Search engine run on: http://users.monash.edu.au/

Glookbib search for: zz0218

%A S. Cyphers
%A et al ...
%A T. J. Webb
%T Intel nGraph: An intermediate representation, compiler, and executor for
   deep learning
%J arXiv
%M JAN
%D 2018
%K TR, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, deep learning,NN, ANN, Intel, nGraph,
   neon, TensorFlow, MXNet
%X "... Building on our experience creating neon (a fast deep learning library
   on GPUs), we developed Intel nGraph, a soon to be open-sourced C++ library to
   simplify the realization of optimized deep learning performance across
   frameworks & hardware platforms. Initially-supported frameworks include
   TensorFlow, MXNet, & Intel neon framework. Initial backends are Intel
   Architecture CPUs (CPU), the Intel(R) Nervana Neural Network Processor(R)
   (NNP), & NVIDIA GPUs. Currently supported compiler optimizations include
   efficient memory management & data layout abstraction. ... we describe our
   overall architecture & its core components. In the future, we envision
   extending nGraph API support to a wider range of frameworks, hardware (inc.
   FPGAs & ASICs), & compiler optimizations (training v. inference
   optimizations, multi-node & multi-device scaling via efficient sub-graph
   partitioning, & HW-specific compounding of operations)."
   -- 1801.08058@[arXiv]['18].

%A C. Pomerance
%T Analysis and comparison of some integer factoring algorithms
%B Computational Methods in Number Theory, Part I
%E H. W. Lenstra, Jr.
%E R. Tijdeman
%I Math. Centre Tract 154, Amsterdam
%P 89-139
%D 1982
%K c1982, c198x, c19xx, zz0218, factoring, number theory, algorithm, integer,
   factoring, factorization, factorisation, algorithm, quadratic sieve
%X [Also search for: integer factorization].
   (Also see QS@[wikip]['18].)

%A C. Pomerance
%T A tale of two sieves
%J Notices of the AMS
%P 1473
%M DEC
%D 1996
%K c1996, c199x, c19xx, zz0218, maths, prime numbers, integer, factorisation,
   factorization, factoring, quadratic, number field, sieve, number theory,
   primes, algorithm, Pollard
%X "... In 1970 it was barely possible to factor 'hard' 20-digit numbers. In
   1980, in the heyday of the Brillhart-Morrison continued fraction factoring
   alg., factoring of 50-digit numbers was becoming commonplace. In 1990 my own
   quadratic sieve factoring alg. had doubled the length of the numbers that
   could be factored, the record having 116 digits. By 1994 the quadratic sieve
   had factored the famous 129-digit RSA challenge number that had been
   estimated in Martin Gardner's 1976 Scientific American column to be safe for
   40 quadrillion years (though other estimates around then were more modest).
   But the quadratic sieve is no longer the champion. It was replaced by
   Pollard's number field sieve in the spring of 1996 ..."
   -- [www]['18].
   [Also search for: integer factorisation].

%A S. A. Benner
%A M. A. Cohen
%A G. H. Gonnet
%T Empirical and structural models for insertions and deletions in the
   divergent evolution of proteins
%J J. Molec. Biol.
%V 229
%N 4
%P 1065-1082
%M FEB
%D 1993
%K MolBio, JMB, jrnl, c1993, c199x, c19zz, zz0218, protein, AA, sequence,
   alignment, gap, gaps, cost, costs, not linear, lengths,
   insertion, deletion, indel, indels
%X "... In this study, the probability of a gap in an alignment of a pair of
   homologous protein seqs. was found to increase with the evolutionary distance
   measured in PAM units (# of accepted point mutations per 100 [AA] residues).
   A relationship between the avg # of AA residues between indels & evolutionary
   distance suggests that a unit 30 to 40 amino acid residues in length remains,
   on average, undisrupted by indels during divergent evolution. Further, the
   probability of a gap was found to be inversely proportional to gap length
   raised to the 1.7 power. This empirical law fits closely over the entire
   range of gap lengths examined. Gap length distribution is largely indep. of
   evolutionary distance. These results rule out the widely used linear gap
   penalty as a satisfactory formula for scoring gaps when constructing
   alignments. Further, the observed gap length distribution can be explained by
   a simple model of selective pressures governing the acceptance of indels
   during divergent evolution. Finally, this model provides theoretical support
   for using indels as part of 'parsing algorithms', important in the de novo
   prediction of the folded structure of proteins from the sequence data."
   -- pdf@[gonnet.com]['18],
      [doi:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1105],
      8445636@[pubm'd]['18].
   [Also search for: Gonnet protein]  and  [also search for: protein indels].

%A J. Shi
%A T. L. Blundell
%A K. Mizuguchi
%T FUGUE: sequence-structure homology recognition using environment-specific
   substitution tables and structure-dependent gap penalties
%J J. Mol. Biol.
%V 310
%N 1
%P 243-257
%M JUN
%D 2001
%K jrnl, JMB, MolBio, c2001, c200x, c20xx, zz0218, FUGUE, protein structure,
   sequence, alignment, gap, gaps, indel, indels, substitutions, matrix
%X "FUGUE, a program for recognizing distant homologues by seq.-struct.
   comp'son ([fugue]['01]),
   has three key features. (1) Improved environment-specific substitution
   tables. Substitutions of an amino acid in a p.struct. are constrained by its
   local structural environment, which can be defined in terms of ... .
   tables have been derived from structural alignments in the HOMSTRAD database
   ([homstrad]['01]).
   (2) Automatic selection of alignment alg. with detailed structure-dependent
   gap penalties. FUGUE uses the global-local alg. to align a seq.-struct. pair
   when they greatly differ in length & uses the global alg. in other cases. The
   gap penalty at each posn of the struct. is determined according to its
   solvent accessibility [etc.], ... . (3) Combined info. from both multiple
   seqs. & multiple structures. FUGUE is designed to align multiple seqs.
   against multiple structs. to enrich the conservation/variation info.. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.4762]['18].
   [Also search for: protein structure sequence alignment].

%A C. O. Mackenzie
%A J. Zhou
%A G. Grigoryan
%T Tertiary alphabet for the observable protein structural universe
%J PNAS
%D 2016
%M NOV
%V 113
%N (47)
%P E7438-E7447
%K jrnl, PNAS, MolBio, c2016, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, protein, tertiary,
   structure, fold, folding, building blocks, motifs, patterns, TERMs
%X "... we decompose the set of known protein structures into standard reusable
   building blocks, which we call ter.struct. motifs (TERMs). Strikingly,
   we find that only ~600 TERMs describe 50% of the known protein structural
   universe at sub-Angstrom resolution. Furthermore, we find the natural
   utilization of TERMs gives us a means of uncovering sequence-structure
   relationships. ..."
   -- [doi:10.1073/pnas.1607178113]['18].
   [Also search for: MolBio protein structure pattern].

%A M. Jain
%A et al ...
%A M. Loose
%T Nanopore sequencing and assembly of a human genome with ultra-long reads
%J Nature Biotech.
%V ?
%M JAN
%D 2018
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, Oxford Nanopore, MinION, DNA,
   sequencing, NG50, N50, GRCh38
%X "... sequencing & assembly of a reference genome for the human GM12878
   Utah/Ceph cell line using the MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) nanopore
   sequencer. 91.2 Gb of seq. data, representing ~30x theoretical coverage, were
   produced. Reference-based alignment enabled detection of large structural
   variants & epigenetic modifications. De novo assembly of nanopore reads alone
   yielded a contiguous assembly (NG50 ~3Mb). We developed a protocol to
   generate ultra-long reads (N50 > 100 kb, read lengths up to 882 kb).
   Incorporating an additional 5x coverage of these ultra-long reads more than
   doubled the assembly contiguity (NG50 ~6.4Mb). The final assembled genome
   was 2,867 million bases in size, covering 85.8% of the reference. Assembly
   accuracy, after incorporating complementary short-read sequencing data,
   exceeded 99.8%. Ultra-long reads enabled assembly & phasing of the 4-Mb major
   histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus in its entirety, measurement of
   telomere repeat length, & closure of gaps in the reference human genome
   assembly GRCh38."  (online 29/1/2018.)
   -- [doi:10.1038/nbt.4060]['18].

%A J. L. Morris
%A et al ...
%A P. C. J. Donaghue
%T The timescale of early land plant evolution
%J PNAS
%V ?
%P ?-?
%M JAN
%D 2018
%K jrnl, PNAS, MolBio, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, biol, biology, land plants,
   origin, origins, evolution, fossil, fossils, bryophyte, tracheophyte,
   Cambrian, Ordovocian, Embryophyta, Viridiplantae, phylogenetic, phylogenomic
%X "... establish a timescale for early land plant evolution that integrates
   over competing hypotheses on bryophyte-tracheophyte relationships. We
   estimate land plants to have emerged in a middle Cambrian - early Ordovocian
   interval, & vascular plants to have emerged in the Late Ordovician-Silurian.
   This timescale implies an early establishment of terrestrial ecosystems by
   land plants that is in close accord with recent estimates for the origin of
   terrestrial animal lineages. ... Here, we establish a timescale for early
   land plant evolution that integrates over topological uncertainty by
   exploring the impact of competing hypotheses on bryophyte-tracheophyte
   relationships, among other variables, on divergence time estimation.
   We codify 37 fossil calibrations for Viridiplantae following best practice.
   We apply these calibrations in a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analysis of
   a phylogenomic dataset encompassing the diversity of Embryophyta & their
   relatives within Viridiplantae. ... For all analyses, a Cambrian origin of
   Embryophyta is recovered with highest probability. The estimated ages for
   crown tracheophytes range from Late Ordovician to late Silurian. ... implies
   an early establishment of terrestrial ecosystems by land plants that is in
   close accord with recent estimates for the origin of terrestrial animal
   lineages. ..."  [online Feb 2018.]
   -- [doi:10.1073/pnas.1719588115]['18].
   [Also search for: origin plants].
   (Also see, "... Land plants evolved from 'pond scum' about
    500 million years ago, according to new research. ..."
    -- bbc[20/2/2018].)

%A S. Nowoshilow
%A et al ...
%A E. M. Myers
%T The axolotl genome and the evolution of key tissue formation regulators
%J Nature
%V 554
%P 50-55
%M FEB
%D 2018
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, animal, tetrapod, amphibian,
   salamander, Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, genome, nGenome, tissue,
   regulator, regeneration, Pax3, Pax7, HoxA, DNA sequencing, MARVEL
%X "... report the sequencing & assembly of the 32-gigabase-pair axolotl genome
   using an approach that combined long-read sequencing, optical mapping &
   development of a new g.assembler (MARVEL). We observed a size expansion of
   introns & intergenic regions, largely attributable to multiplication of long
   terminal repeat retroelements. We provide evidence that intron size in
   developmental genes is under constraint & that species-restricted genes may
   contribute to limb regeneration. The axolotl g. assembly does not contain the
   essential developmental gene Pax3. However, mutation of the axolotl Pax3
   paralogue Pax7 resulted in an axolotl phenotype that was similar to those
   seen in Pax3-/- & Pax7-/- mutant mice. The axolotl genome provides a rich
   biological resource for developmental & evolutionary studies."
   -- [doi:10.1038/nature25458]['18].
   (Note, 32GB, 10x human.)

%A C. O'Donovan
%A A. Meade
%A C. Venditti
%T Dinosaurs reveal the geographical signature of an evolutionary radiation
%J Nature Ecology and Evolution
%V ?
%M FEB
%D 2018
%K jrnl, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, biology, dinosaur, evolution, spread,
   Cretaceous, speciation, diversity, extinction, model, simulation, ODonovan
%X "Dinosaurs dominated terrestrial ecosystems across the globe for over
   100 million years ... use a biogeographical model to reconstruct the
   dinosaurs' ancestral locations, revealing the spatial mechanisms that
   underpinned this 170-million-year-long radiation. We find that dinosaurs
   spread rapidly initially, followed by a sig. continuous & gradual reduction
   in their speed of movement towards the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary (66
   million years ago). This suggests that the predominant mode of dinosaur
   speciation changed through time with speciation originally largely driven by
   geographical isolation - when dinosaurs speciated more, they moved further.
   This was gradually replaced by increasing levels of sympatric speciation
   (species taking advantage of ecological opportunities within their existing
   environment) as terrestrial space became a limiting factor. Our results
   uncover the geographical signature of an evolutionary radiation."
   -- [doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0454-6][18].

%A M. J. Gandal
%A et al ...
%A D. H. Geschwind
%T Shared molecular neuropathology across major psychiatric disorders parallels
   polygenic overlap
%J Science
%V 359
%N 6376
%P 693-697
%M FEB
%D 2018
%K jrnl, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, medicine, human, mental health, disorders,
   illness, autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, alcoholism,
   psychiatric, genes, genetic, SNPs
%X "... used transcriptomic profiling as a quantitative readout of molecular
   brain-based phenotypes across five major psychiatric disorders - autism,
   schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and alcoholism - compared with
   matched controls. We identified patterns of shared and distinct
   gene-expression perturbations across these conditions. The degree of sharing
   of transcriptional dysregulation is related to polygenic (single-nucleotide
   polymorphism-based) overlap across disorders, suggesting a substantial
   causal genetic component ..."
   -- [doi:10.1126/science.aad6469]['18],
      [www]['18].

%A K. H. Eng
%A et al ...
%A K. O. Odunsi
%T Paternal lineage early onset hereditary ovarian cancers: A familial ovarian
   cancer registry study
%J PLoS Genetics
%V ?
%M FEB
%D 2018
%K jrnl, eJrnl, MolBio, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, human health, breast,
   ovarian, prostate, cancer, genes, mutation, x chromosome, Xchromosome,
   Xchr, chrX, chr-X, father, grandmother, grand mother, sister
%X "Given prior evidence that an affected woman conveys a higher risk of ovarian
   cancer to her sister than to her mother, we hypothesized that there exists an
   X-linked variant evidenced by transmission to a woman from her paternal
   grandmother via her father. ... We performed germline X-chr. exome sequencing
   on 186 women with ovarian cancer from the registry. The rate of cancers was
   28.4% in paternal grandmother/ granddaughter pairs & 13.9% in maternal pairs
   consistent with an X-linked dominant model ... observed an association
   between prostate cancer in men and ovarian cancer in his mother and daughters
   (odds ratio, OR=2.34, p=0.034).  Unaffected mothers with affected
   daughters produced sig. more daughters than sons (ratio=1.96, p < 0.005).
   We performed exome sequencing in reported BRCA negative cases from the
   registry.  Considering age-of-onset , one missense variant (rs176026 in
   MAGEC3) reached chr.-wide significance (Hazard ratio HR=2.85, 95%CI:
   1.75-4.65) advancing the age of onset by 6.7 years.  In addition to the
   well-known contribution of BRCA, we demonstrate that a genetic locus on the
   X-chromosome contributes to ovarian cancer risk.  An X-linked pattern of
   inheritance has implications for genetic risk stratification.  Women with an
   affected paternal grandmother and sisters of affected women are at increased
   risk for ovarian cancer.  Further work is required to validate this variant
   and to characterize carrier families."
   -- [doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007194]['18].

%A J. Xie
%A et al
%A P. Zhow
%T Dampened STING-dependent interferon activation in bats
%J Cell Host and Microbe
%V ?
%N ?
%M FEB
%D 2018
%K jrnl, MolBio, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, bat, bats, virus, immune system,
   viral, host, parasite, zoonotic, reservoir,
   interferon, S358, STING, TLR9, IFI16, AIM2
%X "... whether bats have an altered DNA sensing/defense system to balance high
   cytosolic DNA levels remains an open question. We demonstrate that bats have
   a dampened interferon response due to the replacement of the highly conserved
   serine residue (S358) in STING, an essential adaptor protein in multiple DNA
   sensing pathways. Reversing this mutation by introducing S358 restored STING
   functionality, resulting in interferon activation & virus inhibition.
   Combined with previous reports on bat-specific changes of other DNA sensors
   such as TLR9, IFI16, & AIM2, our findings shed light on bat adaptation to
   flight, their long lifespan, & their unique capacity to serve as a virus
   reservoir."
   -- [doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.01.006]['18].

%A R. Milner
%T The Polyadic pi-Calculus: A Tutorial
%I LFCS, U. Edinb.
%D 1991
%O in 'Logic and Algebra of Specification', SpringerVerlag, 1993
%K TR, c1991, c199x, c19xx, zz0218, FP, PFP, parallel, concurrent,
   naming, replication, commitment, bisimilarity,
   pi calculus, piCalculus, polyadic
%X "The pi-calculus is a model of concurrent computation based upon the
   notion of naming. It is first presented in its simplest and original form,
   with the help of several illustrative applications. Then it is generalized
   from monadic to polyadic form. Semantics is done in terms of both a reduction
   system and a version of labelled transitions called commitment; the known
   algebraic axiomatization of strong bisimilarity is given in the new setting,
   and so also is a characterization in modal logic. Some theorems about the
   replication operator are proved. Justification for the polyadic form is
   provided by the concepts of sort and sorting which it supports. Several
   illustrations of different sortings are given. One example is the
   presentation of data structures as processes which respect a particular
   sorting; another is the sorting for a known translation of the l-calculus
   into pi-calculus. For this translation, the equational validity of
   fi-conversion is proved with the help of repli..."
   -- TR@[ed.ac.au]['18].
   [Also search for: piCalculus].

%A J. Z. Muller
%T The Tyranny of Metrics
%I PrincetonUP
%P 240
%M FEB
%D 2018
%K book, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, publish, perish, bibliometrics, impact,
   Hindex, KIP, KPIs, misuse, teaching, scores, audit culture
%X 1st ed 2018; hb us$19; uk us isbn:0691174954; uk us isbn13:978-0691174952.
   "...  our zeal to instill the evaluation process with scientific rigor,
   we've gone from measuring performance to fixating on measuring itself. The
   result is a tyranny of metrics that threatens the quality of our lives and
   most important institutions. ... Filled with examples from education,
   medicine, business and finance, government, the police and military, and
   philanthropy and foreign aid, this brief and accessible book explains why the
   seemingly irresistible pressure to quantify performance distorts and
   distracts, whether by encouraging "gaming the stats" or
   'teaching to the test." ..."
   [Also search for: bibliometrics misuse].

%A S. Curry
%T Let's move beyond the rhetoric: it's time to change how we judge research
%J Nature
%V 554
%M FEB
%D 2018
%K news, views, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, publish, perish, DORA, scientific,
   research, academic, modified, impact, quality, journals, JIF, publications,
   ranking, ARC, NIH
%X "... The San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) ... Dec 2012
   it proclaims a pressing need to improve how scientific research is evaluated,
   and asks scientists, funders, institutions and publishers to forswear using
   journal impact factors (JIFs) to judge individual researchers.  DORA's aim is
   a world in which *the content of a research paper matters more than the
   impact factor of the journal in which it appears.[!] ..."
   -- [doi:10.1038/d41586-018-01642-w]['18].

%A R. S. Nerem
%A at al
%A G. T. Mitchum
%T Climate-change-driven accelerated sea-level rise detected in the
   altimeter era
%J PNAS
%V ?
%P ?-?
%M FEB
%D 2018
%K jrnl, PNAS, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, climate change, global warming,
   ice sheet, melt, melting, sea level, rise, rising, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason,
   Jason1, Jason2, and Jason3, satellite, data
%X "Using a 25y time series of precision satellite altimeter data from
   TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2, and Jason-3, we estimate the
   climate-change-driven acceleration of global mean sea level over the last
   25y to be 0.084+/-0.025 mm/y2. Coupled with the average
   climate-change-driven rate of sea level rise over these same 25y of
   2.9 mm/y, simple extrapolation of the quadratic implies global mean sea
   level could rise 65+/-12 cm by 2100 compared with 2005, roughly in
   agreement with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
   5th Assessment Report (AR5) model projections."
   -- [doi:10.1073/pnas.1717312115]['18].

%A T. F. Watson
%A et al
%A L. M. K. Vandersypen
%T A programmable two-qubit quantum processor in silicon
%J Nature
%V 555
%P 633-637
%M MAR
%D 2018
%K jrnl, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, quantum computing, computer, qubit,
   qubits, qbit, qbits, dot, dots, silicon, chip, Deutsch Josza algorithm,
   DelftUT, UniWisconsinMadison
%X "Now that it is possible to achieve measurement & control fidelities for
   individual quantum bits (qubits) above the threshold for fault tolerance ...
   using carefully designed control techniques to demonstrate a programmable
   two-qubit quantum processor in a silicon device that can perform the
   Deutsch-Josza algorithm & the Grover search algorithm-canonical examples of
   quantum algorithms that outperform their classical analogues. We characterize
   the entanglement in our processor by using quantum-state tomography of Bell
   states, measuring state fidelities of 85-89% & concurrences of 73-82%.
   These results pave the way for larger-scale quantum computers that
   use spins confined to quantum dots."  (online Feb 2018.)
   -- [doi:10.1038/nature25766]['18].
   [Also search for: quantum computing].
   (Also see, "... turned to silicon to suspend single electron qubits whose
    spin was fixed by the use of microwave energy.  In the superposition state,
    the electron was spinning both up and down. ..."
    -- [bbc][14/2/2018].)

%A X. Mi
%A et al ...
%A J. R. petta
%T A coherent spin-photon interface in silicon
%J Nature
%V ?
%P ?-?
%M FEB
%D 2018
%K jrnl, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, quantum computing, computer, qubit,
   qubits, qbit, qbits, silicon, chip, electron spin, photon,
   PrincetonUni, UniKonstanz, Maryland
%X "Electron spins in silicon quantum dots are attractive systems for quantum
   computing owing to their long coherence times & the promise of rapid scaling
   of the # of dots in a system using semiconductor fabrication techniques. ...
   ... demonstrate strong coupling between a single spin in silicon & a single
   microwave-frequency photon, with spin-photon coupling rates of more than
   10 megahertz. The mechanism that enables the coherent spin-photon
   interactions is based on spin-charge hybridization in the presence of a
   magnetic-field gradient. In addition to spin-photon coupling, we demonstrate
   coherent control & dispersive readout of a single spin. These results open up
   a direct path to entangling single spins using microwave-frequency photons."
   -- [doi:10.1038/nature25769]['18].
   [Also search for: quantum computing].
   (Also see [bbc][14/2/2018].)

%A E. F. Taylor
%A S. Vokos
%A J. M. O'Meara
%T Teaching Feynman's sum-over-paths quantum theory
%J Computers in Physics
%V 12
%N 2
%P 190-199
%M MAR/APR
%D 1998
%K physics, c1998, c199x, c19xx, zz0218, quantum theory, intro, introduction,
   teaching, schools
%X "We outline an intro. to q.mechanics based on the sum-over-paths method
   originated by Richard P. F.. Students use software with a graphics interface
   to model sums assoc. with multiple paths for photons & electrons, leading to
   the concepts of electron wavefunction, the propagator, bound states, &
   stationary states. Material in the first portion of this outline has been
   tried with an audience of high-school science teachers. These students were
   enthusiastic about the treatment, & we feel that it has promise for the
   education of physicists & other scientists, as well as for distribution to a
   wider audience."
   -- [doi:10.1063/1.168652]['18].

%A A. Alonso-Serrano
%A M. Visser
%T Entropy budget for Hawking evaporation
%J Universe
%V 3
%P 58
%M JUL
%D 2017
%K c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, physics, entropy, information, black hole,
   cosmology, Hawking, radiation, evaporation
%X "Blackbody radiation, emitted from a furnace & described by a Planck
   spectrum, contains (on avg.) an entropy of 3.9 +/- 2.5 bits per photon.
   Since normal physical burning is a unitary process, this amount of entropy is
   compensated by the same amount of 'hidden information' in correlations
   between the photons. The importance of this result lies in the posterior
   extension of this argument to the H.radiation from black holes, demonstrating
   that the assumption of unitarity leads to a perfectly reasonable
   entropy/information budget for the evaporation process. In order to carry out
   this calculation we adopt a variant of the 'average subsystem' approach, but
   consider a tripartite pure system that includes the influence of the rest of
   the universe, & which allows 'young' black holes to still have a non-zero
   entropy; which we identify with the standard Bekenstein entropy."
   -- [doi:10.3390/universe3030058]['18];
   auth1[www]['18].

%A J. Peters
%A D. Janzing
%A B. Schoelkopf
%T Elements of Causal Inference: Foundations and Learning Algorithms
%I MITpress
%P 288
%D 2017
%K book, text, c2017, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, Scholkopf, Schoelkopf,
   AI, II, causal model, causality, learning
%X 1st ed 2017; hb us$45; uk us isbn:0262037319; uk us isbn13:978-0262037310.
   "... After explaining the need for causal models and discussing some of the
   principles underlying causal inference, the book teaches readers how to use
   causal models: how to compute intervention distributions, how to infer
   causal models from observational and interventional data, and how causal
   ideas could be exploited for classical machine learning problems. ..."
   (Also see [www]['18].)

%A S. Cheng
%A M. Erwig
%T Systematic identification and communication of type errors
%J JFP
%V 28
%P e2
%M JAN
%D 2018
%K jrnl, JFP, c2018, c201x, c20xx, zz0218, FP, type, inference, types, check,
   checking, error, errors, variational typing
%X "... often difficult to pinpoint the cause of the type error among many
   potential candidates. ... employing the idea of variational typing that
   systematically reuses computations for shared parts and generates all
   messages by typing the whole ill-typed expression only once. We have
   evaluated our approach over a large set of examples collected from previous
   publications in the literature. The evaluation result shows that our approach
   outperforms previous approaches and is computationally feasible."
   -- [doi:10.1017/S095679681700020X]['18].