Fig.
2: Snapshot of truth, assimilation and forecast (from poor initial
condition) on 3/16/1987 for 24 coterminous catchments
from 3-month
assimilation starting from 1/1/1987.
Here a) d) g) SWE (in mm); b) e) h) snow depth (in mm), c) f) i) T (in C).
a) True SWE
b) True Depth
c) True Temp
d) Assimilation SWE
e) Assimilation Depth
f) Assimilation Temp
g) Forecast SWE
h) Forecast depth
i) Forecast Temp
Fig. 3: Same as in Fig.2, but on 2/14/1987 for North America from 3-month
assimilation starting from 1/1/1987.
Fig. 1: Schematic of
the snow model: (a) when fractional snow coverage < 1, it is a single-layer model. (b) when fractional
snow coverage >1, it is a three-layer model.
W2, D2, H2
W1, D1, H1
W3, D3, H3
Layer
1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Heat flux
Heat flux
Heat flux
Heat flux
Cond
meltwater
meltwater
W1, D1, H1
Cond
Heat flux
Heat flux
(a)
(b)
Schematic
of the Snow Model