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Glookbib search for: zz0123

%T Canada's Guidance on Alcohol and Health: Final Report
%I Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction (CCSA)
%M JAN
%D 2023
%K report, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, negative, zzAlcohol, advice, drinking,
   alcohol consumption, human health, harm, risks, study, Canada
%X "... Using these different thresholds, this project's estimates make it
   possible to put forward a clear continuum of risk whereby the risk for those
   who consume 2 std drinks or less per week is low, it is moderate for those
   who consume between 3 & 6 std drinks per week, & it is increasingly high for
   those who consume above 6 std drinks per week, with increasing risk conferred
   by every additional drink. ..."
   -- [www]['23].
   [Also search for: zzAlcohol].

%A A. Shamir
%T Factoring numbers in O(logn) arithmetic steps
%J IPL
%V 8
%N 1
%P 28-32
%M JAN
%D 1978
%K jrnl, c1971, c197x, z9xx, zz0123, integer, factorisation, factorization,
   factoring, algorithm, primes
%X "A non-trivial factor of a composite # n can be found by performing arith.
   steps in a # proportional to the # of bits in n, & thus there are extremely
   short straight-line factoring programs. However, this theoretical result does
   not imply that natural numbers can be factored in polynomial time in the
   Turing-m/c model of complexity, since the numbers operated on can be as big
   as 2 to the power c n-squared, thus requiring exponentially many bit ops."
   -- [doi:10.1016/0020-0190(79)90087-5]['23].
   [Also search for: integer factorisation].

%A H. W. Lenstra
%A C. Pomerance
%T A rigorous time bound for factoring integers
%J JAMS
%V 5
%N 5
%P 483-516
%M JUL
%D 1992
%K jrnl, c1992, c199x, c19xx, zz0123, factorisation, factorization, factoring,
   integer, prime, primes, class group relations algorithm, GRH, Schnorr, Seysen
%X "... probabilistic alg. is exhibited that factors any +ve int. into prime
   factors in expected time at most L_n[1/2, 1+o(1)] for n->inf, where
   L_n[a,b]=exp(b(log n)^a(log log x)^{1-a)). ..."
   -- [doi:10.1090/S0894-0347-1992-1137100-0]['23].
   (Also see IF@[wikip]['23].)

%T The development of the number field sieve
%E A. K. Lenstra
%E H. W. Lenstra
%I Springer
%S LNM
%V 1554
%D 1993
%K conf, c1993, c199x, c19xx, zz0123, factorization, factorisation, factoring,
   number field sieve, NFS, GNFS, algorithm, integers, integer, prime, primes,
   Lenstra, Pollard
%X uk us isbn13:978-3540570134.
   "The [NFS] is an algo. for finding the prime factors of large integers. It
   depends on algebraic number theory. Proposed by John Pollard in 1988, the
   method was used in 1990 to factor the ninth Fermat #, a 155-digit int.. The
   alg. is most suited to #s of a special form, but there is a promising variant
   that applies in general. This volume contains six research papers that
   describe the operation of the [NFS], from both theoretical & practical
   perspectives. Pollard's original manuscript is included. [&] there is an
   annotated bibliography of directly related literature."
   -- [doi:10.1007/BFb0091534]['23].
   (Also see NFS@[wikip]['23].)
   [Also search for: integer factorisation].

%A A. Bernstein
%A D. Nanongkai
%A C. Wulff-Nilsen
%T Negative-weight single-source shortest paths in near-linear time
%J arXiv
%M OCT
%D 2022
%K TR, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, negative weight, shortest path, graph,
   algorithm, maths, shortest path, SSSP, negative weight, Fakcharoenphol, Rao
%X "... randomized alg. that computes single-source shortest paths (SSSP) in
   ~O(m log^8(n) log W) time when edge wts are integral & can be negative. ...
   -- 2203.03456@[arXiv]['23].
   (Also see [q'mag][18/1/'23] and
   also see, 'Historic algorithms help unlock shortest-path problem
   Breakthrough', CACM, SEP 2023 [doi:10.1145/3607866]['23].)
   [Also search for: SSSP algorithm].

%A G. Barequet
%A M. Shalah 
%T Improved upper bounds on the growth constants of polyominoes and polycubes
%J Algorithmica
%V 84
%P 3559-3586
%M DEC
%D 2022
%O Theoretical Informatics (LATIN 2020)
%K conf, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, combinatorics, polyominoe, polycube,
   upper bound
%X "... A d-dim. polycube is a face-connected set of cells on Z^d. Let A_d(n)
   denote the # of d-dim. polycubes (distinct up to translations) with n cubes,
   and l_d denote their growth const. lim_{n->inf}A_d(n+1)/A_d(n) ...
   1. We prove that l_2 <= 4.5252, 2. l_d <= (2d-2)e+o(1) for d>=2 ...
   3. We implement an iterative process in 3D, improving further the upb on l_3
   to 9.3835."
   -- [doi:10.1007/s00453-022-00948-6]['23].
   [Also search for: polyominoe].

%A Xi Chen
%A Yaonan Jin
%A T. Randolph
%A R. A. Servedio
%T Subset sum in time 2^{n/2}/poly(n)
%J arXiv
%M JAN
%D 2023
%K TR, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, subset sum problem, representation method
%X "A major goal in the area of exact exponential algs. is to give an alg. for
   the (worst-case) n-input Subset Sum problem that runs in time
   O(2^{1/2-c)n}) for some const. c>0. ... we give a SS alg. with worst-case
   running time O(2*{n/2}.n^{-g}) for a const. g>0.5023 in std word RAM or
   circuit RAM models. ..."
   -- 2301.07134@[arXiv]['23].
   [Also search for: subset sum problem].

%A S. Damadi
%A G. Moharrer
%A M. Cham
%T The backpropagation algorithm for a math student
%J arXiv
%M JAN
%D 2023
%K TR, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, NN, ANN, deep, DNN, backpropagation,
   backprop, Jacobian
%X "... The (BP) alg. leverages the composite structure of the DNN to
   efficiently compute the gradient. [so] the # of layers in the network does
   not sig. impact the complexity of the calculation. The objective of this
   paper is to express the gradient of the loss fn in terms of a matrix
   multiplication using the Jacobian operator. This can be achieved by
   considering the total derivative of each layer wrt its parameters &
   expressing it as a J.matrix. The gradient can then be represented as the
   matrix product of these J.matrices. ..."
   -- 2301.09977@[arXiv]['23].
   [Also search for: backpropagation NN].

%A E. Margoliash
%T Primary structure and evolution of cytochrome C
%J PNAS
%V 50
%N 4
^P 672-679
%M OCT
%D 1963
%K jrnl, MolBio, cytochrome C, cytochromeC, c1963, c196x, c19xx, zz0123,
   protein, human, horse, pig, rabbit, chicken, tuna, yeast, molecular clock
%X -- [doi:10.1073/pnas.50.4.672]['23].
   Also see molecular clock@[wikip]['23].

%A L. Bromham
%A D. Penny
%T The modern molecular clock
%J NatureReview Genet.
%V 4
%N 3
%P 216-224
%M MAR
%D 2003
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2003, c200x, c20xx, zz0123, evolution, time, neutral theory,
   phylogenetics
%X "The discovery of the molecular clock - a relatively const. rate of molec.
   evolution ... The unexpected constancy of rate was explained by assuming that
   most changes to genes are effectively neutral. Theory predicts several
   sources of variation in the rate of molec. evolution. However, even an
   approximate clock allows time estimates of events in evolutionary history,
   which provides a method for testing a wide range of biological hypotheses
   ranging from the origins of the animal kingdom to the emergence of new viral
   epidemics."
   -- [doi:10.1038/nrg1020]['23],
   12610526@[pubm'd]['23].
   [Also search for: MolBio molecular clock].

%A S. Kumar
%T Molecular clocks: four decades of evolution
%J Nat. Rev. Genet.
%V 6
%P 654-662
%M AUG
%D 2005
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2005, c200x, c20xx, zz0123, survey, intro, molecular clock,
   evolution, phylogenetics
%X -- [doi:10.1038/nrg1659]['23].
   also see: "... Mutation rates differ between species and even between
   different regions of the genome of a single species..."
   -- clock@[wikip]['23].

%A M. Soskine
%A D. S. Tawfik
%T Mutational effects and the evolution of new protein functions
%J NatureReview Genet.
%V 11
%N 8
%P 572-582
%M AUG
%D 2010
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2010, c201x, c20xx, zz0123, protein, mutation, evolution,
   function, pleiotropic, fitness, selection
%X "The divergence of new genes & proteins occurs through mutations that
   modulate protein fn. ... can have different effects on organismal fitness
   depending on the environment, as well as opposite effects on protein fn &
   dosage. We review the pleiotropic effects of mutations. We discuss how they
   affect the evolution of gene & protein fn, & ... propose several factors that
   can affect the divergence of new protein fns, inc. mutational trade-offs &
   hidden, or apparently neutral, variation."
   -- [doi:10.1038/nrg2808]['23],
   20634811@[pubm'd]['23].

%A Soojin Yi
%T Neutrality and molecular clocks
%J Nat. Ed. Knowledge
%V 4
%N 2
%D 2013
%K intro, survey, tutorial, c213, c201x, c20xx, zz0123, MolBio, molecular clock,
   evolution, fibrinopeptide, hemoglobin, haemoglobin, cytochrome c, rate,
   neutral theory
%X "... one of the most tantalizing findings was the observation that protein
   sequence change seemed to occur at a rate proportional to the time since the
   evolutionary divergence of species. The term 'molecular clock' was coined to
   describe the phenomenon ..."
   -- [www]['23].
   also see clock@[wikip]['23].

%T 80th Anniversary of the Harvard study of adult development (HSAD)
%M APR
%D 2017
%K TR, news, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0123, HSAD, human, development, behaviour,
   happiness, health, stats
%X Anniversary [www]['23].
   *HSAD [www]['23].

%A R. Lipsh-Sokolik
%A et al
%T Combinatorial assembly and design of enzymes
%J Science
%V379
%N 6628
%P 195-201
%M JAN
%D 2023
%K MolBio, jrnl, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, CADENZ, enzyme, protein, folding
%X "... We introduce an atomistic & machine learning strategy for the
   combinatorial assembly & design of enzymes (CADENZ) to design fragments that
   combine with one another to generate diverse, low-energy structures with
   stable catalytic constellations. We applied CADENZ to endoxylanases ... a
   10-fold improved hit rate & more than 10,000 recovered enzymes. This
   design-test-learn loop can be applied, in principle, to any modular protein
   family ..."
   -- 36634164@[p'bmed['23],
   [doi:10.1126/science.ade9434]['23].

%A A. Madani
%A et al
%T Large language models generate functional protein sequences across diverse
   families
%J Nat. Biotech.
%V ?
%M JAN
%D 2023
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, NN, ANN, proteins, drug, design,
   ProGen, anti bacteria
%X "... we describe ProGen, a language model that can generate protein seqs.
   with a predictable fn across large protein families, akin to generating
   grammatically & semantically correct natural language sentences on diverse
   topics. ... was trained on 280 million protein seqs. from > 19,000 families &
   is augmented with control tags specifying protein properties. ... Artificial
   proteins fine-tuned to five distinct lysozyme families showed similar
   catalytic efficiencies as natural lysozymes, with seq. identity to natural
   proteins as low as 31.4%. ..."
   --- [doi:10.1038/s41587-022-01618-2]['23].
   ("identity ... 31.4%.")

%A H. Guo
%A et al
%T SGLT2 inhibitor ameliorates endothelial dysfunction associated with the
   common ALDH2 alcohol flushing variant
%J Sci. Trans. Med.
%V 15
%N 680
%M JAN
%D 2023
%K MolBio, jrnl, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, ALDH2,
   ALDH2*2, alcohol, human health, heart, risks
%X "... alcohol flushing variant known as ALDH2*2 affects ~8% of the world's
   pop'n. Even in heterozygous carriers, this missense variant leads to a severe
   loss of ALDH2 enzymatic activity & has been linked to an increased risk of
   coronary artery disease (CAD). ... our results suggest that ALDH2*2 induces
   EC dysfunction & that SGLT2i may potentially be used as a preventative
   measure against CAD for ALDH2*2 carriers."
   -- [doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abp9952]['23].
   [Also search for: dehydrogenase].

%A T. Cowen
%A B. Southward
%T Is the rate of scientific progress slowing down?
%J GMU Working Paper in Economics No.21-13
%M AUG
%D 2019
%K TR, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0123, scientific research, progress, KPI, KPIs,
   impact, publish, perish
%X "... we consider whether the rate of scientific progress has slowed down, &
   more generally what we know about the rate of scientific progress, based on
   these literatures & other metrics ...  If progress in sci. is slowing down,
   as indeed we have some reason to believe, these data may help us figure out
   where the problem has come from. We then could act to speed it up, or at
   least try to figure out how to do so."
   -- [ssrn]['23].
   [Also search for: scientific progress].

%A Bao Yan
%A et al
%T Factoring integers with sublinear resources on a superconducting quantum
   processor
%J arXiv
%M DEC
%D 2022
%K TR, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, quantum computing, factoring, integers,
   QAOA, integer factorization, factorisation, primes, RSA, RSA2048, encryption,
   cryptology, controversial
%X "... we report a universal q.alg. for int. factorization by combining the
   classical lattice red'n with a q. approximate optimization alg. (QAOA). The
   # of qubits required is O(log(N)/loglog(N)), which is sublinear in the bit
   length of the integer N, making it the most qubit-saving factorization alg.
   to date. We demonstrate [it] experimentally by factoring ints. up to 48
   bits with 10 superconducting qubits, the largest int. factored on a q.device.
   We estimate that a q.circuit with 372 physical qubits & a depth of thousands
   is necessary to challenge RSA-2048 using our algorithm. ..."
   -- [doi:10.48550/arXiv.2212.12372]['23].
   [Also search for: quantum computing factorization].
   (Also see, "... 15-digit # 261,980,999,226,229[=]15,538,213x16,860,433 ..."
   -- Nature [www][1/2023].)
   AND, "...claims of factoring with q.computers have however been criticized
       for depending heavily on classical comp'n to reduce the # of qubits
       required ..."
       -- IFrecords@[wikip]['23].

%A M. Park
%A E. Leahey
%A R. J. Funk
%T Papers and patents are becoming less disruptive over time
%J Nature
%V 613
%P 138-144
%M JAN
%D 2023
%K jrnl, c2023, c2023, c20xx, zz0123, scientific research, progress, impact,
   management, academia, breakthrough, novelty, innovation, disrupt, impact,
   CD, CDindex, publish, perish, paper, patent
%X "... Recent decades have witnessed exponential growth in the volume of new
   scientific & technological knowledge, thereby creating conditions that should
   be ripe for major advances. Yet contrary to this view, studies suggest that
   progress is slowing in several major fields. ... six large-scale datasets,
   together with a new quantitative metric - the CD index ... find that papers
   & patents are increasingly less likely to break with the past in ways that
   push sci. & tech. in new directions. ... link this decline in disruptiveness
   to a narrowing in the use of previous knowledge ..."  [80 refs.]
   -- [doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05543-x]['23].
   (Also see comment@[www]['23].)
   [Also search for: scientific progress].

%A M. Welsh
%T The end of programming
%J CACM
%V 66
%N 1
%P 34-35
%M JAN
%D 2023
%K views, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, computer programming, CSci, CompSci,
   prediction, zzPrediction, controversial, deepAI, AI, NN, ANN,
   CoPilot, GPT, GPT2, zz0133
%X "The end of classical computer science is coming, and most of us are
   dinosaurs waiting for the meteor to hit. ... This shift is underscored by the
   fact that nobody actually understands how large AI models work. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1145/3570220]['23].
   [Also search for: zzPrediction]. Run for the hills? Or check back in 2033?

%A T. Williams
%T Artists angry after discovering artworks used to train AI image
   generators without their consent
%I The Age
%M JAN
%D 2023
%K news, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, art, ethics, copyright, law, legal, ANN,
   NN, LLM, LarLangM, AI, image generator, Prisma, Lensa, haveibeentrained.com,
   LAION 5B, LAION5B, non-consumptive use, nonConsumptive
%X "Six-time Archibald Prize finalist Kim Leutwyler says "it feels like a
   violation" that their art was used without their consent to train the [AI]
   technology behind increasingly popular text-to-image software. ... An
   artist's individual artworks are protected by copyright law, but their
   overall style is not. ..."
   -- T.W., The Age [10/1/2023].
   [Also search for: AI LLM copyright].

%A J. Kaiser
%T To reduce 'reputational bias,' NIH may revamp how grant proposals are scored
%J Science
%V 379
%M JAN
%D 2023
%K news, views, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, grant, proposal, grants, NIH, ARC,
   funding, ranking, reputation, scientific research, progress, peer review,
   reviewing, refereeing, importance, rigor, feasibility, expertise, idea, ideas
%X "Researchers familiar with the NIH's peer-review process can cite many cases
   where the reputation of a scientist or their workplace seemed to count for
   more than the strength of their ideas. ... into three factors. Two would be
   scored: importance, & rigor & feasibility. Reviewers would also consider,
   but not directly score, a third factor: expertise & resources. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1126/science.adg7365]['23].

%A C. A. Gao
%A et al
%T Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to original abstracts
   using an artificial intelligence output detector, plagiarism detector, and
   blinded human reviewers
%K bioRxiv
%M JAN
%D 2023
%K TR, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, ChatGPT, GPT, chatBot, AI, NN, ANN,
   cheating, publications, paper, papers, reviewing, refereeing, text generator,
   detector, scientific research, university, homework, plagiarism, ethics
%X "...We gathered ten research abstracts from five high impact factor medical
   journals (n=50) & asked ChatGPT to generate research abstracts based on their
   titles & journals. ... Most generated abstracts were detected using the AI
   output detector ... Generated abstracts scored very high on originality using
   the plagiarism detector ... blinded human reviewers correctly identified 68%
   of generated abstracts as being generated by ChatGPT, but incorrectly
   identified 14% of original abstracts as being generated. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1101/2022.12.23.521610]['23].
   [Also search for: paper generator].

%A H. Else
%T Multimillion-dollar trade in paper authorships alarms publishers
%J Nature
%V 613
%P 617-618
%M JAN
%D 2023
%K news, views, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, authorship, sell, sale,
   scientific publication, scam, academic misconduct
%X "Research-integrity sleuths have uncovered hundreds of online advertisements
   that offer the chance to buy authorship on research papers to be published in
   reputable jrnls. Publishers are investigating the claims, and have retracted
   dozens of articles over suspicions ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/d41586-023-00062-9]['23].
   [Also search for: authorship misconduct].

%A K. Kirkpatrick
%T Can AI demonstrate creativity?
%J CACM
%V 66
%N 2
%P 21-23
%M FEB
%D 2023
%K news, views, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, DALL E, DALLE, DALLE2, art,
   image generator, music, creativity, AI, NN, ANN
%X "When fed a sufficient amount of training data, AI techniques can be used to
   generate new ideas in several different ways. Is that creativity?"
   -- [doi:10.1145/3575665]['23].

%A D. Monroe
%T Post quantum cryptography
%J CACM
%V 66
%N 2
%M FEB
%D 2023
%K news, views, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, quantum computing, security,
   break, breaking
%X "Cryptographers seek algorithms quantum computers cannot break."
   -- [doi:10.1145/3575664]['23].

%A G.-A. Silber
%T Towards an automatic consolidation of French law
%J arXiv
%M JAN
%D 2023
%K TR, c2023, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, Legistix, law, legal, Europe, European,
   France, French, grammar, computing, automation
%X "We present preliminary results about Legistix, a tool we are developing to
   automatically consolidate the French & European law. Legistix is based both
   on regular expressions used in several compound grammars, similar to the
   successive passes of a compiler, & on a new specialized language of
   functional type, allowing to describe the changes applied to the texts.
   Instead of creating manually a full consolidated version of a text at each
   modification date, Legistix generates automatically programs from legal
   documents written in natural language to automatically create the
   consolidated versions."
   -- [arXiv]['23].
   [Also search for: law legal automation].

%A L. A. Levin
%T The tale of one-way functions
%J Problems of Info. Transmission
%V 39
%P 92-103
%M JAN
%D 2003
%K jrnl, c2003, c200x, c20xx, zz0123, one way function, OWF, AUG 2003,
   cryptography
%X "... discusses & refines a number of concepts relevant to this problem. For
   instance, it gives the first combinatorial complete owf, i.e., a fn which is
   one-way if any fn is. There are surprisingly many subtleties in basic defns.
   ..."
   -- [doi:10.1023/A:1023634616182]['23],
      cs/0012023@[arXiv]['23].
   Also see OWF@[wikip]['23].

%A D. Bohm
%T Wholeness and the Implicate Order
%I RoutledgePubl
%D 1980
%K book, text, physics, philosophy, c1980, c198x, c19xx, zz0123, quantum,
   weirdness, reality, wave, particle, duality
%X isbn:0744800005;
   Routledge 2002, uk us isbn:0415289793; isbn13:978-0415289795.
   Also see DB@[wikip]['23].
   [Also search for: physics Bohm].

%A M. Buchanan
%T In search of lost memories
%J NaturePhysics
%V 15
%P 420
%M MAY
%D 2019
%K physics, jrnl, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0123, quantum mechanics, particle,
   pilot, wave, guide, duality, weirdness, Bohm, Bohmian, deBroglie, Couder
%X "In 1980, the physicist David Bohm published a book entitled Wholeness & the
   Implicate Order, in which he speculated about hidden structures that might
   somehow lie behind the mystery of q.entanglement - the weird linking together
   of distant & apparently indep. systems. As a suggestive analogy for the kind
   of structures he had in mind, Bohm referred to a famous memory effect in
   fluids. Place a blob of ink into a viscous liquid confined in the narrow gap
   between two cylindrical walls, & start rotating the inner cylinder. Shearing
   in the fluid will smear the ink out into increasingly fine ribbons, which
   eventually vanish. The ink is apparently gone, leaving only a featureless
   expanse of fluid. But ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/s41567-019-0521-9]['23].
   Also see W-P@[wikip]['23] and
   Yves Couder video@[ubend]['23].
   [Also search for: physics Bohm].

%A M. A. Hossain
%A et al
%T Are you a cyberbully on social media? Exploring the personality traits using
   a fuzzy-set configurational approach
%J Int. J. Info. Mgmt
%V 66
%P #102537
%M OCT
%D 2022
%K jrnl, c2022, c202x, c20xx, zz0123, nasty, social media, email, bully,
   bullying, human behaviour, online, cyberbullying, trolling, study,
   USA, India, RMIT, dark4, big5
%X "... Our all-inclusive model reveals that social media bullies, regardless of
   their gender, marital status, & social media experience, are young, educated,
   neurotic, conscientious, psychopathic, & sadistic with high Machiavellianism
   & low agreeableness. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102537]['23].
   [Also search for: nasty social media].


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