Search engine run on: http://users.monash.edu.au/
Glookbib search for: zz0619
%A L. Allison
%A A. Konagurthu
%A D. Schmidt
%T On universal codes for integers: Wallace Tree, Elias Omega and variations
%J arXiv
%M JUN
%D 2019
%K TR, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0619, LAllison, ArunK, integer, universal code,
codes, intCodes, compression, Elias, omega, omega2, omega*, omegastar, WTC,
II, MML, Rissanen, logstar, log*, Fibonacci, asymptotic, optimality, MDL,
robustness
%X "A universal code for the (positive) integers can be used to store or
compress a sequence of integers. Every universal code implies a probability
distribution on integers. This implied distribution may be a reasonable
choice when the true distribution of a source of integers is unknown.
Wallace Tree Code (WTC) is a universal code for integers based on binary
trees. We give the encoding and decoding routines for WTC and analyse the
properties of the code in comparison to two well-known codes, the Fibonacci
and Elias omega codes. Some improvements on the Elias omega code are also
described and examined."
-- 1906.05004@[arXiv]['19].
Also see DCC21,
[more1] and
[more2].
%A K. J. Gan
%A T. C. Sudhof
%T Specific factors in blood from young but not old mice directly promote
synapse formation and NMDA-receptor recruitment
%J PNAS
%V ?
%P ?-?
%M JUN
%D 2019
%K jrnl, PNAS, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0619, human health, age, ageing, aging,
brain, young blood, mouse, mice, THBS 4, THBS4, SPARCL 1, SPARCL1, NMDA,
proteins
%X "... we show that serum extracted from the blood of young but not old mice,
when applied to neurons transdifferentiated from human embryonic stem cells,
directly increased dendritic arborization, augmented synapse numbers, doubled
dendritic spine-like structures, and elevated synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate
(NMDA) receptors, thereby increasing synaptic connectivity. Mass spectrometry
revealed that thrombospondin-4 (THBS4) and SPARC-like protein 1 (SPARCL1)
were enriched in serum from young mice. Strikingly, recombinant THBS4 and
SPARCL1 both increased dendritic arborization and doubled synapse numbers in
cultured neurons. In addition, SPARCL1 but not THBS4 tripled NMDA
receptor-mediated synaptic responses. Thus, at least two proteins enriched in
young blood, THBS4 and SPARCL1, directly act on neurons as synaptogenic
factors. ..."
-- [doi:10.1073/pnas.1902672116]['19].
%A P. Muralidhar
%T Mating preferences of selfish sex chromosomes
%J Nature
%V 570
%P 376-379
%M JUN
%D 2019
%K jrnl, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0619, sexual, sex, mate selection, preference,
male, female, trait, traits, Fisher runaway, Zahavi handicap, birds, animals,
DNA, fitness, ornamentation, chromosome X W, Wchr, chrW, Xchr, chrX
%X "The evolution of female mating preferences for harmful male traits is a
central paradox of sexual selection. Two dominant explanations for this
paradox are Fisher's runaway process, which is based on genetic correlations
between preference and trait and Zahavi's handicap principle, in which the
trait is an honest costly signal of male quality. ... present a mechanism
for the evolution of female mating preferences for harmful male traits that
is based on the selfish evolutionary interests of sex chrs. ... female-biased
genetic elements - such as the W and X sex chromosomes - will evolve mating
preferences for males who display traits that reduce their fitness and/or
that of their male offspring, but increase fitness in female offspring. In
particular, W-linked preferences can cause nearly lethal male traits to
sweep to fixation. Sex-linked preferences can drive the evolution of traits
such as ornamental handicaps and male parental care, and can explain
variation in ornamentation and behaviour across taxa with divergent
sex-determining mechanisms."
[Also search for: sex chromosome].
%A F. Thomas
%A T. Madsen
%A M. Giraudeau
%A D. Misse
%A R. Hamede
%A O. Vincze
%A F. Renaud
%A B. Roche
%A B. Ujvari
%T Transmissible cancer and the evolution of sex
%J PLoS Biology
%V 17
%N 6
%P e3000275
%M JUN
%D 2019
%K jrnl, eJrnl, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0619, biology, biol, sex, sexual,
asexual, reproduction, transmissible cancer, evolution, reasons, origins,
Tasmanian devil
%X "The origin & subsequent maintenance of sex & recombination are among the
most elusive & controversial problems in evolutionary biology. ... propose a
novel hypothesis, suggesting that sexual reproduction not only evolved to
reduce the -ve effects of the accumulation of deleterious mutations &
processes assoc. with pathogen &/or parasite resistance but also to prevent
invasion by transmissible selfish neoplastic cheater cells, henceforth
referred to as transmissible cancer cells. Sexual repro. permits systematic
change of the multicellular organism's genotype & hence an enhanced detection
of trans. c.cells by immune system. Given the omnipresence of oncogenic
processes in multicellular organisms, together with the fact that
transmissible c.cells can have dramatic effects on their host fitness, our
scenario suggests that the benefits of sex & concomitant recombination will
be large & permanent, explaining why sexual reproduction is, despite its
costs, the dominant mode of reproduction among eukaryotes."
-- [doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000275]['19].
(Also see the abc[8/6/2019].)
%A A. G. Bedeian
%T The Dean's Disease: How the darker side of power manifests itself in the
office of Dean
%J Academy of Management Learning and Education
%V 1
%N 2
%P 164-173
%D 2002
%K jrnl, c2002, c200x, c20xx, zz0619, university, management, faculty, dean,
deans, deanlet, deanitis, power, ethics, corrupts, academic, academia,
research, impact, KPI, KPIs, higher education
%X "Commentators since the time of Greek dramatist Sophocles have noted that the
exercise of power often produces strong psychological changes in people. As
power holders, deans comprise far too few exceptions to this insight. Early
in their tenure new deans are generally grateful for the confidence placed in
them by their former colleagues & are eager to work together in changing
"the system" to eliminate unjust privileges and practices. But soon feelings
of overwhelming gratitude & oneness become faint memories. Within months of
taking office, such feelings undergo a transformation so subtle that those
affected are unaware of changes in their thinkingand behavior. ..."
-- [doi:10.5465/AMLE.2002.8509359]['19],
[sem'schol]['19].
[Also search for: university management].
%A B. E. Harcourt
%T Risk as a proxy for race
%J Criminology and Public Policy (Forthcoming)
%M SEP
%D 2010
%O U. Chicago, Public Law working paper 323
%K c2010, c201x, c20xx, zz0619, law, crime, prevention, AI, bias, biases,
USA, race, racial, racism, racist, algorithm, stereotype,
face, facial recognition, risk, risks, prediction
%X "Today, an increasing chorus argues that risk-assessment instruments are a
politically feasible way to resolve our problem of mass incarceration and
reduce prison populations. In this essay, I argue against this progressive
argument for prediction: using risk-assessment tools to decrease prison
populations would unquestionably aggravate the already intolerable racial
imbalance in our prison populations and will not address the real source of
mass incarceration, namely the admissions process. ..."
-- [www]['19].
Also see
propublica@[www]['19].
%A S. F. Way
%A A. C. Morgan
%A A. Clauset
%A D. B. Larremore
%T The misleading narrative of the canonical faculty productivity trajectory
%J PNAS
%V 114
%N 44
%P E9216-E9223
%M OCT
%D 2017
%K jrnl, PNAS, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0619, scientific research, science,
scientist, university, management, academic, academia, faculty, impact,
promotion, job, career, ideas, creativity, prediction, predict, publications,
KPI, KPIs, papers
%X "A scientist may publish tens or hundreds of papers over a career ... Sixty
years of studies on career productivity patterns in a variety of fields
suggest an intuitive & universal pattern: Productivity tends to rise
rapidly to an early peak & then gradually declines. Here, we test the
universality of this conventional narrative ... We show that the conventional
narrative confidently describes only one-fifth of faculty, regardless of
department prestige or researcher gender, & the remaining four-fifths of
faculty exhibit a rich diversity of productivity patterns. To explain this
diversity, we introduce a simple model of productivity trajectories &
explore correlations between its parameters & researcher covariates,
showing that departmental prestige predicts overall individual productivity
& the timing of the transition from first- to last-author publications.
These results demonstrate the unpredictability of productivity over time &
open the door for new efforts to understand how environmental & individual
factors shape scientific productivity."
-- [doi:10.1073/pnas.1702121114]['19].
%A O. E. Williams
%A L. Lacasa
%A V. Latora
%T Quantifying and predicting success in show business
%J NatureComms
%V 10
%N 2256
%M JUN
%D 2019
%K jrnl, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0619, showbiz, actor, actors, acting, arts,
career, job, peak, impact, movie, movies, imdb, films, rich-get-richer,
hot hands, Matthew effect, stats
%X "In certain artistic endeavours - such as acting in films & TV, where
unemployment rates hover at around 90% - sustained productivity (simply
making a living) is probably a better proxy for quantifying success than high
impact. Drawing on a worldwide database, here we study the temporal profiles
of activity of actors & actresses. We show that the dynamics of job
assignment is well described by a 'rich-get-richer' mechanism & we find that,
while the percentage of a career spent active is unpredictable, such activity
is clustered. Moreover, productivity tends to be higher towards the beginning
of a career & there are signals preceding the most productive year.
Accordingly, we propose a machine learning method which predicts with 85%
accuracy whether this 'annus mirabilis' has passed, or if better days are
still to come. We analyse actors & actresses separately, also providing
compelling evidence of gender bias in show business."
-- [doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10213-0]['19].
(Also see the abc[5/6/2019].)
%A H. Else
%T What universities can learn from one of science's biggest frauds
%J Nature
%V ?
%M JUN
%D 201910.1038/d41586-019-01884-2
%K views, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0619, fraud, academic, university,
scientific research, misconduct, scandal, plagiarism, investigation, Sato,
Kurume University, Hirosaki
%X "Detailed analysis of misconduct investigations into huge research fraud
suggests institutional probes aren't rigorous enough. ..."
-- [doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01884-2]['19].
[Also search for: academic misconduct].
%A H. Critchlow
%T The Science of Fate: Why Your Future is More Predictable Than You Think
%I HodderAndStoughton
%P 256
%M MAY
%D 2019
%K book, text, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0619, free will, freewill, mind,
determinism
%X 1st ed 2019; uk us isbn:1473659280; uk is isbn13: 978-1473659285.
%A Z. K. Minev
%A et al ...
%A M. H. Devoret
%T To catch and reverse a quantum jump mid-flight
%J Nature
%V 570
%P 200-204
%M JUN
%D 2019
%K jrnl, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0619, physics, quantum theory, discrete,
continuous, jump
%X "In quantum physics, measurements can fundamentally yield discrete & random
results. Emblematic of this feature is Bohr's 1913 proposal of q.jumps
between two discrete energy levels of an atom. ... Despite the
non-deterministic character of q.physics, is it possible to know if a q.jump
is about to occur? Here we answer this question affirmatively: we
experimentally demonstrate that the jump from the ground state to an excited
state of a superconducting artificial three-level atom can be tracked as it
follows a predictable 'flight', by monitoring the popln of an auxiliary
energy level coupled to the ground state. The experimental results
demonstrate that the evolution of each completed jump is cts, coherent &
deterministic. We exploit these features, using real-time monitoring &
feedback, to catch & reverse q.jumps mid-flight - thus deterministically
preventing their completion. Our findings, which agree with theoretical
predictions essentially without adjustable parameters, support the modern
q.trajectory theory & should provide new ground for the exploration of
real-time intervention techniques in the control of q.systems, such as the
early detection of error syndromes in q.error correction."
-- [doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1287-z]['19].
%A P. Elias
%T Minimum times and memories needed to compute the values of a function
%J J. Comput. Sys. Sci.
%V 9
%N 2
%P 196-212
%M OCT
%D 1974
%K jrnl, c1974, c197x, c19xx, zz0619, universal code, integer codes,
FSA, FSM, UTM, time, space, intCodes
%X "A deterministic sequential device receives one input symbol at a time,
prints output syms. from left to right on an output tape, & halts for some
input seqs.. Such a device can be used to compute some repn of the value of a
fn when some repn of the arg. of the fn is supplied as input. Lower bounds to
the times required to find the values of the fn & to averages of those times
follow, even if the device is v.powerful. The bounds can be attained by
sufficiently powerful devices (which may not be finitely describable) & can
be approached by finite-state mcs when the appropriate repns of the range &
the domain are chosen. A speedup theorem permits almost all values to be
computed more rapidly, but does not reduce the avg time to find a value. A
universal three-state automaton computes the values of any properly
represented fn taking at most twice the avg time required by the best
computer for that fn."
-- [doi:10.1016/S0022-0000(74)80007-3]['19].
Also see Elias 1975 which attributes the 1st universal code to this paper.
Also see [Integer Codes].
[Also search for: intCodes].
%A A. D. Wyner
%T An upper bound on the entropy series
%J Inf. and Control
%V 20
%P 176-181
%D 1972
%K jrnl, c1972, c197x, c19xx, zz0619, intCodes, information, entropy,
inequality
%X "An upper bound is established for the entropy corr. to a +ve integer valued
random variable X in terms of the expectation of certain fns of X. In
particular, we show that the entropy is finite if E log X < inf. Further, if
Pr{X=n} is non-increasing in n (n=1,2,...), then the entropy is finite only
if E log X < inf."
"... Thm 1. If p is s.t. H(p) < inf, the E log X < inf. ...
Thm 2. ... Thm 3 ..."
-- [doi:10.1016/S0019-9958(72)90365-8]['19].
%A R. Janssen
%A J. Klawitter
%T Rearrangement operations on unrooted phylogenetic networks
%J arXiv
%M JUN
%D 2019
%K TR, MolBio, c2019, c201x, c20xx, zz0619, unrooted, phylogenetic, tree,
network, distance, operation, NNI, SPR, TBR
%X "Rearrangement operations transform a phylogenetic tree into another one &
hence induce a metric on the space of p.trees. Popular ops. for unrooted
p.trees are NNI (nearest neighbour interchange), SPR (subtree prune &
regraft), & TBR (tree bisection & reconnection). Recently, these ops. have
been extended to unrooted phylogenetic n/wks, which are generalisations of
p.trees that can model reticulated evolutionary relationships. Here, we study
global & local properties of spaces of phylogenetic n/wk under these three
operations. ... prove connectedness & asymptotic bounds on the diameters of
spaces of different classes of phylogenetic n/wk, inc. tree-based & level-k
n/wks. We also examine the behaviour of shortest TBR-sequence between two
phylogenetic n/wks in a class, & whether the TBR-dist. changes if
intermediate n/wks from other classes are allowed: e.g., the space of
p.trees is an isometric subgraph of the space of phylogenetic n/wks under
TBR. Lastly, we show that computing the TBR-distance & the PR-distance of
two phylogenetic n/wks is NP-hard."
-- 1906.04468@[arXiv]['19].