recapitulates the conserved fold & positioning of active site
residues found in natural ps. ... ProGen is a 1.2 billion- [approx 20^7]
-parameter NN trained using a publicly available dataset of 280 million
protein seqs. ..." (via daz.)
-- [doi:10.1101/2021.07.18.452833]['21].
%A E. Callaway
%T The mutation that helps Delta spread like wildfire
%J Nature
%V 596
%P 472-473
%M AUG
%D 2021
%K news, views, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0821, SARS-CoV-2, SARS2, virus, covid-19,
covid19, alpha, delta, variant, strain, mutation, P681R, infection
%X "... Delta is at least 40% more transmissible than is the Alpha ...
epidemiological studies suggest. ... groups have zeroed in on a mut'n that
alters a single [AA] in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ... The change,
which is called P681R ..."
-- [doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02275-2['21].
[[Really for the links to 5 preprints.]]
%A T. Tao
%T Almost all orbits of the Collatz map attain almost bounded values
%J arXiv
%M SEP
%D 2019
%K TR, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0821, Collatz, problem, Syracuse iteration, 3X+1,
3Xplus1, 3Nplus1, Tao, Terras, Korec
%X "... Our proof proceeds by establishing an approx. transport property for a
certain 1st passage random var. assoc. with the Collatz iteration (or more
precisely, the closely related Syracuse iteration), which in turn follows
from estimation of the characteristic fn of a certain skew random walk on a
3-adic cyclic group at high frequs.. This estimation is achieved by studying
how a certain two-dimensional renewal process interacts with a union of
triangles assoc. to a given freq.."
-- 1909.03562@[arXiv]['21].
Also see CP@[wikip]['21].
[Also search for: Collatz problem].
%T M. Hutson
%T Robo-writers: the rise and risks of language-generating AI
%J Nature
%M MAR
%D 2021
%K news, views, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0821, AI, GPT 3, GPT3, robo writer,
emulating, imitating, funny, haha, ha ha, spoof, satire, natural language,
NN, generator, LLM, LarLangM, deep, model, risks, OpenAI
%X "... the latest and most powerful in a series of 'large language models':
AIs that generate fluent streams of text after imbibing billions of words
from books, articles and websites. GPT-3 had been trained on around 200
billion words, at an estimated cost of tens of millions of dollars. ..."
-- [doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00530-0]['21].
[Also search for: GPT] and [also search for: postmodernism].
(Also see V.G.Cerf on LLMs, CACM 66(8) [www['23] AUG 2023.)
%A G. Cabanac
%A C. Labbe
%A A. Magazinov
%T Tortured phrases: A dubious writing style emerging in science. Evidence of
critical issues affecting established journals
%J arXiv
%J JUL
%D 2021
%K TR, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0821, academic, research, misconduct, fraud,
plagiarism, AI generated, GPT 3, GPT3, robo writer, tortured phrases, weird,
colossal information, profound neural organization, journal, publications,
papers, fake, scientific literature, editorial practice, peer review,
PaperMill, journal, refereeing
%X "... Now more complex AI-powered generation techniques produce texts
indistinguishable from that of humans & the generation of scientific texts
from a few keywords has been documented. Our study introduces the concept of
tortured phrases: unexpected weird phrases in lieu of established ones, such
as 'counterfeit consciousness' instead of [AI]. ..."
-- 2107.06751@[arXiv]['21].
[Also search for: GPT3] and [also search for: peer review].
%A Xinwen Jiang
%T A polynomial time algorithm for a NPC problem
%J arXiv
%M AUG
%D 2021
%K TR, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0821, MSP, NP, NPC, controversial
%X "It is introduced a so called 'Multi-stage graph Simple Path' problem (MSP
for short) & proved that SAT problem can be polynomial reducible to MSP
problem in this small paper. To solve MSP problem, we propose a polynomial
time alg.. Our result implies NP=P."
-- 2108.03877@[arXiv]['21].
[(?breakthrough or crash and burn?-)]
%A R. Lewis
%A D. Thiruvady
%A K. Morgan
%T The maximum happy induced subgraph problem: Bounds and algorithms
%J Computers & Op. Res.
%V 126
%P 1-15
%V 126
%P #105114
%M FEB
%D 2021
%K jrnl, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0821, happy vertex, set, algorithm graph, maths,
happy induced subgraph, happy vertices problem, colouring
%X "... a combinatorial opt'n problem that takes as input a g. in which some of
the vertices have been preassigned to colours. The aim is to then identify
the largest induced subg. in which all remaining vs. are able to assume the
same colour as all of their neighbours. ... shares similarities with the
g.colouring problem, vertex cut problems, & the maximum happy vertices
problem. It is NP-hard in general. ... we derive a # of upper & lwbs & also
show how certain problem instances can be broken up into smaller subproblems.
... propose one exact & two heuristic algs. ... & use these to investigate
the factors that make some problem instances more difficult to solve than
others."
-- [doi:10.1016/j.cor.2020.105114]['21].
[Also search for: happy set graph].
%A C. Alos-Ferrer
%A J. García-Segarra
%A A. Ritschel
%T Generous with individuals and selfish to the masses
%J NatureHumanBehaviour
%P 1-9
%M JUL
%D 2021
%K eJrnl, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0821, human behaviour, generosity, theft,
big robber, Dictator, Ultimatum, Trust, games, selfish, selfishness, charity,
prosocial, altruism, antisocial, cooperation
%X "... We design an experimental setting, the 'Big Robber' game, where a
'robber' can obtain a large personal gain by appropriating the earnings of a
large group of 'victims'. In a large lab. experiment (N=640), more than half
of all robbers took as much as poss. & almost nobody declined to rob. However
the same participants simultaneously displayed std, predominantly prosocial
behaviour in Dictator, Ultimatum & Trust games. Thus, we provide direct
empirical evidence showing that individual selfishness in high-impact
decisions affecting a large group is compatible with prosociality in
bilateral low-stakes interactions. That is, human beings can simultaneously
be generous with others and selfish with large groups."
-- [doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01170-0]['21].
[Also search for: cooperation human behaviour] and
[also search for: ultimatum game].
%A W. H. Zurek
%T Environment-induced superselection rules
%J Phys. Rev. D
%V 26
%N 1862
%M OCT
%D 1982
%K eJrnl, c1982, c198x, c19xx, zz0821, physics, quantum mechanics, system,
apparatus, measurement, observable
%X "We show how the correlations of a q.system with other q.systems may cause
one of its observables to behave in a classical manner. In particular,
'reduction of the wave packet,' postulated by von Neumann to explain
definiteness of an outcome of an individual observation, can be explained
when a realistic model of an apparatus is adopted. Instead of an isolated
q.apparatus with a # of states equal to the # of possible distinct outcomes
of the measurement, discussed by von N., we consider an apparatus interacting
with other physical systems, described here summarily as 'environment.' ..."
-- [doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.26.1862]['21].
%A S. Gerlich
%A et al
%T A Kapitza-Dirac-Talbot-Lau interferometer for highly polarizable molecules
%J NaturePhysics
%V 3
%P 711-715
%D 2007
%K eJrnl, physics, c2007, c200x, c20xx, zz0821, particle, molecule, wave,
matter, quantum mechanics, interference
%X "... Here, we describe the first experimental realization of a new set-up
that solves this problem [the strongly dispersive effect of the interaction
between the diffracted molecule & the grating wall] by combining the
advantages of a so-called Talbot-Lau interferometer with the benefits of an
optical phase grating."
-- [doi:10.1038/nphys701]['21].
[Also search for: quantum molecule wave].
%A M. Zwolak
%A H. T. Quan
%A W. H. Zurek
%T Quantum Darwinism in a hazy environment
%J arXiv
%M OCT
%D 2009
%K TR, c2009, c200x, c20xx, zz0821, physics, quantum Darwinism, weirdness,
observer, measurement
%X "Q.Darwinism recognizes that we - the observers - acquire our info about the
'systems of interest' indirectly from their imprints on the environment.
Here, we show that info about a system can be acquired from a mixed-state, or
hazy, environment, but the storage capacity of an environment fragment is
suppressed by its initial entropy. In the case of good decoherence, the
mutual info between the system & the fragment is given solely by the
fragment's entropy increase. For fairly mixed environments, this means a
reduction by a factor 1-h, where h is the haziness of the env., i.e., the
initial entropy of an env. qubit. Thus, even such hazy envs. eventually
reveal the state of the system, although now the intercepted env. fragment
must be larger by ~1/(1-h) to gain the same information about the system."
-- [arXiv]['21],
auth3@[lanl]['21].
%A Y. Y. Fein
%A et al
%T Quantum superposition of molecules beyond 25 kDa
%J NaturePhysics
%V 15
%P 1242-1245
%M SEP
%D 2019
%K eJrnl, physics, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0821, quantum, mechanics, particle,
wave, duality, matter, large, molecule, interference
%X "Matter-wave interference experiments ... By increasing the mass of the
interfering particles ... stringent bounds can be placed on modified q.
theories such as objective collapse models. ... report interference of a
molecular library of functionalized oligoporphyrins with masses beyond
25,000 Da & consisting of up to 2,000 atoms ... results show excellent
agreement with q.theory & cannot be explained classically. The interference
fringes reach more than 90% of the expected visibility & the resulting
macroscopicity value of 14.1 represents an order of magnitude increase over
previous experiments."
-- [doi:10.1038/s41567-019-0663-9]['21].
[Also search for: quantum molecule wave].
%A N. Wolchover
%T Eternal change for no energy: A time crystal finally made real[1]
%J QuantaMagazine
%M JUL
%D 2021
%K news, views, c2021. c202x, c20xx, zz0821, physics, time crystal, Floquet,
quantum, computing, qubits
%X "... A novel phase of matter that physicists have strived to realize for many
years, a time crystal is an object whose parts move in a regular, repeating
cycle, sustaining this constant change without burning any energy. ...
The time crystal is a new category of phases of matter, expanding the defn of
what a phase is. ... On July 5, a team based at the Delft Uni. of Tech.[2] in
the [,n]] reported that they built a Floquet time crystal not in a
q.processor, but out of the nuclear spins of carbon atoms in a diamond. ..."
-- [www]['21].
[1] 2107.13571@[arXiv]['21].
[2] 2107.00736@[arXiv]['21].
[Also search for: physics time].
%A J. H. Conway
%T FRACTRAN: A simple universal programming language for arithmetic
%B Open Problems in Communication and Computation
%I Springer Verlag
%P 4–26
%D 1987
%K c1987, c198x, c19xx, zz0821, John Horton Conway, JHConway, JHC, FRACTRAN,
PLD, game, computing, complete, integers
%X "To play the fraction game corresponding to a given list f1,f2,...,fk of
fractions & starting int. N, you repeatedly multiply the int. you have at any
stage (initially N) by the earliest f_i in the list for which the answer is
integral. Whenever there is no such f_i, the game stops."
-- [doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4808-8_2]['21].
Also see F@[wikip]['21].
%A C. Helbling
%A F. Aksoy
%T Solving the funarg problem with static types
%X arXiv
%M AUG
%D 2021
%K TR, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0821, programming language, funarg, closure,
thunk, heap, stack, type, prenex, Juniper, Arduino, FP
%X "The difficulty assoc. with storing closures in a stack-based environment is
known as the funarg problem. ... 1st identified with ... Lisp in the 1970s
... The modern soln ... is to allocate closures on the heap, or to apply
static analysis to determine when cs. can be stack allocated. ... embedded
sys. often have limited memory resources where heap allocation may cause
memory fragmentation. We present a simple extension to the prenex fragment of
System F that allows closures to be stack-allocated. ... [eg] in the Juniper
functional reactive p.l., which is designed to run on extremely resource
limited Arduino devices. We also discuss other solns present in other p.ls
that solve the funarg problem but haven't been formally discussed in the
literature."
-- 2108.07389@[arXiv]['21].
%A K. A. Zweig
%T Watching the watchers: Epstein and Robertson's "Search Engine Manipulation
Effect"
%I AlgorithmWatch
%M APR
%D 2017
%K TR, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0821, Epstein, Robertson, web, www, internet,
google, search engine, results, rank, ranking, bias, society, social,
politics, election, news, curating
%X "... In July, 2015, Epstein & Robertson published a widely acknowledged study
on how much a biased search engine result ranking can shift undecided voters
towards one candidate ... In this article, I will show that the results are
strongly exaggerated because they are based on a measure which sums up the
effects of biasing the results for all candidates instead of averaging them
or stating the range of possible effects. In the most realistic of the three
studies conducted by E&R, the single effects are within the range of 2-4%.
This is still an important effect, especially for elections which are as
close as the ones often seen in the USA but less worrying for European
countries with multiple parties."
-- [www]['21]
Also see the ABC@[www][5/8/2021].
[Also search for: society web].
%A A. Papasavva
%A J. Blackburn
%A G. Stringhini
%A S. Zannettou
%A E. De Cristofaro
%T "Is it a Qoincidence?": An exploratory study of QAnon on Voat
%J Proc. the Web Conf.
%P 460-471
%M APR
%D 2021
%K conf, c2021, c202x, c20xx, zz0821, web, www, internet, social media, Voat,
voat.co, QQ, Qanon, drops, Trumpery, pizzaGate, 4Chan, greatAwakening,
awakening, conspiracy theory, theories, USA, fake news, fakeNews
%X "Online fringe communities offer fertile grounds to users seeking & sharing
ideas fueling ... & conspiracy theories. ... the QAnon conspiracy theory
emerged in 2017 on 4chan, broadly supporting the idea that powerful
politicians, aristocrats, & celebrities are closely engaged in a global
pedophile ring. Simultaneously, governments are thought to be controlled by
'puppet masters,' as democratically elected officials serve as a fake
showroom of democracy."
-- [doi:10.1145/3442381.3450036]['21] and
2009.04885@[arXiv]['21].
[Also search for: conspiracy theory].