•A
methodology for initialization of seasonal-to- interannual predictions that does
not rely on model spin-up has been developed.
•A
surface measurement of soil moisture may be used to correct the entire soil moisture
profile.
•Assimilation
of soil moisture has a positive impact on the water and energy
budgets.
•Soil
moisture assimilation performs best for regions with shallower soils; particularly
depths less
than 3m.
•