Search engine run on: http://users.monash.edu.au/
Glookbib search for: zz0518
%A M. E. Lesk
%T Automatic sense disambiguation using machine readable dictionaries:
how to tell a pine cone from an ice cream cone
%J Proc. of the 5th annual int. conf. on Systems documentation
%W New York
%I ACM
%P 24-26
%D 1986
%K conf, SIGDOC, c1986, c198x, c19xx, zz0518, MLesk, MELesk, algorithm,
word sense, wordSense, NLP, context, ambiguity
%X pdf@[doi:10.1145/318723.318728]['18].
Also see, "... based on the assumption that words in a given
'neighborhood' (section of text) will tend to share a common topic.
A simplified version of the Lesk algorithm is to compare the dictionary
defn of an ambiguous word with the terms contained in its neighborhood. ..."
-- [wikip]['18].
%A L. Breiman
%T Random forests
%J Mach. Learning
%V 45
%N 1
%P 5-32
%M OCT
%D 2001
%K jrnl, c2001, c200x, c20xx, zz0518, decision tree, Dtree, AI, II,
random forest, forests, randomForest, ensemble, Adaboost
%X "Random forests are a combination of tree predictors such that each tree
depends on the values of a random vector sampled indep. & with the same
distn for all trees in the forest. The generalization error for forests
converges a.s. to a limit as the # of trees in the forest becomes large. ...
depends on the strength of the individual trees in the forest & the
correlation between them. Using a random selection of features to split each
node yields error rates that compare favorably to Adaboost (Y. Freund & R.
Schapire, Machine Learning: Proc. 13th Int. conf., 148–156), but are more
robust with respect to noise. Internal estimates monitor error, strength, &
correlation & these are used to show the response to increasing the # of
features used in the splitting. Internal estimates are also used to measure
variable importance. These ideas are also applicable to regression."
-- [doi:10.1023/A:1010933404324]['18].
[Also search for: II random forest].
(Also see RF@[wikip]['18].)
%A C. Chothia
%A A. M. Lesk
%A A. Tramontano
%A M. Levitt
%A et al ...
%A R. J. Poljak
%T Conformations of immunoglobulin hypervariable regions
%J Nature
%V 342
%P 877-883
%M DEC
%D 1989
%K biol, jrnl, c1989, c198x, c19xx, zz0518, AMLesk, antibody, antibodies,
structure
%X "On the basis of comparative studies of known antibody structures and
seqs. it has been argued that there is a small repertoire of main-chain
conformations for at least five of the six hypervariable regions of
antibodies, and that the particular conformation adopted is determined by a
few key conserved residues. These hypotheses are now supported by reasonably
successful predictions of the structures of most hypervariable regions of
various antibodies, as revealed by comparison with their subsequently
determined structures."
-- [doi:10.1038/342877a0]['18].
%A C. Chothia
%A A. M.Lesk
%T Canonical structures for the hypervariable regions of immunoglobulins
%J J. Molec. Biol.
%V 196
%N 4
%P 901-917
%M AUG
%D 1987
%K biol, JMB, jrnl, MolBio, c1989, c198x, c19xx, zz0518, AMLesk, antibody,
antibodies, structure, Fab, VL, immunoglobulin
%X "... Examination of the seqs. of immunoglobulins of unknown structure shows
that many have hypervariable regions that are similar in size to one of the
known structures and contain identical residues at the sites responsible for
the observed conformation. This implies that these hypervariable regions have
conformations close to those in the known structures. For five of the
hypervariable regions, the repertoire of conformations appears to be limited
to a relatively small number of discrete structural classes. We call the
commonly occurring main-chain conformations of the hypervariable regions
'canonical structures'. ..."
-- [doi:10.1016/0022-2836(87)90412-8]['18].
%A I. Chanda
%A A. Pan
%A C. Dutta
%T Proteome composition in Plasmodium falciparum: Higher usage of GC-rich
nonsynonymous codons in highly expressed genes
%J JME
%V 61
%N 4
%P 513-523
%M OCT
%D 2005
%K jrnl, JMW, MolBio, c2005, c200x, c20xx, zz0518, malaria parasite,
Plasmodium falciparum, 3D7, amino acid, composition, bias
%X "... extremely AT-rich genomes ... study analyzes the amino acid usage
pattern in 5038 annotated protein-coding seqs. in P.falciparum clone 3D7. The
AA composition of individual proteins, though dominated by the directional
mutational pressure, exhibits wide variation across the proteome. ...
frequencies of residues encoded by GC-rich codons such as Gly, Ala, Arg, &
Pro increase significantly in the products of the highly expressed genes. ...
Negative correlation of the expression level of proteins with respective
molecular weights supports the notion that P.falciparum, in spite of its
intracellular parasitic lifestyle, follows the principle of cost
minimization." [online 7/2005.]
-- [doi:10.1007/s00239-005-0023-5]['18].
%A T. D. Otta
%A et al ...
%A F. Prugnolle
%T Genomes of all known members of a Plasmodium subgenus reveal paths to
virulent human malaria
%J Nature Microbiology
%V ?
%M MAY
%D 2018
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, malaria, plasmodium falciparum,
praefalciparum, Laverania, stevor, human, parasite, genome, genomes
%X "Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent agent of human malaria, shares a
recent common ancestor with the gorilla parasite Plasmodium praefalciparum.
... generated multiple genomes from all known Laverania species. ... The
complete genome sequence of the closest ancestor of P. falciparum enables us
to estimate the timing of the beginning of speciation to be 40,000-60,000
years ago followed by a population bottleneck around 4,000-6,000 years ago.
Our data allow us also to search in detail for the features of P.falciparum
that made it the only member of the Laverania able to infect and spread in
humans."
-- [doi:10.1038/s41564-018-0162-2]['18].
(Also see the bbc[22/5/2018]].)
[Also search for: plasmodium falciparum].
%A T. R. Simoes
%A et al ...
%A R. L. Nydam
%T The origin of squamates revealed by a Middle Triassic lizard from the
Italian Alps
%J Nature
%V 557
%P 706-709
%M MAY
%D 2018
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, animal, tetrapod, squamate,
lizard, lizards, reptile, dinosaur, extinction, evolution, Middle Triassic,
Jurassic, Megachirella wachtler, fossil
%X "Modern squamates (lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians) are the world's most
diverse group of tetrapods along with birds ... oldest known fossils dating
from the Middle Jurassic period - 168 m.y. ago. The evolutionary origin of
squamates is contentious because of several issues: (1) a fossil gap of
~70 million years exists between the oldest known fossils and their estimated
origin ... we shed light on these problems ... articulated fossil reptile
Megachirella wachtleri (Middle Triassic period, Italian Alps). We also
present a phylogenetic dataset, combining fossils and extant taxa, and
morphological and molecular data. ... present evidence that M.wachtleri is
the oldest known stem squamate. Megachirella is 75 million years older than
the previously known oldest squamate fossils ..."
-- [doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0093-3]['18].
%A J. Lu Li
%T Revisiting the trolley problem on the ethics of animal model organisms
%J The Ethical Endeavor
%V 1
%N 1
%P 1
%M AUG
%D 2016
%K c2016, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, trolley problem, tram, railway, tracks,
ethics, morality, philosophy, mouse, mice, Philippa Foot
%X "Despite the fervor with which researchers have tackled the issue in the past
few decades, the ethical dilemma Philippa Foot famously put forth in 1967 has
yet to be resolved. The 'Trolley Problem,' as it is often referred to,
consists of a dilemma in which five innocent workers in the path of a
'runaway tram' are destined to be killed; however, there also exists a fork
in the tracks that leads to a stemming track with an equally innocent single
person on it ..."
-- [www]['18]
( theethicalendeavor.weebly.com/ ).
%A J. Smyth
%T The Toxic University: Zombie Leadership, Academic Rock Stars and
Neoliberal Ideology
%I PalgraveMacmillan
%P 235
%D 2017
%K book, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, University, tertiary, higher education,
academic, management, politics, teaching, research, faculty, dean, deanitis,
jargon, impact, KPI, KPIs, superstars, Federation Uni, Monash, Gippsland,
Australia, ranking, rating, performance manage, workload, league table,
tables, neoliberal, neoliberalism, Reaganomics, zombie, leader, leadership
%X 1st ed 2017; hb us$64; uk us isbn:1137549769; uk us isbn13:978-1137549761.
"This book considers the detrimental changes that have occurred to the
institution of the university, as a result of the withdrawal of state funding
and the imposition of neoliberal market reforms on higher education. It
argues that universities have lost their way, and are currently drowning in
an impenetrable mush of economic babble, spurious spin-offs of zombie
economics, management-speak and militaristic-corporate jargon. ...
meaningless marketing hype ..."
(Also see, "John Smyth has a call to arms for academics frustrated by trends
in higher education in the United States, Britain, Australia and
elsewhere. ..."
-- [www][11/12/17].)
[Also search for: toxic university].
%A M. K. McNutt
%A et al ...
%A I. M. Verma
%T Transparency in authors' contributions and responsibilities to promote
integrity in scientific publication
%J PNAS
%M FEB
%D 2018
%K views, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, scientific research, university, paper,
papers, publications, author, authors, authorship, role, roles, CRediT, TACS,
impact, publish, perish
%X "... propose changes to journal authorship policies & procedures to provide
insight into which author is responsible for which contributions, better
assurance that the list is complete, & clearly articulated standards to
justify earning authorship credit. ... Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT)
(docs.casrai.org/CRediT) ... ecommend that universities & research
institutions articulate expectations about author roles & responsibilities
to provide a point of common understanding for discussion of authorship
across research teams. ..."
-- [doi:10.1073/pnas.1715374115]['18].
[Also search for: publish perish].
(And sadly, also see [doi:10.1126/science.aau0036][26/4/2018].)
%A C. Beeri
%A R. Fagin
%A D. Maier
%A M. Yannakakis
%T On the desirability of acyclic database schemes
%J JACM
%V 30
%N 3
%P 479-513
%M JUL
%D 1983
%K jrnl, JACM, c1983, c198x, c19xx, zz0518, maths, graph, acyclic, DB, DBMS,
chordal, triangulation, hypergraph, dependency, dependencies, acyclicity,
simplicial, join, properties
%X "A class of database schemes, called acyclic, was recently introduced. ...
shown that this class has a # of desirable properties. In particular, several
desirable properties that have been studied by other researchers in very
different terms are all shown to be eqmvalent to acylicity. [&] several
equiv. characterisations of the class in terms of graphs & hypergraphs are
given, & a simple alg. for determining acyclicity is presented. Also given
are several equivalent characterizations of those sets M of multivalued
dependencies s.t. M is the set of multivalued dependencies that are the
consequences of a given join dependency. Several characterizations for a
conflict-free (in the sense of Lien) set of multivalued dependencies are
provided."
-- pdf@[c'teseer]['18].
%A P. Bartlett
%T Undirected graphical models: Chordal graphs, decomposable graphs,
junction trees, and factorizations
%I Berkeley
%M OCT
%D 2003
%K notes, c2003, c200x, c20xx, zz0518, maths, graph, chordal,
recursively simplicial, junction tree, decomposable, model
%X "... G = < V, E > an undirected graph ...
The following are equivalent
1. G is chordal. 2. G is decomposable.
3. G is recursively simplicial. 4. G has a junction tree. ...
... the classic paper on the graph-theoretic equivalences
presented here is C. Beeri et al, JACM 1983 ..."
-- pdf@[berk'ley]['25/5/18].
[Also search for: decomposition defn], [also search for: factorization defn],
[Also search for: Beeri graph c1983].
%A L. Chindelevitch
%A J. Paulo Pereira Zanetti
%A J. Meidanis
%T On the rank-distance median of 3 permutations
%J BMC Bioinformatics
%V 19
%N supp.6
%M MAY
%D 2018
%O RECOMB Comparative Genomics Satellite Workshop: bioinformatics
%K wkShop, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, rank distance, permutation, algorithm,
double cut join, DCJ, genomes, sorting, reversals, reversal, inversion,
transposition, median, rearrangement distance, comparison
%X "... provides the first proof that, wrt the rank distance, the problem of
finding the median of 3 genomes, as well as the median of 3 permutations, is
exactly solvable in polynomial time, a result which should be contrasted with
its NP-hardness for the DCJ (double cut-and-join) distance and most other
families of genome rearrangement operations. This result, backed by our
experimental tests, indicates that the rank distance is a viable alternative
to the DCJ distance widely used in genome comparisons."
-- [doi:10.1186/s12859-018-2131-4]['18].
[Also search for: permutation rank distance].
%A N. Chater
%A P. M. B. Vitanyi
%T The generalized universal law of generalization
%J J. Math. Psych.
%V 47
%P 346-369
%D 2003
%K jrnl, c2003, c200x, c20xx, zz0518, animal, behaviour, psychology,
generalization, generalise, generalize, efficient coding,
compression, information
%X "... We show that, nonetheless, the Universal Law of Generalization can be
derived in the more complex setting of arbitrary stimuli, using a much more
universal measure of dist.. This universal dist. is defined as the
length of the shortest program that transforms the representations of the two
items of interest into one another: The algorithmic information dist.. It
is universal in the sense that it minorizes every computable dist.: It is
the smallest computable dist.. We show that the Universal Law of
Generalization holds with probability going to one-provided the probabilities
concerned are computable. We also give a mathematically more appealing form
of the Universal Law."
-- [doi:10.1016/S0022-2496(03)00013-0]['18].
[Also search for: MML] and [also search for: universal law generalization].
%A C. R. Sims
%T Efficient coding explains the universal law of generalization in
human perception
%J Science
%V 360
%N 6389
%P 652-656
%M MAY
%D 2018
%K jrnl, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, animal behaviour, generalization,
generalise, generalize, efficient coding, compression, information
%X "... will learn to avoid preying on that species again by generalizing its
past experience to new perceptual stimuli. ... Here, I challenge existing
theoretical explanations for the universal law and offer an alternative
account based on the principle of efficient coding. I show that the universal
law emerges inevitably from any information processing system (whether
biological or artificial) that minimizes the cost of perceptual error subject
to constraints on the ability to process or transmit information."
-- [doi:10.1126/science.aaq1118]['18].
[Also search for: MML] and [also search for: universal law generalization].
%A C. K. Wong
%A E. Makalic
%A D. F. Schmidt
%T A minimum message length criterion for robust linear regression
%J arXiv
%M FEB
%D 2018
%K TR, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, MML, mdl, robust linear regression, DEnes,
Student-t distribution, StudentT, scale mixture, scaleMixture
%X "... inference of linear regression models with Student-t errors. A new
criterion for var. selection & parameter estimation in Student-t regression
is proposed. By exploiting properties of the regression model, we derive a
suitable non-informative proper uniform prior distn for the regression
coefficients that leads to a simple & easy-to-apply criterion. ... does not
require spec. of hyperparameters & is invariant under both full rank
transformations of the design matrix & linear transformations of the
outcomes. We comp are the proposed criterion with several ..."
-- 1802.03141@[arXiv]['18].
[Also search for: scaleMixture].
%A S. Aaronson
%T Quantum Computing since Democritus
%I CUP
%P 398
%M APR
%D 2013
%K book, text, CUP, c2013, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, quantum computing, computer
%X 1st ed 2013; pb us$32; uk us isbn:0521199565; uk us isbn13:978-0521199568.
"... Beginning in antiquity with Democritus, it progresses through logic and
set theory, computability and complexity theory, quantum computing,
cryptography, the information content of quantum states and the
interpretation of quantum mechanics. ..."
(Also see SA@[www]['18].)
[Also search for: Aaronson quantum].
%A S. W. Hawking
%A T. J. Hertog
%T A smooth exit from eternal inflation?
%J J. of High Energy Physics
%V 147
%M APR
%D 2018
%K jrnl, physics, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, cosmology, universe, inflation,
big bang, bigBang, string theory, multiverse, quantum gravity
%X "The usual theory of inflation breaks down in eternal inflation. We derive a
dual description of eternal inflation in terms of a deformed Euclidean CFT
located at the threshold of eternal inflation. The partition function gives
the amplitude of different geometries of the threshold surface in the
no-boundary state. Its local and global behavior in dual toy models shows
that the amplitude is low for surfaces which are not nearly conformal to the
round three-sphere and essentially zero for surfaces with negative curvature.
Based on this we conjecture that the exit from eternal inflation does not
produce an infinite fractal-like multiverse, but is finite and reasonably
smooth."
-- [doi:10.1007/JHEP04(2018)147]['18],
1707.07702@[arXiv]['18].
(Also see [www][2/5/2018.)
%T Challenging local realism with human choices
%Q The BIG Bell Test Collaboration
%J Nature
%V 557
%P 212-216
%M MAY
%D 2018
%K jrnl, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, quantum theory, mechanics, physics,
Bell test, local realism, freedom of choice, loophole
%X "... We recruited about 100,000 human participants to play an online video
game that incentivizes fast, sustained input of unpredictable selections and
illustrates Bell-test methodology ... The observed correlations strongly
contradict local realism and other realistic positions in bipartite and
tripartite scenarios. Project outcomes include closing the
‘freedom-of-choice loophole’ (the possibility that the setting choices are
influenced by ‘hidden variables’ to correlate with the particle
properties) ..."
-- [doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0085-3]['18].
%A J. MacQueen
%T Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations
%J Proc. 5th Berkeley Symp. on Math. Statist. and Prob.
%I Univ. of Calif. Press
%V 1
%P 281-297
%D 1967
%K c1967, c1968, c19xx, zz0518, k means, kmeans, clustering, classification
%X -- 1200512992@[projecteuclid]['18].
Also see kmeans@[wikip]['18].
%A S. Lloyd
%T Least squares quantization in PCM
%J IEEE Trans. on Inf. Th.
%V 28
%N 2
%P 129-137
%M MAR
%D 1982
%K jrnl, stats, c1957, c195x, c1982, c198x, c19xx, zz0518,
least squares, PCM, Lloyd max, k means, kmeans, EM algorithm, clustering
%X "... In this paper the corresponding result for any finite number # quanta is
derived; that is, necessary conditions are found that the quanta & associated
quantization intervals of an optimum finite quantization scheme must satisfy.
The optimization criterion used is that the avg. quantization noise power be
a minimum. It is shown that the result obtained here goes over into the
Panter & Dite result as the # of quanta become large. The optimum
quantization schemes for2^{b}quanta,b=1,2, \cdots, 7, are given numerically
for Gaussian & for Laplacian distribution of signal amplitudes."
-- [doi:10.1109/TIT.1982.1056489]['18].
("... The std alg. was first proposed by Stuart Lloyd in 1957 as
a technique for pulse-code modulation, though it wasn't
published outside of Bell Labs until 1982. ..."
-- kmeans@[wikip]['18].)
%A M. West
%T On scale mixtures of normal distributions
%J Biometrika
%V 74
%N 3
%P 646-648
%M SEP
%D 1987
%K jrnl, c1987, c198x, c19xx, zz0518, scale mixture, scaleMixture, normal,
stable
%X "The exponential power family of distns of Box & Tiao (1973) is shown to be a
subset of the class of scale mixtures of normals. The corr. mixing distn. are
explicitly obtained, identifying a close relationship between the exponential
power family & a further class of normal scale mixtures, namely the stable
distributions."
-- [doi:10.1093/biomet/74.3.646]['18].
[Also search for: scaleMixture].
(Also see locn-test@[wikip]['18].)
%A D. F. Andrews
%A C. L. Mallows
%T Scale mixtures of normal distributions
%J J. Royal Stat. Soc.. Series B (Methodological)
%V 36
%N 1
%P 99-102
%D 1974
%K jrnl, JRSS, c1974, c197x, c19xx, zz0518, scale mixture, scaleMixture, stats,
normal, exponential, logistic
%X "This paper presents necessary & sufficient condns under which a random
variable X may be generated as the ratio Z/V where Z & V are indep.
& Z has a std normal distn. This representation is useful in Monte Carlo
calculations. It is established that when 0.5*V^2 is exponential,
X is double exponential; & that when V/2 has the asymptotic distribution
of the Kolmogorov distance statistic, X is logistic."
-- 2984774@[Jstor]['18].
[Also search for: scaleMixture].
(Also see locn-test@[wikip]['18].)
%A E. F. O. Sandes
%A G. L. M. Teodoro
%A M. Emilia
%A M. T. Walter
%A X. Martorell
%A E. Ayguade
%A A. C. M. A. Melo
%T Formalization of block pruning: Reducing the number of cells computed in
exact biological sequence comparison algorithms
%J COMPJ
%V 61
%N 5
%P 687-713
%M MAY
%D 2018
%K Compj, jrnl, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, sequence comparison algorithm,
alignment, dynamic programming, 2D, DPA, fast, prune, cell
%X "... The DP matrix H is calculated with a recurrence relation in which the
value of each cell Hi,j is the result of a maximum operation on the cells’
values Hi−1,j−1, Hi−1,j and Hi,j−1 added or subtracted by a constant value.
... define a generic pruning method which determines the cells that can
pruned (i.e. no need to be computed since they will not contribute to the
final solution), accelerating the computation but keeping the guarantee that
the optimal result will be produced. The goal of this paper is thus to
investigate and formalize properties of the DP matrix in order to estimate
and increase the pruning method efficiency. We also show that the pruning
efficiency depends mainly on three characteristics: (a) the order in which
the cells of H are calculated, (b) the values of the parameters used in the
recurrence relation and (c) the contents of the sequences compared."
-- [doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxx090]['18].
[Also search for: fast DPA].
%A J. Cockx
%A D. Devriese
%T Proof-relevant unification: Dependent pattern matching with only the
axioms of your type theory
%J JFP
%V 20
%N e12
%M MAY
%D 2018
%K jrnl, JFP, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, functional programming language, FP,
type, types, check, checking, axiom, proof, logic, dependent pattern,
unification, dependencies, Agda, Coq, Idris, eta equality, record, records
%X "Dependently typed languages such as Agda, Coq, & Idris use a syntactic
first-order unification alg. to check definitions by dependent pattern
matching. ... proposes a proof-relevant framework for reasoning formally
about unification in a dependently typed setting. In this framework,
unification rules compute not just a unifier but also a corresponding
soundness proof in the form of an equivalence between two sets of equations.
By rephrasing the standard unification rules in a proof-relevant manner, they
are guaranteed to preserve soundness of the theory. [&] it enables us to
safely add new rules that can exploit the dependencies between the types of
equns, such as rules for eta-equality of record types & higher dimensional
unification rules for solving equns between equality proofs. ... implemented
a complete overhaul of the unification algorithm used by Agda. ..."
-- [doi:10.1017/S095679681800014X]['18].
%T General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
%I EU
%M MAY
%D 2018
%K law, regulation, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0518, internet, data, privacy,
personal, protection, GDPR, Europe, European, EU, UK, www, website, HREF,
opt in, out, optin, optout, consent, conditions of use
%X "... the official PDF of the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data
Protection Regulation) ..."
-- [www]['5/2018].
(Also see the [bbc][25/5/2018].)
[Also search for: internet privacy].